Comparison of Ginsburg and Super Theories

Good evening everyone, it's Coach Jen with Academic Coaching for World Changers and today I'm going to do a short on Ginsburg et al. versus Super and their slight differences. So just a disclaimer, this video isn't an all-inclusive video that will include everything Ginsburg and definitely not everything Super. Super is one of those big guys that you have to study in his entirety to pass the NCE. This is just a short. So without further ado, let me pull up what we're going to go over today. Right. So as I mentioned, we are going to go over Ginsberg et al or Ginsberg, Ginsberg, Axelrod and Herma versus Super. Before we get started, this is just to mention that Super borrowed a lot from Ginsberg. So a lot of the information that I'll be sharing will like align. Some of the words will be the same with Ginsberg and Super because, again, Super borrowed a lot from Ginsberg. Just before we get started, more information about booking sessions can be found here with Academic Coaching for World Changers. And thank you all for tuning in with us. So to the meat and potatoes of why we are here, Ginsburg et al. versus Donald Super. So both Ginsburg and Super are two very influential theorists in the career development field. Each proposed a theory to explain how individuals choose their careers, focusing on different stages and processes involved with career development. So as I said, some of the vocabulary like crystallization and fantasy, some of fantasy will be heard in some of what I explained about super simply because super borrowed a lot from Ginsburg and Ginsburg et al. And if you see on your NCE. Ginsburg et al. It just means Ginsburg, Ginsburg, Axelrod, and Herma. It just means that team of people, pretty much. So Ginsburg, or Eli Ginsburg, Career Development Theory. So he has stages of career development. His stages are pretty simplistic. I'm going to try not to read from the slide. I'm going to give you like a quick rundown, quick Jennifer Chavez rundown of Ginsburg et al. So he has or his team has three stages. They have the fantasy stage, which is like from birth up to about age 11. They also have the tentative stage, which is 11 to 17, and the realistic stage, which is 17 and beyond. So I'm saying all that to say, Ginsburg's theory is stage-based and suggests that career development occurs in those three distinct stages. So pretty much what Ginsburg and his team says is that we learn about careers very early in life. as early as like early childhood. The difference is when we are in early childhood, in that fantasy phase, we learn about careers in a very fantasy style way. We're not out here, you know, looking at how much someone makes in that career field, or will I have to wear uniform, or will I be on the cash register? So we're not really looking at that in the fantasy stage. It's more so like exposure. So in the fantasy stage, choices are made without regard to skills, ability, and avail- and or available job opportunities. So when I think of that, I think of when I was an elementary school teacher, preschool teacher as well, they were exposed to careers via like the play centers, like dramatic play, where there was a cash register. They learned about like cash register and paying for food and learning how to be a mom. And they had baby dolls. They had different community helpers in the play centers when kids are growing up. So that's like a very an introduction to careers pretty much. As they get older, we see things like career day, people coming in and doing things for elementary school age children, telling them about the career and what happens during their work day. And kids from there can make judgment about what it is they want to do. So you'll have some kids say, I want to become a cop or a teacher or whatever the case is based on what they are exposed to. So that's that fantasy stage. The tentative stage from 11 to 17. So their choices are made based on interest, abilities, and values. So I always use the example when I'm working with my cohort. By 11, like middle school, especially way back in the day, like when Ginsburg was practicing, they had to have some realistic idea. And I hate to use the word realistic because that speaks to the next stage. But they had to have some idea of what it is they wanted to do in a career. Even today, we see kids making these tentative Choices about what career field they want to be in. And as I was mentioning, I use the example often of kids wanting to go to the NBA or NFL and they make these tentative choices based on their interests. Right. So if I am a five foot four boy and my dream is to or my career choices to go into the NBA, I might be rethinking my career choice because I might not. have that ability to be able to go into the NBA. The same could be said for someone who isn't like, they don't like school. My ability may not be there. So they begin to like make these tentative choices and then they shift and move in shape depending on where it is they want to end up. So our interests are peaked. We look at our abilities and we also look at value. So even as young as like 11, 12, they're looking at how my mom will value it. it, how my family will value it, how much money I'll make. So they're looking at all those things and making tentative choices. In the realistic phase, they are ages 17 and older. So their choices are narrowed down and become more focused after exploring options. So at that point, they have to, again, make a more realistic choice as to what it is they want to do. And from there, they begin to act. act in the, do the career itself or work towards the job or the career they desire to go into. There's more than just exposure. There's the act of doing. And then from there, they move on throughout the career process. So Ginsburg et al stopped at the realistic phase. They didn't go as in-depth as Super. And we'll see that when we go through Super. So some of the key concepts of Ginsburg. Ginsburg viewed career development as a process that is completed by the time an individual reaches their early 20s. So we'll see a stark difference between Ginsburg and Super because Super believed we went beyond that. He believed that career was a lifelong process. Ginsburg emphasized that early career choices are revised and evaluated as individuals mature and gain information. Some critiques and limitations about Ginsburg. Ginsburg later acknowledged that career development is a lifelong process and not limited to early childhood. So initially, he was all about he and his team were all about these three stages. And then as we learn about people, we learn about different stages and different environments that people are in. He began to shift the way he was thinking. So that's Ginsburg in a nutshell. I do want to mention that our developmentalists or our ages and stages people. You need to know them in order. So it's important to know fantasy is first, tentative is second, and realistic is third, as well as some of those key concepts we went over are important to know. Donald Super, he refers to lifespan, life space theory, pretty much the stages of development. So Super proposed a more extensive model suggesting that career development is a lifelong process. His stages