Sertraline (Zoloft)
Overview
Sertraline, also known by the brand name Zoloft, is a medication primarily used to treat various mental health conditions. It is classified as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.
Uses
- Depression
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Panic disorder
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD)
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
- May be used for other conditions as determined by a healthcare provider.
Mechanism of Action
- Increases serotonin levels in the brain, which can improve mood and emotional stability.
Dosage Forms
- Oral Capsules: 150 mg, 200 mg
- Oral Solution: 20 mg/mL
- Oral Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg
Storage
- Store at room temperature, 68 F to 77 F (20 C to 25 C).
- Can tolerate short-term exposure to 59 F to 86 F (15 C to 30 C) during transport.
- Keep in a cool, dry place.
Common Side Effects
- Nausea, appetite loss, diarrhea
- Indigestion, increased sweating
- Shaking (tremor), agitation
- Change in sleep habits
- Sexual problems
- Tiredness, anxiety
- Children may experience unusual muscle movements, nosebleeds, frequent urination, aggression, slower growth.
Serious Side Effects
- Suicidal Thoughts or Actions: Increased risk in children, teenagers, young adults.
- Serotonin Syndrome: Symptoms include sweating, fever, confusion, restlessness, fast heartbeat.
- Severe Allergic Reactions: Breathing problems, swelling, hives.
- Abnormal Bleeding: Increased risk with blood thinners or NSAIDs.
- Mania (Bipolar Disorder): May cause manic episodes.
- Seizures: Muscle twitching, dizziness, loss of consciousness.
- Glaucoma: Increased eye pressure.
- Hyponatremia (Low Sodium Level): Symptoms include headache, confusion, seizures.
- Heart Rhythm Changes: Risk of QT prolongation.
- Sexual Problems: Decreased libido, ejaculation issues.
Contraindications
- Allergic reactions to sertraline or its ingredients.
- Drug interactions with certain medications (MAO inhibitors, pimozide, etc.).
- Liver problems.
Precautions
- Can be taken with or without food.
- Not to be shared with others.
- Can impair alertness, avoid driving or activities requiring concentration.
- Do not stop abruptly; consult healthcare provider for guidance.
Drug Interactions
- Interacts with MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans, St. John's wort, lithium, and others.
- Avoid alcohol.
Overdose and Missed Doses
- Overdose: Seek immediate medical assistance.
- Missed Dose: Take as soon as remembered unless close to next dose.
Important Notes
- Discuss health conditions with healthcare provider before use.
- Inform provider of all medications and supplements.
- Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless advised by healthcare provider.
Reporting Side Effects