Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Overview

• Definition: OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.
  • Objects contain data (attributes/properties) and actions (functions/methods).
  • Example: A computer monitor
    • Attributes: size, resolution
    • Actions: turn on/off, change brightness
• Key Acronym: A PIE (Abstraction, Polymorphism, Inheritance, Encapsulation)

Prerequisites

• Familiarity with at least one programming language with classes (Python, C++, Java)

Four Pillars of OOP

1. Abstraction

• Concept: Show only necessary details to the user, hide complexities.
  • Example: User pressing a button to turn on a monitor without knowing internal workings.
• Coding Example:
  • Creating an Enemy class with methods
  • Users interact with methods without knowing internal implementation.

2. Inheritance

• Concept: Allows code reusability by deriving a new class from an existing class.
  • Derived classes: Subclass, Child Class
  • Base classes: Superclass, Parent Class
• Coding Example:
  • Vampire class extends Enemy
  • Inherit methods from Enemy, override if necessary

3. Polymorphism

• Concept: Allows methods to do different things based on the object calling them.
  • Comes from Greek words: Poly (many) and Morphism (forms)
• Coding Example:
  • Werewolf class extends Enemy and overrides the talk method.
  • Methods determined at runtime based on object type.

4. Encapsulation

• Concept: Data hiding; restricts access to object properties.
  • Use of private properties and public getter/setter methods.
• Coding Example:
  • Health attribute in Enemy class made private
  • Getter/Setter methods to control access

Importance and Practical Use

• Highly useful in interviews and real-world applications.
• Essential for software engineering and programming.

Interaction

• Q&A: What is your favorite OOP language and why?
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