include... And if you've worked with Dr. Pam, you've heard her say G-E-M-D. Remember, our developmentalists are super important. You have to know these in order. So if that's a mnemonic device that can help you remember it, go for it. But growth stage, up to 14 years old. So from birth up to about 14 years old. The developing self-concept, which is one of the hugest differences between Ginsburg and super. They're developing self-concept, their attitudes, needs, and a general world of work. So again, fantasy and growth stage kind of has some of the same things going on. However, self-concept is one of the things that is specific to super. And they begin to develop their self-concept in their mid to late teens. So exploratory phase from 15 to 24, trying out things. through classes, work experiences, and hobbies. Sounds like tentative, right? Because it's some of the same things going on. So they're trying out their ideas through going to class or going to school and learning about the career, getting these jobs to help them understand what goes into the career or the job that they decide to do. And then hobbies as well. The establishment stage, 25 to 44, they're entering the workforce and making their mark. So super was huge on that. By the time someone is 25, they need to be in the workforce. And if you think back to 70 plus years ago, which was when Super came up with his career theory, a lot of 25 year old white men had families at that point. So they needed to be in the workforce so they were able to care for their families. So entering the workforce and making one's mark is that stage. And that goes on from 25 to about 44. The 45 to 65 stage, the maintenance stage. Continuing established career, possibly updating skills. So those are your folks that are going to school, taking classes, or they're climbing the hierarchy in their company, becoming the general manager, or they're doing the work they're paid to do until it's time to retire. So it's a lot of like continual things going on in the path to success. And then the decline stage, 65 plus. preparing for living for and living in retirement. So preparing for and living in retirement. So decline was actually declined initially, and then they changed it to disengagement. Simply because people didn't just go to work, start working at 25, and then go through the 45 to 65 maintenance stage. And then at 65, they went home and retired. That wasn't a realistic thing for everyone. So super began to realize that decline... wasn't an actual stage that fit everyone, the whole person. So he changed it later from decline to disengagement simply because of that. So some key concepts about Donald's super lifespan. Career development is a lifelong process. Again, he looked at the whole person and began to change the way he initially thought. Lifespace. individuals have different roles that impact their career choices. So depending on where we are in life, whether we're a student, a leisureite, or a worker, our life space and where we are in life is kind of going to drive that ship, our career ship pretty much, where we decide we want to end up. And self-concept, again, one of the hugest differences between the two is career maturity and readiness to make decisions are important. So application of super. Super's theory allows for changes over time and recognizes that individuals may cycle through these stages multiple times throughout their life. And that's why he changed that decline to disengagement. Simply because, again, not everyone was able or is able to retire. Some of us take on encore careers, which is another term you'll need for the NCE. And what an encore career is, it's a career that someone takes on. after they retired from their job, that is a completely different job than the job they retired from. Award salad, I know, but if you think of like the service members or the military members who retire from the military after 20 years, and then they go on to become Walmart greeters or something completely different than the military, that's an encore career. So the comparison between the two, flexibility. Super's theory is more flexible, as we can see, accommodating changes throughout an individual's life, while Ginsburg's theory initially suggested a more rigid linear progression that concluded in early childhood. So Super went through the lifespan from birth to 65. Ginsburg kind of went from birth to about early 20s. And that's where his theory toppled out. Lifelong process. Super emphasized the career, that career development. is a lifelong process, whereas Ginsburg's original model ended in their early 20s. And then life roles. Super introduced the concept of life roles and how they interplay with career development and perspective not detailed in Ginsburg's model. So as you are learning about Super, you will see Super's rainbow theory or career umbrella rainbow theory, where we have the eight roles that we play in life. And the four spaces we play them in. So this is a short. We won't go into it. But do study that piece of Supers career theory. So in conclusion, both Ginsburg and Super made significant contributions to understanding career development. Ginsburg theory laid the groundwork for thinking about career development in stages, while Super expanded this to a more comprehensive and flexible lifelong process that accounts for various roles people play at different stages in their lives. So that's Super and Ginsburg in a nutshell. Here's a practice question. Give you a second to read it, and then I'll give you the answer with the explanation. So which of the following best describes a key difference between Ginsburg et al. and Donald Super's career theories? A. Ginsburg et al. focused on stages. while super focused on self-concept. Ginsburg et al. Emphasized compromise, while super emphasized career maturity. And Ginsburg et al. Focused on childhood, while super focused on adulthood. And then Ginsburg et al. Emphasized interest, while super emphasized abilities. So if we were in test day, we could use the process of elimination. Ginsburg et al. emphasize compromise while super emphasize career maturity we can eliminate that because compromise more aligns with who if you said Linda Gottfriedson you'd be correct so we would cross the beat out Ginsburg et al focused on childhood while super focused on adulthood if we were betting people we can cross that out as well because super And Ginsburg both went from childhood to adulthood. However, Ginsburg stopped in the mid-20s, super went through the lifetime. So we can cross that out because that's inaccurate. Then the last one that we're going to eliminate because we've got it down to two, which is A and D. Ginsburg and Al emphasized interests while super emphasized abilities. We can cross that out because we both we know that both theorists had. a lot of the same concepts and ideas, which included interest and abilities. But there were, again, some differences. So we can cross that out. And A would be the answer. So hopefully, you got that correct. So if you have any questions about booking with Dr. Pam or about booking with me or any of our other amazing coaches, here is the email right up here. Thank you for being a world changer and I will see you in the next video. Bye.

