[Music] the deli sultanate the golden tiger and the jeweled peacock for more than three centuries a powerful sultanate emerged from the strategically located city of Delhi which controlled the choke point between the Ganges and the Indus River Valley systems at the height of its power the Delhi sultanate nearly conquered the entire Indian subcontinent covering most of the territories of modern-day India Pakistan and Bangladesh the sultanate defeated the massive Mongol Empire's attempts to Annex India and it became a refuge for those fleeing the Mongols the origins of this fabulously wealthy and Powerful sultanate were far different from the heights to which it Rose to the founders of the dynasty that established the sultanate were neither the sons of Kings clerics great warriors or wealthy merchants but instead they were born into a social class where their Birthright was less than nothing in fact they didn't even own themselves they were bought and sold multiple times some lost their freedom when they were sold by their own family members in the latter half of the 12th century while Kings Emperors and Warlords determined the course of Nations a seemingly insignificant event was unfolding in a East Persian town a young turkistani boy who had later changed the course of history was being auctioned off an elderly local magistrate purchased the boy luckily for the child the old man was relatively kind he raised him alongside his own sons and taught him valuable skills including how to read and write ride a horse and how to shoot a bow and arrow after the old magistrate died his son's need some extra cash so they sold him to a merchant who later resold him to Muhammad of Gore Muhammad of Gore was from a long line of aristocratic brutal Warriors from what is now Afghanistan and what was extremely unusual for the time he got along really well with his brother galin Muhammad instead of killing each other like many other powerful Brothers of that era they ruled alongside each other as joint Sultans for 30 years periodically The Sultans gave gifts to those enslaved at the palace who did well in their performance review The New Guy coutu Den ibac's work performance impressed the sultan consequently he received some lavish gifts then ibac did something unusual he distributed his gifts among all the other servants who had not received anything the sultan was so impressed that he gave ibac something he could not give away a promotion to some sort of supervisor and then later to the master of the Stables there being able to read and write came in handy and he was promoted to a logistics manager for the Sultan's Cavalry while on campaign while Mohammad of Gore campaigned against corm in Central Asia ibac was captured and placed in an iron cage to slowly die after successfully campaigning in the region the sultan saw ibac rotting in the cage the pitiful sight greatly moved the sultan after ibac was released he was given promotion and Gifts which he probably gave away ibac thrived in every job he was promoted to up to the rank of General after Conquering the indis valley the girds felt confident they could conquer deeper into the Indian subcontinent there they face the rajputs a warrior class trained since childhood in The Art of War for centuries the rajputs had crushed any attempt by Muslim states to expand to the east of the indis valley plain the girs thought they were different than all those that had failed before them and then they got whooped on beat up and humiliated by the rajputs however the girds did not give up easily and learned from their mistakes the following year they returned with a new Army that had a much larger Cavalry contingent the girds used hidden run feain Retreat tactics on mass against the rajputs who were unpracticed countering that tactic this led to a resounding gried Victory with the rajputs defeated little formid resistance stood in the gird's way in only a few years they conquered most of the northern Indian subcontinent and then in nearly all fell apart even quicker Muhammad of Gore was slain under mysterious circumstances with way too many suspects and literally medieval forensic investigative techniques nearly everyone decided to blame everyone else and the whole empire fell into civil war with multiple factions fined for Supremacy as the Civil War raged on many rallied to I back's cause as he had a reputation for being fair and generous over the course of 3 years he defeated numerous Rivals and Consolidated his position in Northern India as his capital and base of operations the cities of lore and Delhi were used lore was a grand old city that had been the capital of multiple previous States and empires in contrast Delhi had been a relatively small inconspicuous fortified rashood City that suddenly found it self at the nerve center of an emerging Empire consequently Deli began to expand rapidly ibck finally established internal peace prosperity and stability in his new Empire so he decided to do something fun and relaxing like playing Polo then he fell off his horse and died sold for a few coins early in life ibac died at the age of 60 with absolute control over a vast Empire populated by millions of people during his life he was so famously generous that for the next four centuries in that region calling