Lecture on Art Deco and Art Nouveau

Overview

• Art Deco originated in France, evolving in the early 20th century.
• Culminated in 1925 with an exhibition in Paris.
• Art Nouveau preceded Art Deco, prominent from 1895 to 1910.

Art Nouveau

• Focused on nature and new design vocabularies.
• Emphasized the total work of art concept, integrating architecture, furniture, and decor.
• Its all-or-nothing embrace led to its decline.

Transition to Art Deco

• Art Deco embraced classicism, unlike Art Nouveau.
• German interest in industrial design influenced this shift.
• France focused on luxury goods, looking back to Empire style.

Influences and Characteristics

• Classical design elements incorporated, as seen in interiors by Lewis Sue for Paul Poiret.
• Intense colors and abstraction became a hallmark, known as "colorist."
• Influence of theater, dance (e.g., Ballet Russe), and exotic themes.

Key Designers and Influence

• Paul Poiret: Integrated classical inspiration in fashion and interiors. Collaborated with Raoul Dufy on textiles.
• Jean Levine: Worked with Reto on apartment design; mixed classical with ancient Greek influences.
• Ruhlmann and Dunand: Created lacquered and exotic-material furniture.

Art Deco Exhibition 1925

• The 1925 exhibition showcased Art Deco's peak.
• France focused on luxury and opulence, despite post-WWI economic struggles.
• America did not participate, feeling not modern enough.

Design Motifs and Materials

• Use of materials like ivory, exotic woods, lacquer, and fur.
• Influence from French colonies, particularly North Africa.
• Inspired by cubism and avant-garde art.

French Department Stores and Exhibitions

• Department stores like Bon Marche had unique pavilions showing exclusive furniture.
• Emphasis on high-quality, luxury materials and design.
• Art glass, geometric designs, and classic forms were prevalent.

Influence of Exoticism and Classicism

• Design incorporated African, classical, and cubist elements.
• The interplay of scale and proportion created unique modern aesthetics.

Modern Architecture and Design

• Exploration of modern building techniques and industrial materials.
• Designer Shiro exemplifies the mix of Art Deco with Bauhaus simplicity.
• Maison de Verre, a modern building with classic luxury interiors.

Conclusion

• Art Deco represented a blend of classical inspiration, avant-garde art, and luxury.
• It was a transitional style, marking a shift from the past to a modern, eclectic approach.