This is just a short. So without further ado, let me pull up what we're going to go over today. Right.

So as I mentioned, we are going to go over Ginsberg et al or Ginsberg, Ginsberg, Axelrod and Herma versus Super. Before we get started, this is just to mention that Super borrowed a lot from Ginsberg. So a lot of the information that I'll be sharing will like align.

Some of the words will be the same with Ginsberg and Super because, again, Super borrowed a lot from Ginsberg. Just before we get started, more information about booking sessions can be found here with Academic Coaching for World Changers. And thank you all for tuning in with us. So to the meat and potatoes of why we are here, Ginsburg et al. versus Donald Super. So both Ginsburg and Super are two very influential theorists in the career development field.

Each proposed a theory to explain how individuals choose their careers, focusing on different stages and processes involved with career development. So as I said, some of the vocabulary like crystallization and fantasy, some of fantasy will be heard in some of what I explained about super simply because super borrowed a lot from Ginsburg and Ginsburg et al. And if you see on your NCE.

Ginsburg et al. It just means Ginsburg, Ginsburg, Axelrod, and Herma. It just means that team of people, pretty much.

So Ginsburg, or Eli Ginsburg, Career Development Theory. So he has stages of career development. His stages are pretty simplistic.

I'm going to try not to read from the slide. I'm going to give you like a quick rundown, quick Jennifer Chavez rundown of Ginsburg et al. So he has or his team has three stages. They have the fantasy stage, which is like from birth up to about age 11. They also have the tentative stage, which is 11 to 17, and the realistic stage, which is 17 and beyond. So I'm saying all that to say, Ginsburg's theory is stage-based and suggests that career development occurs in those three distinct stages.

So pretty much what Ginsburg and his team says is that we learn about careers very early in life. as early as like early childhood. The difference is when we are in early childhood, in that fantasy phase, we learn about careers in a very fantasy style way. We're not out here, you know, looking at how much someone makes in that career field, or will I have to wear uniform, or will I be on the cash register? So we're not really looking at that in the fantasy stage.

