Heimler's History: Responses to Imperialism (1750-1900)

Overview

Proclamation of 1763: British reserved Ohio River Valley lands for natives; Americans defied this by westward expansion.
American Indian Resistance:
- Cherokee Assimilation & Trail of Tears: Adopted American customs, formed a constitutional government. Gold discovery led to Indian Removal Act (1830) and forced relocation.
- Ghost Dance Movement: Prophecy-driven ritual aimed to drive out white settlers. Culminated in the Wounded Knee conflict (1890), ending Indian Wars.

Tupac Amaru II: Led rebellion against Spanish colonial leaders due to abuses, capturing a colonial leader. Rebellion spread but was eventually suppressed.

Benito Juarez: Zapotec leader opposed foreign influences, particularly the French. Conservatives colluded with Europeans. French occupation was short-lived due to Mexican resistance.

British established penal colony in 1788.
Aboriginal resistance against settlers' expansion despite British orders for kindness. Superior British military overpowered native efforts.

Xhosa and British Conflicts: Longstanding resistance culminating in the Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement (belief cattle disease was European-caused). Led to famine and death.

Sokoto Caliphate: Established for Islamic purification, thrived economically. Dismantled by British post-Berlin Conference allocation.
Samore Touré and the Wasulu Empire: Resisted French colonialism. Eventually defeated.

Mahdist Revolt in Sudan: Islamic cleric Muhammad Ahmad resisted British intervention successfully initially. Movement dissolved after his death; British took control later.

Rising nationalism against Ottoman rule.
Successful uprisings in Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria led to independence and new states.

Different regions showed unique responses to imperialism, often characterized by nationalism and resistance.
Topic is a part of Unit 6 (AP World History) covering imperialism's impact globally.

Note: The lecture also promotes additional resources for students preparing for exams.