Overview
This lecture explores the concept of power in sociology, focusing on definitions, sources, types, and how power is exercised within societies.
The Concept of Power
- Power is the ability of individuals or groups to influence others and shape institutions.
- Manuel Castells argues power relationships form the foundation of society and its institutions.
- Even in highly concentrated power structures, counter-power or resistance always exists.
Definitions and Types of Power
- Max Weber defines power as when Person A can get Person B to do something B would not otherwise do.
- Power can be gained through coercion (illegitimate, forceful) or authority (legitimate, consensual).
- Coercion involves manipulation or threats, often by force or the threat of violence.
- Authority involves voluntary obedience due to perceived legitimacy.
Types of Authority (Weber)
- Charismatic Authority: Based on the leader's personal qualities (e.g., Gandhi, Martin Luther King).
- Traditional Authority: Stemming from longstanding customs and traditions.
- Legal-Rational Authority: Based on official positions within institutions, impersonal and rule-based.
- Leaders may derive authority from a combination of these sources (e.g., Tony Blair).
The Exercise of Power: Steven Lukes' Three Faces
- Decision-making: Ability to make and implement decisions affecting others (most visible form; e.g., lawmakers).
- Agenda Management (Non-Decision Making): Ability to set or limit topics for discussion (e.g., influence of media).
- Manipulation of Wishes (Ideological Power): Shaping what people desire and believe, considered most important by Lukes and Castells.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Power — The ability to get others to do what they otherwise would not do.
- Coercion — Illegitimate use of force or manipulation to gain compliance.
- Authority — Legitimate power accepted by those over whom it is exercised.
- Charismatic Authority — Power based on personal qualities of a leader.
- Traditional Authority — Power rooted in customs and traditions.
- Legal-Rational Authority — Power based on legal rules and institutions.
- Counter-power — Resistance to domination.
- Ideological Power — The power to shape beliefs and desires.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Be able to define power using Weber's definition.
- Explain the difference between coercion and authority, and list the three types of authority.
- Describe Steven Lukes' three faces of power.
- Review relevant class notes and prepare examples for each type and face of power.