Lecture Notes: Structure of the Atom and Discovery of the Electron

Introduction

• Chapter: Spec in Data Structure of Atom
• Topic: Structure of the Atom

Discovery of the Atom's Structure

• Many scientists tried to determine the true nature of the atom.
• Various theories were proposed, but eventually, electrons were found in the outer orbit of the atom.

Introduction of Charge

• Electron: Negative Charge
• Proton: Positive Charge
• Neutron: Neutral

Discovery of the Electron

• Several experiments were conducted before the discovery of the electron.
• The cathode ray tube was used in the discovery of the electron.

Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

• A tube was used to rapidly channel gas.
• Within the tube, negative (cathode) and positive (anode) charges were introduced.
• To discover the electron, an electric field between the negative and positive charges was constructed.

Electric and Magnetic Field

• Electric Field: The area between positive and negative charges.
• Magnetic Field: To balance with the electric field.

Electron Behavior

• The discovery of the behavior of electrons revealed that they are independent of material.
• Due to their negative charge, electrons are attracted towards the positive field.

Important Conclusions

• The behavior of electrons was identified due to their negative charge.
• The speed and charge of electrons were studied using electric and magnetic fields.

Conclusion

• Scientists conducted various experiments to determine the charge and mass of electrons.
• The oil drop experiment determined the charge of the electron.

Further Discussion

• The next video will discuss the oil drop experiment.