History of the European Union

Post-World War II Context

• Post-War Europe: Desire for peace and cooperation among European countries.
• Initial Discussions: Late 1940s ideas of a European Community began.

Formation of the First Union

• 1951: Formation of a union between six countries:
  • Belgium
  • Netherlands
  • Luxembourg
  • Italy
  • France
  • West Germany
• Purpose: Cooperation in coal and steel production to avoid future wars.

Creation of the European Economic Community (EEC)

• 1957: Establishment of EEC to facilitate trade in goods beyond coal and steel.
• Goals:
  • Promote ease of buying and selling goods.
  • Facilitate travel, living, and working across member countries.

Expansion and Membership

• Growing Interest: Other countries sought to join the EEC.
• Application Process: Existing members decide on new entrants.
  • UK Entry: Initially rejected twice, joined in 1973.

Enhancements to the EEC

• 1986 Single European Act:
  • Signed by UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.
  • Reduced trade barriers further.

Transformation into the European Union

• 1993 Maastricht Treaty:
  • Renamed EEC to European Union (EU).
  • Increased cooperation in defense and justice.
  • Economic integration plans.

Introduction of the Euro

• 2002 Launch:
  • Euro became the currency for 12 EU countries.
  • Exceptions: UK, Denmark, and Sweden retained their own currencies.

EU Enlargement

• 2004 Enlargement: Largest expansion with 10 new countries joining.
• Current Status: Nearly 30 member countries with ongoing debates over pros and cons of membership.

Challenges and Future Prospects

• Ongoing Debate: Advantages and disadvantages of EU membership.
• Future Challenges: Ensuring the EU functions effectively as it expands, benefiting its citizens.