Overview
This lecture introduces trait leadership theory, exploring its development, major traits identified in leaders, the role of sociability, and the strengths and weaknesses of the approach.
Introduction to Trait Leadership Theory
- Trait leadership theory, also called the Great Man Theory, focuses on innate qualities or characteristics leaders possess.
- Traits are generally inherent, relatively unchanging attributes that distinguish individuals.
- Early research aimed to identify which traits separate leaders from non-leaders.
Evolution of Trait Theory
- Early studies believed specific traits guaranteed leadership; if you had them, you were a leader.
- In 1948, Stogdill found that traits alone don't define leaders; the situation also plays a crucial role.
- By 1974, research merged traits and situations, recognizing both as important for leadership effectiveness.
- Stogdill identified 10 important leadership traits such as responsibility, persistence, self-confidence, and influence on others.
Modern Key Leadership Traits
- Research now emphasizes five main traits: intelligence, self-confidence, determination (grit), integrity, and sociability.
- Of these, sociability (ability to interact positively with others) is the only trait shown to reliably improve leadership effectiveness.
- Sociability is linked to extroversion and often described as positivity in other frameworks (e.g., Gallup Strengthsfinder).
The Role and Importance of Emotional Intelligence
- Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others.
- High emotional intelligence enhances sociability and leadership effectiveness.
How Trait Theory Works in Practice
- Organizations use trait theory to match individuals with roles that fit their inherent strengths.
- Self-awareness of personal traits helps leaders select situations where they can be most effective.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Trait Theory
- Strengths: Intuitive appeal, biblical support, backed by research, and provides predictability in role assignments.
- Weakness: Outward appearance can be deceptive; real leadership traits are more about inward qualities like heart and character.
Additional Major Leadership Traits (Kilpatrick & Locke)
- Six key traits: drive, motivation, integrity, confidence, cognitive ability, and task knowledge.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Trait — A distinctive, relatively stable personal characteristic.
- Trait Leadership Theory — The idea that certain inherited traits distinguish leaders from non-leaders.
- Sociability — The ability to interact effectively and positively with others.
- Emotional Intelligence — Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions in oneself and relationships.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Reflect on which leadership traits you naturally possess and how they fit with your current role.
- Prepare for an upcoming session focused on emotional intelligence.
- Consider reading about trait theory in Northouse, 9th edition (2021).