somebody an ibac of that time was a common compliment for a generous person ibac had no apparent successor so the generals officers and Nobles in lore did the Democratic thing and voted for the most popular among them to be Crown the sultan a man named Aram Shaw won the vote and a peaceful transition lasted not much longer than about five minutes the problem was almost nobody outside of the corrupt old city of lore lik Aram sha the governors of the S and Bengal rebelled the rest of the Military Officers and Nobles back dieback son-in-law ilish iltutmish was probably not declared his error probably because ibac thought he still might possibly have a newborn son IL Tut Mish defeated the elected Sultan and then the rebel Governors iltutmish had a very similar origin story to ibac when he was young his own brothers who were jealous that he was not only very intelligent but also very good-looking sold him to traveling Merchants after that he was bought and sold multiple times and ended up being know by ibac under ibac's tutelage elmish Rose through the ranks in the gried and succeeding Deli sultanat he became considered as ibac son and later near the time of ibac's sudden death he was freed and married one of ibac's daughters during iltutmish's Reign he officially moved the sultan its capital from lore to Delhi which began transforming into a grand imperial capital city as elmish expanded the sultanate's territory in the north the Mongol horde overran the Empire of corm as the Mongols moved westwards an avalanche of refugees from Central Asia and the near East poured into the sultanate as the entry points into the sultanate were arduous either through formidable mountain ranges deserts or by finding limited space on a boat the refugees that arrived in the Delhi sultanate were generally the wealthier members of their collapsed societies Nobles military Elites bureaucrats Artisans Architects merchants and Scholars of all kind bed in a deli's newly built neighborhoods with them they brought knowledge and as much wealth as they could possibly haul away from their destroyed homelands by the end of Il t his 25-year Reign the city of Delhi had transformed into a cultural intellectual and economic Hub but old tmh realized he had one big problem all of his sons were a bunch of pleasure-loving lazy losers he hadn't been much of a father to any of his surviving Sons as he spent all the time he could training his eldest son to succeed him and when his eldest son died he didn't like the backup options on the other hand he had a daughter named Aria who had previously affect effectively administered the city of Delhi for a year while her father was campaigning against Rebels so he made the highly unorthodox decision by naming his daughter resia as his successor 5 years passed and shortly before elmish died he summoned one of his sons to Delhi and declared him his Heir the new Sultan Ruck nuten was an instant disaster when not blinding or killing family members and Military Officers he enjoyed riding his elephant while drunk through bazaars while scattering gold coins on the ground and he left most of the Empire's Administration to his mother after 6 months of rakuten's Carnival of death his sister Ria heard she was about to be executed so she came up with a risky plan she attended a large Congressional prayer and incited the crowd of commoners to storm the palace and capture R nutan's mommy the plan worked and most of the soldiers in Delhi joined the rioting commoners hearing the news rut who was trying to put down a Revolt elsewhere hurried back to Delhi with his army where he was quickly captured and executed after putting down a few rebellions the Empire's Nobles and Military Officers accepted arazia as a Sultana however they expected her to be a puppet ruler and she was not she put her name on coins rode about on her elephant at public State events like her father and appointed her loyalists to all the top positions eventually this was too much for the majority of the officers and Nobles so they rebelled deposed and replaced her with another one of her brothers when the Mongols raided the sultanate he was either too scared or indecisive to attack them so the ruling Council of 40 Chiefs deposed him and replaced him with one of iltutmish's grandsons eventually like his aunt Ria he mistakenly thought he was a real Sultan so they had him eliminated too then they put another of Il tash's Sons on the throne and finally on the fth fifth try they got the puppet they were looking for he had a long and uneventful Reign while a former mamlock that had belonged to elmish named balban rolled from behind the throne after the last of el Tut mish's heirs died without leaving an error Balan assumed the throne during his long Reign he stabilized the Empire recaptured lost territory and successfully fought off Mongol incursions balban's grandson succeeded him to the throne while the Young Ruler spent his time on wine and women Jalal Den Ki a warlord from an Afghan tribe of turkic origin guarded the Empire's border from the Mongols Jalal Den Ki knew the Mongols well as he had been a warlord in Mongol service previously for many years and then he was hired by the Delhi sultanate to guard their border after successfully fending off the Mongols and seen the weak