Animal & Plant Cells: Similarities & Differences

Introduction

• The study of cell structure and function is a fundamental part of biology.
• Understanding the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells is essential for Edexcel IGCSE Biology.

Animal Cells

• Key Subcellular Structures:
  • Nucleus: Contains genetic material.
  • Cell Membrane: Regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
  • Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration.
  • Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis.
  • Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions occur.
• Microscopy:
  • Certain cellular structures are visible only under an electron microscope.

Plant Cells

• Additional Structures (compared to animal cells):
  • Cell Wall: Made of cellulose, provides shape and protection.
  • Permanent Vacuole: Filled with cell sap, maintains turgidity by pushing cytoplasm against the cell wall.
  • Chloroplasts: Present in leaf and stem cells, site of photosynthesis.
• Microscopy:
  • Chloroplasts indicate cells found in leaves.

Similarities & Differences Table

Examiner Tips

• Be able to recognize, draw, and interpret images of cells.
• Practice drawing and labeling both animal and plant cells as part of your revision.

Additional Resources

• Study Tools Available: Revision notes, exam questions, flashcards, mock exams, and past papers.

Author

• Lra Marie McIvor: Expert in Biology, Psychology & Sociology. Graduated from Oxford University, focusing on Biological Sciences.