hello can you hear me now there we go now it's working ah anybody else hear me just want to make sure y'all can hear me somebody say they can hear me all right thank you very much sorry about that guys I had to fix a setting so I apologize and uh that's a karma i spilt my soda all over my desk so you know that was fun so anyways I will try to have this done before 8:30 since some of you guys are flexing your bedtimes and I you know I hate for that to be a problem for you guys I'll be checking the chat for those that don't are in here normally you can ask me questions and we'll go from there hey what's up a mom all right so the principals I'm just gonna tell you the little tricks to remembering each thing I'm not gonna go everything look I'm not reading this thing word-for-word and then I have questions like I have a practice question so we can work with and everything like that so for each subject if you guys feel like you want to just in practice so casino the govern this is the one that's kind of outdated here this is so from now that's just the one where it's kind like a contract we will give you will give up some of our power and in return you're gonna protect us so we'll follow your rules and in return you have to make sure we have roads or we have an army to protect us so that's consent the government let me take government most you guys do a pretty good job of remembering not all-powerful but this is the part they'd like to use they only do the things people give it at the power do so they can only do what we say they can do like they cannot run a tank just through a bunch of innocent people just because they don't they feel like it against the rules rule of law everybody's gotta follow the same rules whether you're famous or bum doesn't matter everybody's got false thing same thing people roles democracy that one's pretty straightforward you're looking for people have the power for democracy and this one you're looking for something where it says elect and officeholders there's basically they're gonna try and get around saying the word representative so they're saying there's somebody there that's there for you in your place the documents now this one's actually old this one needs to add the Magna Carta like I said there's a little bit outdated so my a what I was telling my students watch it the charge for the generator company in London anytime you see the word English English London English London because London's capital of England you know it's this one but now with Magna Carta there might be another one that says England or English so if it's Magna Carta though you're looking for the key word of King because they know they forced a king saying like hey you're doing messed up stuff we gotta make sure you know we're not being jerks and the King had to give up some of his powers and had to agree to some stipulations so that's the difference between those two the Virginia Declaration of Rights served as a model for the Bill of Rights right right right see how they both have rights right there right right declaration independence I'll come back to that one guys makes that one with constitutional time the other Confederation for the most part they're gonna try and get you to remember that's the first form of government if they go a little bit deeper states have the power national government had none essentially those states could do what everyone it was not very good if you missed this one well good luck the Virginia statute for religious freedom state of freedom religious beliefs I don't know what to tell you it says it in the title so do i Declaration of Independence and the Constitution in my opinion if you ever get stuck this is the answer to guess right here US Constitution because we're gonna keep coming back to it because it provides the structure of our United States government it is our law document like everything has to follow this thing while the Declaration of Independence basically saved the grievances grier the fates way of saying problems that we have with the king like you know you're taxing us too much believe it or not thicker independence declared our independence well so that's given certain unalienable right ain't on alienable rights life liberty pursuit of happiness whereas down here and then this is the one key part here is the idea that all people are equal so this is one where they just said hey everybody should be equal or the constitution affirmed individual Worth and dignity of all people this is where we start seeing put into law that maybe all people should be equal guaranteed equality under law with majority rule might already protect it and the Constitution's got our Bill of Rights all those amendments our freedoms in it all right if you can't what that makes no sense right grievances is not the charters Justin no feds just being corny got it alright preamble beginning of the Constitution its it is where we stated the goals and purposes so these six things are the basically the goals of our country so short form perfect Union States work together establish justice we have courts to make sure we decide things domestic tranquility we want to keep the peace here in our country primarily you know use like police and things like that common defense we're gonna have a military to protect us general welfare hospitals firefighters things that you know are for our safety and well-being skill blessing of Liberty make sure we have our freedoms well support line is we the people because it's saying that the power comes from the people Constitution amending it so the process is pretty hard complex is the exact word there's 27 amendments we can amend both the United States Constitution and our Virginia Constitution so the amendment process for the United States Constitution is two-thirds proposal action by Congress or convention and then to ratify we need three-fourths of the state's for Virginia we need two-thirds of General Assembly or convention they're gonna stick with this one and then ratify it ratified fancy was saying approve three-fourths of the voters or us the people Wow all right gonna keep going hopefully you guys I am reading the chat like reading through all the randomness so if you have an honest question let me know and I'll make sure I get to it okay so a citizen individual certain rights and duties under government first by choice so you know we go here and you're loyal to it