Lecture Notes: Union and State Services

Introduction

• Lecturer: इस्रा खान, Law Mentor
• Topic: Articles 308 to 323, focusing on the Union and State Services.
• Importance: Covers the Doctrine of Pleasure and provisions related to the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and State Public Service Commission.

Overview of Public Services

• Public Service Definition: Refers to government jobs, specifically civil and government services.
• Types of Public Services:
  • All India Services: Common services for both Central and State.
    • Examples: IAS (Indian Administrative Service), IPS (Indian Police Service), IFS (Indian Forest Service).
  • Central Services: Exclusive to the Central Government.
  • State Services: Exclusive to State Governments.

All India Services

• Commonality: Members hold positions in both Central and State Governments.
• Recruitment Process: Through UPSC, which includes a multi-stage examination process (Prelims, Mains, Interview).
• Significance of UPSC: Conducts recruitment for top government positions in India.
• Father of All India Services: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Classification of Services

• Central Services: Divided into Group A (Class 1), Group B (Class 2), Group C (Class 3), and Group D (Class 4).
• Important Central Services: Indian Economic Service, Indian Foreign Service, Engineering Services.

Central and State Recruitment

• Articles Involved: Articles 308 to 314 detail the provisions relating to recruitment and conditions of service.
• Article 309: Empowers Parliament and state legislatures to regulate public service recruitment.
• Conditions of Service: Includes allowances, increments, leave, promotion, and disciplinary actions.

Doctrine of Pleasure

• Definition: The principle that appointments in the civil service are made at the pleasure of the President or Governor.
• Key Articles:
  • Article 310: Covers appointments and conditions under the pleasure of the President and Governor.
  • Article 311: Provides safeguards against arbitrary dismissal of civil servants.

Key Points of Article 311

• Dismissals must follow due process, including an inquiry and opportunity to contest charges.
• Exceptions: Cases involving criminal charges or where security of the state is at risk do not require inquiry.

Role of UPSC

• Central Recruiting Agency: UPSC is responsible for recruiting to public services and ensuring a standard process.
• Reports and Recommendations: Required to submit annual reports to the President.

Conclusion

• The session emphasized the importance of understanding public services in India, especially under constitutional provisions.
• Future sessions will cover additional provisions related to the Election Commission of India and deepen understanding of related topics.

Reminder

• Stay engaged and prepared for upcoming discussions.