Overview
This lecture covers the Declaration of Independence for AP Government, emphasizing its Enlightenment foundations, main sections, and key political philosophies.
Structure of the Declaration of Independence
- The Declaration consists of three sections: the Preamble, a list of grievances, and a resolution for independence.
- The Preamble explains why the colonies are separating from Britain, justifying their actions to the world.
Purpose and Audience
- The document was published widely, not just sent to King George III.
- Its main goals were to rally colonial support and gain foreign allies for the American cause.
Enlightenment Ideals in the Preamble
- The Preamble emphasizes natural rights, stating “all men are created equal” with “unalienable rights” to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
- These rights come from a creator, not the government or a king, and thus cannot be taken away by the government.
- The government’s purpose is to protect these natural rights.
Political Philosophies
- Governments derive their power from the “consent of the governed,” reflecting the Enlightenment principle of popular sovereignty.
- The “social contract” means people willingly give some power to government to secure their rights.
- If government fails to protect rights or becomes tyrannical, the people have the right to alter or abolish it and create a new one.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Natural Rights — Fundamental rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) that belong to all people by birth.
- Popular Sovereignty — The idea that governmental power comes from the people.
- Social Contract — An agreement where people give up some freedoms to a government in order to protect their natural rights.
- Consent of the Governed — The authority of government comes from the people's approval.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the Enlightenment influences in the Declaration.
- Understand the core sections (Preamble, Grievances, Resolution) for the AP exam.