and decadent Court in Delhi Jalin organized a palace coup which succeeded loud and usurped power with shedding relatively little blood the 70-year-old Sultan had spent a lifetime fighting for or against the Mongols and then he defeated them again as Sultan despite a lifetime spent as a warrior in the most brutal of conditions Jala oudin had a reputation as being mild-mannered humble and kind towards even the lowliest of peasants his nephew Aladin Ki did not have this reputation he had his uncle killed and usurped the throne although Den was a talented military commander and administrator during his Reign the largest ever Mongol invasion of India Was Defeated afterwards with the rules reversed he ordered the regular raids of the Mongol chagatai Kate aluin proceeded to go on a Cavalcade of brutal conquests in the subcontinent against the rajputs and Southern kingdoms of the dean because of his vast conquests he stylized himself as the second Alexander on his coins through through plunder and effective economic management alud presided over a booming and well-run economy he also effectively used cruelty intimidation and massacres to keep his Empire's frightened subjects in line after he died at about the age of 50 from either sickness or the assassin's blade nobody was kept in line and the Empire plunged into a series of Palace coups and Civil War that lasted 4 years this chaos was brought to an end by a provincial governor gath alind UK tluk claimed his dynasty was of assassinate Persian descent but numerous historians have doubted the connection he was definitely a experienced commander who like the founder of the Ki Dynasty had gained his experience fighting the Mongols like Jalal din tukak also defeated a Mongol invasion after becoming Sultan he then proceeded to conquer Bengal in the East after returning from his conquests he died instantly and unexpectedly in a wooden Pavilion he was standing Nan collapsed it killed him and one of his sons some suspected sabotage his son Muhammad bin tuglak oversaw the heightened power of the deli sultanate and he squandered it the sultan fancied himself a great intellectual and was constantly reading and studying he also didn't take anyone else's advice he was later known as The Mad Sultan The Eccentric Prince were the wisest fool he definitely thought outside of the box in expensive and wasteful ways he forcibly moved the Capital City's population from Delhi far to the South and then changed his mind after a few years and had everyone moved back up north he also raised a gigantic army 375,000 men strong and paid them in advance to do nothing and then disbanded them later he raised another large army and marched it into the Himalayan mountains with the goal of conquering China but in reality he couldn't even contend with the local kingdoms the cold and the starvation after 100,000 men died he turned around and went home due to his rampant mismanagement by the end of his Reign widespread famine and Revolt were endemic throughout the Empire his successor had a long and competent Reign where much of the damage was undone then the empire fell into infighting and Civil War this was when the tur Mongol warlord tamarlane invaded he laid waste to hundreds of thousands and sacked the capital city of Delhi the timid Army sacked Delhi for 15 days and then returned with their loot to samand the tuglak dynasty collapsed soon afterwards the following side dynasty was a pale shadow of the former glory of the Delhi sultanate after a few decades the weakside dynasty was overthrown by the LOI dynasty of Turco Afghan origin compared to its predecessors the LOI dynasty was incredibly stable with only three Sultans in 75 years they expanded their territory in the East while losing a little in the west and they moved the capital South to the newly founded city of Agra after a long period of relative stability and generally competent rule the Moguls who claimed descent from gangas Khan and tamarlane invaded the Indian subcontinent the Delhi sultanate was able to field a larger Army which had a massive contingent of 1,000 war elephants the Moguls had no elephants but the Moguls brought handheld firearms and cannons during the battle the sound of the cannon terrified the elephants they became disoriented and rampaged through the ranks of their own Army ibraim Khan Loi the 31st and final Sultan of the Delhi sultanate died in battle alongside 20,000 of his troops at panipat the Moguls went on to conquer most of the Indian subcontinent during the centuries of Mogul dominance and decline the Muslim Mogul Emperors use the city of Delhi as their capital city for 230 years after the eventual fall of the Moguls to this day Delhi remains an important Global Center for politics economics and culture and with more than 30 million people living in its urban area it is one of the most populated cities on the planet if you live in or have visited Delhi what is the best historical places to visit in the city and what are the best local foods to eat if you are feeling like an eyb back of our time please leave a like and a comment letting me know what you thought was interesting in the video and I would like to thank my Channel's patrons that help make videos like this possible this has been Epimetheus thank you so much for watching