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Motherboard Form Factors

Feb 17, 2025

Lecture Notes: Introduction to Motherboards

Motherboard Overview

  • The motherboard is the fundamental physical component in computers.
  • It generally contains:
    • CPU
    • Spaces for memory
    • Connectivity to power
    • Additional slots for system expansion
  • The entire process of using a computer begins and ends with the motherboard.

Motherboard Sizes and Layout

  • Different sizes available depending on requirements.
  • Basic layout includes:
    • CPU slots
    • Memory slots
    • Expansion slots
  • Variation in the number of expansion and memory slots based on motherboard size.
  • Power connectors are standardized for compatibility.

Choosing a Motherboard

  • Factors influencing motherboard choice:
    • Size of the computer case
    • Future expansion needs
    • Required airflow for system cooling
  • Over 40 different sizes/types exist, but only 2-3 are very popular.
  • Compatibility with different cases, with features and space being key differences.

Motherboard Application Examples

  • Full-size vs small form factor devices:
    • Full-size desktops have ample room for large motherboards.
    • Small form factors require smaller motherboards.
  • ComptiA exam focuses on selecting the right motherboard for specific tasks like media centers or thin clients.

Popular Motherboard Families

  • ATX Family

    • Standard in desktop computers, offering plenty of expansion and memory slots.
    • Advanced Technology Extended (ATX) standard since 1995.
    • Recent updates include 20-24 pin power connectors, with additional CPU power.
    • Example: Asus Maximus 7 Hero ATX motherboard.
  • ITX Family

    • Created by VIA Technologies in 2001 for small form factors.
    • Designed for small cases but can fit in larger ATX cases due to compatible screw holes.
    • Ideal for media centers and areas where space is limited.

Conclusion

  • Understanding the differences and applications of ATX and ITX motherboards is crucial for making informed decisions on computer builds and configurations.
  • Applying this knowledge to real-world scenarios enhances the ability to select the appropriate motherboard for specific needs and environments.