fourteenth amendments the citizenship amendment stating the way to become a system is by birth or naturalization so birth means you were born here or birth by blood meaning you could have been born on vacation but you're still assistant could your parents work for naturalization you went through the process because of immigration naturalization our country is much more diverse diverse just being a fancy way of saying different so to become a citizen we talked about it in class you gotta sign up you know wait five years three years if you marry an American citizen you have to know basic American history and government you have to be able to read write and speak English at the very end you take something called the oath of allegiance so then we get to the First Amendment I think these are pretty easy religion be whatever religion you want to be and be involved with government speech you can say what you want as long as it's not endangering anyone else meaning you know threatening them or causing them not be safe the media the press the media has a right to publish anything as long as it's true even if it's criticizing the government assembly you can peacefully gather I mean you can get together and as long as it's peaceful you're good petition this is your right to make your you know to complain to protest to put it out there it is manager rating but I'm gonna get to that but I'm just not there yet but chad is i got to start blocking people and chat all right let's do this there we go um a beam are they going to word it the same way as you taught us I'm assuming you mean with like the different freedoms for the most part yes like these are the exact words right here peacefully gather that's what they're gonna say petition to protest to complain that's you know they probably say the word protest or you know you could they're gonna do something like you've got a bunch of signatures and send it off to let them know hey we don't like what you're doing if I didn't answer your question of you know let me know we'll come back to the 14th amendment later with the courts so Civic Duty's there's only four of them this one just got messed up you can I gotta obey law it's me to go drive the speed limit and such on so you can't like just do whatever you feel like it you got to pay taxes so you have to pay your taxes once you're an adult served in the Armed Forces if called so if there was a draft you would have to go and you have to serve on a jury if you're called in or you can act as a witness one of the two you have to go if you're one of those if you don't do it you'll face legal consequences so it's the fancy way of saying you're gonna go to jail or get in trouble and if you guys stop acting up over there I will turn off some of you have to obey loss I know it got messed up obey loss just got messed up it's a typo so those are the things you have to do what about the things that you should do so civic responsibilities are my choice meaning they are voluntary civic duties are mandatory you have to all right so responsibilities you should vote should register and vote you should try and hold elective office if you want jury is not a responsibility jury is definitely a duty you should communicate with the government if you're not liking what they're doing so writing my letters write them up on social media serving voluntary appointing government positions so this would be like if you are hired to be a chair or something or you know if the president said I want you to be my secretary of state that's an appointed position participate in political campaigns this could be something as simple as wearing a button or making phone calls for someone keeping in foreign watching the news so that might do like I'm trying to think of what they could do for an example of each in case you're wondering why I keep saying the different things and respecting others voice meaning just listen to each other don't be a jerk democratic society requires active participation so look right here volunteer support democratic institutions there could be a wide range of it they specifically list this one they love to use this one so like League of Women Voters essentially it's just a group of women who encourage people to vote they're encouraged people to participate in democracy so that's what a democratic institution is don't overthink it is just people participating in making our country work Zana but duty is the thing you have to do you'll face legal consequences if you don't do it our responsibilities the thing you should do you won't get in trouble but it's one of those things that makes our country better if you do it you should express concern about the safety this is the really the main one right here if they're gonna pick one from this they're gonna go right here that you should volunteer support democratic institutions like encourage people to participate in democracy being good citizen I'm gonna fly through this trustworthy honesty being honest thing making sure you you know you trust people curse you respect be nice to each other responsibility counted self-reliance like be able do the things you're supposed to you know hold yourself if you don't do it make sure you hold yourself accountable meaning that make sure you take credit for what you do good or bad self-reliance do it on your own respect for law pretty straightforward patriotism you know you're slipping the flag or you're doing the Pledge of Allegiance that's patriotism participation school or community participation elections how can you have a victim participation civic life ask questions give a position get your information from a variety or multiple sources meaning just don't get your version just from one person or one thing following a plan and thoughtful decision making I have not seen this stuff really on there I will say usually there's one question from here make it through just take your time no any paper you write on Anissa we take and collect so again my advice is I told my students for the people who are not in my class when you're it when you get in there and they give you that piece of paper that's your paper you can do whatever you want with it and I would write down like if you know you're struggling with a subject I would write that part down and then that way you can just keep going and then eventually you know if you forgot it or if you struggle later you have it right there