It's more so like exposure. So in the fantasy stage, choices are made without regard to skills, ability, and avail- and or available job opportunities. So when I think of that, I think of when I was an elementary school teacher, preschool teacher as well, they were exposed to careers via like the play centers, like dramatic play, where there was a cash register.

They learned about like cash register and paying for food and learning how to be a mom. And they had baby dolls. They had different community helpers in the play centers when kids are growing up.

So that's like a very an introduction to careers pretty much. As they get older, we see things like career day, people coming in and doing things for elementary school age children, telling them about the career and what happens during their work day. And kids from there can make judgment about what it is they want to do. So you'll have some kids say, I want to become a cop or a teacher or whatever the case is based on what they are exposed to. So that's that fantasy stage.

The tentative stage from 11 to 17. So their choices are made based on interest, abilities, and values. So I always use the example when I'm working with my cohort. By 11, like middle school, especially way back in the day, like when Ginsburg was practicing, they had to have some realistic idea. And I hate to use the word realistic because that speaks to the next stage. But they had to have some idea of what it is they wanted to do in a career.

Even today, we see kids making these tentative Choices about what career field they want to be in. And as I was mentioning, I use the example often of kids wanting to go to the NBA or NFL and they make these tentative choices based on their interests. Right. So if I am a five foot four boy and my dream is to or my career choices to go into the NBA, I might be rethinking my career choice because I might not. have that ability to be able to go into the NBA.

The same could be said for someone who isn't like, they don't like school. My ability may not be there. So they begin to like make these tentative choices and then they shift and move in shape depending on where it is they want to end up. So our interests are peaked. We look at our abilities and we also look at value.

So even as young as like 11, 12, they're looking at how my mom will value it. it, how my family will value it, how much money I'll make. So they're looking at all those things and making tentative choices.

In the realistic phase, they are ages 17 and older. So their choices are narrowed down and become more focused after exploring options. So at that point, they have to, again, make a more realistic choice as to what it is they want to do.

And from there, they begin to act. act in the, do the career itself or work towards the job or the career they desire to go into. There's more than just exposure.

There's the act of doing. And then from there, they move on throughout the career process. So Ginsburg et al stopped at the realistic phase. They didn't go as in-depth as Super. And we'll see that when we go through Super.

So some of the key concepts of Ginsburg. Ginsburg viewed career development as a process that is completed by the time an individual reaches their early 20s. So we'll see a stark difference between Ginsburg and Super because Super believed we went beyond that. He believed that career was a lifelong process.

Ginsburg emphasized that early career choices are revised and evaluated as individuals mature and gain information. Some critiques and limitations about Ginsburg. Ginsburg later acknowledged that career development is a lifelong process and not limited to early childhood.

So initially, he was all about he and his team were all about these three stages. And then as we learn about people, we learn about different stages and different environments that people are in. He began to shift the way he was thinking. So that's Ginsburg in a nutshell. I do want to mention that our developmentalists or our ages and stages people.

You need to know them in order. So it's important to know fantasy is first, tentative is second, and realistic is third, as well as some of those key concepts we went over are important to know. Donald Super, he refers to lifespan, life space theory, pretty much the stages of development. So Super proposed a more extensive model suggesting that career development is a lifelong process. His stages include...

And if you've worked with Dr. Pam, you've heard her say G-E-M-D. Remember, our developmentalists are super important. You have to know these in order. So if that's a mnemonic device that can help you remember it, go for it.

But growth stage, up to 14 years old. So from birth up to about 14 years old. The developing self-concept, which is one of the hugest differences between Ginsburg and super. They're developing self-concept, their attitudes, needs, and a general world of work. So again, fantasy and growth stage kind of has some of the same things going on.

However, self-concept is one of the things that is specific to super. And they begin to develop their self-concept in their mid to late teens. So exploratory phase from 15 to 24, trying out things.

through classes, work experiences, and hobbies. Sounds like tentative, right? Because it's some of the same things going on.

So they're trying out their ideas through going to class or going to school and learning about the career, getting these jobs to help them understand what goes into the career or the job that they decide to do. And then hobbies as well. The establishment stage, 25 to 44, they're entering the workforce and making their mark.

So super was huge on that. By the time someone is 25, they need to be in the workforce. And if you think back to 70 plus years ago, which was when Super came up with his career theory, a lot of 25 year old white men had families at that point. So they needed to be in the workforce so they were able to care for their families.

So entering the workforce and making one's mark is that stage. And that goes on from 25 to about 44. The 45 to 65 stage, the maintenance stage. Continuing established career, possibly updating skills.

