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Overview of VPC Endpoints
Jul 27, 2024
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Overview of VPC Endpoints
Agenda
Introduction to VPC Endpoints
Explanation of issues VPC Endpoints solve
Demonstration of creating and interacting with a VPC Endpoint from a Lambda function in a private subnet
Introduction to VPC Endpoints
Purpose
: Connect VPCs to various AWS services without utilizing the public internet.
The Problem without VPC Endpoints
Scenario: VPC with public and private subnets, EC2 instance in private subnet.
Issue
: EC2 instance cannot communicate with AWS services (e.g., S3) due to lack of outbound internet traffic.
Traditional Solution
Create NAT Gateway
: Network Address Translation to allow traffic to/from the internet.
Internet Gateway
: Default component for VPC allowing outbound internet traffic.
Traffic Flow
:
EC2 instance sends traffic to NAT Gateway β Internet Gateway β Public Internet β AWS Service (e.g., S3).
Return path follows the same route.
Issues
:
Cost
: NAT Gateways are expensive, charged hourly.
Security
: Traffic leaves AWS Cloud, potential vulnerabilities.
Reliability
: NAT Gateway as a single point of failure.
Solution: VPC Endpoints
No need for NAT Gateways
Stays within AWS Cloud for improved security
Steps
:
Create VPC Endpoint
: Specific to the AWS service (e.g., S3).
Security Groups
:
Associate security group with VPC endpoint.
Associate existing security group with EC2 instance or Lambda function.
Configure rules for mutual communication.
Example Steps
Create Security Groups
:
Security Group for VPC Endpoint.
Security Group for Lambda/EC2.
Configure Mutual Rules
:
VPC Security Group
: Allow inbound traffic from EC2/Lambda SG.
EC2 Security Group
: Allow outbound traffic to VPC SG.
DNS Host Resolution
: Ensure it's enabled in VPC settings.
Demonstration of VPC Endpoint Setup
Prerequisites
:
VPC with private subnet.
Default VPC can be used for walkthrough.
Steps in AWS Console
Create Security Groups
:
VPC Endpoint SG
: Blank inbound/outbound rules initially.
Lambda SG
: Blank inbound/outbound rules initially.
Create VPC Endpoint
:
Select appropriate AWS service (e.g., Step Functions).
Assign to private subnet.
Associate with the created security group.
Create Lambda Function
:
Associate with private subnet & security group.
Test function to ensure connectivity.
Modify Security Group Rules
:
VPC Endpoint SG
: Allow all traffic from Lambda SG.
Lambda SG
: Allow all traffic to VPC Endpoint SG.
Testing & Validation
Initial Test
: Without rules, expect a timeout error.
After Rule Changes
: Validate connectivity with expected AWS service errors.
Conclusion
VPC Endpoints simplify connectivity within the AWS Cloud.
Ensure proper DNS resolution and security group configuration.
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