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Understanding Hypercalcemia: Causes and Care
Sep 9, 2024
Hypercalcemia Lecture Notes
Introduction
Presenter: Sarah from Registered Nurse RN
Focus: Hypercalcemia
Previous video covered hypocalcemia
Key topics:
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Nursing Interventions
Mnemonics
Exam highlights (NCLEX)
Basics of Hypercalcemia
Definition
: Excessive calcium in the blood
Normal Calcium Levels
: 8.6 to 10 mg/dL
Levels > 10 indicate hypercalcemia
Role of Calcium
Functions
:
Bone and teeth health
Muscle and nerve function
Cell function and blood clotting
Absorption and Excretion
:
Absorbed in the GI system
Stored in bones
Excreted by kidneys
Vitamin D
: Helps in absorption of calcium
Phosphorus Relationship
: Inversely related to calcium
When phosphorus increases, calcium decreases and vice versa
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Mnemonic: "HI CAL"
H
: Hyperparathyroidism
I
: Increased intake of calcium/vitamin D
G
: Glucocorticoids suppress calcium absorption
H
: Hyperthyroidism
C
: Calcium excretion decreased (thiazide diuretics, renal failure, bone cancer)
A
: Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
L
: Lithium usage
Signs and Symptoms
Mnemonic: "The body is too WEAK"
W
: Weakness of muscles
E
: EKG changes (shortened QT interval)
A
: Absent reflexes, disorientation, abdominal distension
K
: Kidney stone formation
Nursing Interventions
Hydration
: Prevent kidney stones
Safety
: Prevent falls and fractures
Monitoring
:
Cardiac, GI, renal, and neuro status
EKG for shortened QT intervals
Flank or abdominal pain for kidney stones
Dietary Changes
:
Reduce calcium-rich foods (use mnemonic: "Young Sally's Calcium Serum Continues To Randomly Mess Up")
Yogurt, Sardines, Cheese, Spinach, Collard greens, Tofu, Rhubarb, Milk
Medication Adjustments
:
Consider stopping thiazide diuretics, calcium supplements, vitamin D
Moderate Cases
:
Drugs: Calcitonin, bisphosphonates, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors
Severe Cases
:
Dialysis
Conclusion
Visit Registered Nurse RN website for a quiz
Check out other videos on electrolyte imbalances
Subscribe to the YouTube channel for more content
📄
Full transcript