So those are your folks that are going to school, taking classes, or they're climbing the hierarchy in their company, becoming the general manager, or they're doing the work they're paid to do until it's time to retire. So it's a lot of like continual things going on in the path to success. And then the decline stage, 65 plus. preparing for living for and living in retirement.

So preparing for and living in retirement. So decline was actually declined initially, and then they changed it to disengagement. Simply because people didn't just go to work, start working at 25, and then go through the 45 to 65 maintenance stage. And then at 65, they went home and retired.

That wasn't a realistic thing for everyone. So super began to realize that decline... wasn't an actual stage that fit everyone, the whole person.

So he changed it later from decline to disengagement simply because of that. So some key concepts about Donald's super lifespan. Career development is a lifelong process. Again, he looked at the whole person and began to change the way he initially thought. Lifespace.

individuals have different roles that impact their career choices. So depending on where we are in life, whether we're a student, a leisureite, or a worker, our life space and where we are in life is kind of going to drive that ship, our career ship pretty much, where we decide we want to end up. And self-concept, again, one of the hugest differences between the two is career maturity and readiness to make decisions are important.

So application of super. Super's theory allows for changes over time and recognizes that individuals may cycle through these stages multiple times throughout their life. And that's why he changed that decline to disengagement. Simply because, again, not everyone was able or is able to retire.

Some of us take on encore careers, which is another term you'll need for the NCE. And what an encore career is, it's a career that someone takes on. after they retired from their job, that is a completely different job than the job they retired from.

Award salad, I know, but if you think of like the service members or the military members who retire from the military after 20 years, and then they go on to become Walmart greeters or something completely different than the military, that's an encore career. So the comparison between the two, flexibility. Super's theory is more flexible, as we can see, accommodating changes throughout an individual's life, while Ginsburg's theory initially suggested a more rigid linear progression that concluded in early childhood.

So Super went through the lifespan from birth to 65. Ginsburg kind of went from birth to about early 20s. And that's where his theory toppled out. Lifelong process.

Super emphasized the career, that career development. is a lifelong process, whereas Ginsburg's original model ended in their early 20s. And then life roles. Super introduced the concept of life roles and how they interplay with career development and perspective not detailed in Ginsburg's model.

So as you are learning about Super, you will see Super's rainbow theory or career umbrella rainbow theory, where we have the eight roles that we play in life. And the four spaces we play them in. So this is a short.

We won't go into it. But do study that piece of Supers career theory. So in conclusion, both Ginsburg and Super made significant contributions to understanding career development. Ginsburg theory laid the groundwork for thinking about career development in stages, while Super expanded this to a more comprehensive and flexible lifelong process that accounts for various roles people play at different stages in their lives.

So that's Super and Ginsburg in a nutshell. Here's a practice question. Give you a second to read it, and then I'll give you the answer with the explanation. So which of the following best describes a key difference between Ginsburg et al. and Donald Super's career theories? A.

Ginsburg et al. focused on stages. while super focused on self-concept. Ginsburg et al.

Emphasized compromise, while super emphasized career maturity. And Ginsburg et al. Focused on childhood, while super focused on adulthood. And then Ginsburg et al.

Emphasized interest, while super emphasized abilities. So if we were in test day, we could use the process of elimination. Ginsburg et al. emphasize compromise while super emphasize career maturity we can eliminate that because compromise more aligns with who if you said Linda Gottfriedson you'd be correct so we would cross the beat out Ginsburg et al focused on childhood while super focused on adulthood if we were betting people we can cross that out as well because super And Ginsburg both went from childhood to adulthood. However, Ginsburg stopped in the mid-20s, super went through the lifetime. So we can cross that out because that's inaccurate.

Then the last one that we're going to eliminate because we've got it down to two, which is A and D. Ginsburg and Al emphasized interests while super emphasized abilities. We can cross that out because we both we know that both theorists had. a lot of the same concepts and ideas, which included interest and abilities. But there were, again, some differences.

So we can cross that out. And A would be the answer. So hopefully, you got that correct.

So if you have any questions about booking with Dr. Pam or about booking with me or any of our other amazing coaches, here is the email right up here. Thank you for being a world changer and I will see you in the next video. Bye.

Transcript for:Comparison of Ginsburg and Super Theories

Transcript for:
Comparison of Ginsburg and Super Theories