Overview
This demonstration explains how to perform the shoulder apprehension (crank) test to check for shoulder instability or possible dislocation, highlighting proper technique and key considerations for interpreting results.
Purpose of the Apprehension Test
- The test is used to assess for shoulder dislocation or instability.
- Also known as the "crank test" due to the cranking motion applied to the shoulder.
- A positive test indicates pain or apprehension but does not confirm a specific diagnosis.
Test Preparation and Patient Positioning
- Patient should lie down comfortably, preferably relaxed and near the edge of the bed.
- Legs position (straight or bent) is not critical and can be based on patient preference.
How to Perform the Test
- Place the patient's arm in 90 degrees abduction and the elbow in 90 degrees flexion.
- Externally rotate the shoulder by moving the forearm backward (stop sign position).
- Observe the patient's facial expression or verbal reactions for signs of apprehension or discomfort.
Interpreting Results
- A positive sign is pain or obvious apprehension during external rotation.
- If applying gentle pressure to stabilize the shoulder reduces discomfort, instability is likely present.
- The test can produce false positives and false negatives, so results should not be used in isolation.
Additional Considerations
- Reproduce the test on the unaffected side for comparison; pain should not be present if there is no injury.
- Further evaluation or professional consultation is recommended if the test elicits discomfort.
Recommendations / Advice
- If the test is positive or causes pain, seek additional assessment from a healthcare professional.
- Do not rely solely on this test for diagnosis due to potential for inaccurate results.
Questions / Follow-Ups
- Viewers are encouraged to ask questions in the comments for further clarification or information.
- Additional resources for stretches and exercises are available through provided links.