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Heart Anatomy - Lecture Notes
Jul 26, 2024
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Heart Anatomy Lecture Notes
Surfaces of the Heart
Anterior surface
: Front side of the heart.
Posterior surface
: Back side of the heart.
Inferior surface
: Bottom side of the heart.
Apex
: Tip of the heart, points left and downward.
Superior surface (Base)
: Top side of the heart, points toward right shoulder.
Anterior Surface Structures
Auricles
: Fatty pouches on both sides
Left auricle
Right auricle
Pulmonary Trunk
: Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs.
Branches to Left Pulmonary Artery
Right Pulmonary Artery (seen later)
Aorta
: Major artery carrying oxygenated blood from heart to body.
Ascending Aorta
Aortic Arch
Brachiocephalic Artery
Right Subclavian Artery
Right Common Carotid Artery
Left Common Carotid Artery
Left Subclavian Artery
Descending Aorta (seen later)
Right Side of the Heart
Right Atrium
Superior Vena Cava
: Dumps deoxygenated blood into right atrium.
Right Brachiocephalic Vein
Left Brachiocephalic Vein
Azygos Vein: Feeds into Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava: Shown later
Posterior Surface Structures
Descending Aorta
(Thoracic Aorta)
Pulmonary Arteries
: Deoxygenated blood to lungs
Right Pulmonary Artery
Left Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Veins
: Oxygenated blood from lungs
Right Pulmonary Veins
Left Pulmonary Veins
Azygos Vein
: Brings blood from common iliacs, bypasses inferior vena cava
Coronary Circulation
Coronary Arteries
: Supply blood to heart muscle
Right Coronary Artery
Left Coronary Artery
Anterior Interventricular Artery (Left Anterior Descending Artery)
: Common site for myocardial infarctions.
Circumflex Artery
: Supplies lateral walls of the left ventricle.
Veins in Coronary Circulation
Great Cardiac Vein: Follows the anterior interventricular artery
Posterior Vein of the Left Ventricle: Drains into coronary sinus
Small Cardiac Vein: Follows marginal artery
Coronary Sinus: Collects blood from cardiac veins, empties into right atrium
Heart Valves and Chambers
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle
Chordae Tendineae: Tendon-like cords attached to papillary muscles
Papillary Muscles: Anchor chordae tendineae
Fossa Ovalis: Scar tissue from foramen ovale
Coronary Sinus Opening: Empties into right atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Ligamentum Arteriosum: Remnant of fetal ductus arteriosus
Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation
Left Atrium
Right Pulmonary Veins
Left Pulmonary Veins
Mitral Valve (Bicuspid Valve): Between left atrium and left ventricle
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semilunar Valve: Prevent back-flow into left ventricle
Interventricular Septum: Wall between ventricles; defects can occur here
Heart Muscle and Tissue Layers
Myocardium
: Muscular layer of the heart
Endocardium
: Lining of inner chambers and valves
Epicardium
: Outer layer of the heart, made of mesothelium
Special Muscle Structures
Pectinate Muscles
: In anterior walls of atria
Trabeculae Carneae
: In walls of ventricles
Arterial Anastomoses
Provide alternative routes for blood flow in case of blockages
Examples:
Anterior Interventricular Artery and Circumflex Artery
Posterior Interventricular Artery and Circumflex Artery
Posterior Interventricular Artery and Marginal Artery
Marginal Artery and Anterior Interventricular Artery
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