sitting next to you I political parties functions now we did a whole PowerPoint on this so hopefully you guys are good critic nominated kimdax I choose You Pikachu selection educating the electorate this is like passing out like brochure saying like hey this is what this candidate wants to do helping him win spray straightforward monitoring actions of office holders is watchdog most you remember watchdog so we have a two-party system their party's really win whether similarities while they both want to win they both influence public policy public policies a fancy way of saying our laws they're both influence our loss they both reflect liberal conservative views of the two different viewpoints liberals usually Democrat conservatives usually Republican and they both define themselves in a way them in when the majority support by peelings of center meaning remember that we did a giant bar and like you could have you know really super liberal really super serve they're not gonna win the more likely you are towards the middle because that's where most of America is there in the middle I will turn off slow-mo now that way I want to make sure people who can ask me Commissioner of Revenue bina is going to be in the local government we're gonna get to that okay the only difference between parties is stated in the platform so the Commissioner ever is not the treasurer no they're not the same thing so the only difference is in their platform basically their issue so they both work the same way they just have different ideas on how to fix the country third party's their main job is to introduce new ideas or push for one issue they usually revolve around a political personality somebody famous like a Theodore Roosevelt or something like that um no no you're thinking of like the types of economies I will get to the op-eds actually in the next section Justin so voter we should evaluate information make sure we're getting it good so what do we have to do so this is these four are the things that we have to do right here these are what we have to do when we're watching the news we should separate fact from opinion we should detect bias meaning we should look for a favoritism make sure they're not shown playing favorites we should evaluate our sources make sure we're getting our information from good places we should identify propaganda that's stuff meant to make you think something so this pictures making you think that the rubble Republicans are stomping on the Democrats or the Democrats are kicking the Republicans tail this is propaganda literally right here Chataway left of this no no anyways Foca no order mass meter rolls so the media's job is to identify the candidates point him out to us emphasize or focus our attention on certain issues usually they have three things of how they did this they write editorials they create little cryptic political cartoons or published op-ed so editorials are basically their news articles both research information and things like that great political cartoons just like this one up here is also a political cartoon be a form of propaganda where they have an image that makes you think a certain way op-ed once it goes opinion editorials the they're usually submitted by other people and that usually they can work for the newspaper but they don't always its where somebody basically can give their opinion and they print it it's an op-ed meaning they're just it's an editorial with there's an obvious slanted view they're giving their opinion about something so you're not expecting exactly down the middle report propaganda and political cartoons can be the same thing so this is propaganda this is also a political cartoon let me show you famous propaganda so take a look at this picture so this is Betsy I thought I left my stream for a second this is Betsy you know like not Betsy Ross oh wow I would have been really bad ah shoot I should know her name and I'm blanking but anyways she's literally just during World War two they were trying to tell woman hey we need you in the factories to help us we can do it right there's no political cartoon here but this is definitely propaganda they're trying to say like you know women we got strength we can do this okay well I might put some low back on them so there is a difference between propaganda and political cartoons they're not always the same thing but they can be the same thing if that makes sense well we got to know propaganda Fisher and detect what is going against what they will and may do fold a ninja is put a picture up there and say what is the point of this image or cartoon so yes they they might do something like that it doesn't mean it's going against it but like what is this picture trying to tell you to do you had those in fact on your practice as well so that means they have done it before who said no no no what I don't understand what the nose for all right so back to this and broadcasting their points of view of the Bose will give equal time to both sides Rosie the Riveter oh my goodness I can't believe I forgot that good pull good pull I blink for a second guys I'm sorry so campaign costs it's expensive so who has an advantage the wealthy because it costs so much money we got to keep doing more and more fundraising activities and it basically limits the amount of chances everybody else gets limits opportunities this has led to PACs which are basically here here's a bunch of money we're going to throw at you they just raise money for a candidate and more influence of interest groups these are gonna be more like where they have a specific interest such as you have the NRA where they care about gun rights or you have like PETA where they care about animal rights they're gonna give money to candidates that favor their opinions lowest fares available or your money back and answer is no being a they will not I guarantee that's not on that's not on our school standards so a pack they usually have like some random random name like Americans for a better tomorrow you don't know what that's about it doesn't tell you anything it could be a Republican one or Democrat one doesn't matter and literally they're just they're whole reasons we're existing is to help raise money and then they're gonna give that money to a candidate that aligns with their values whereas an interest group you know what they're usually for such it's like I was saying the NRA National Rifle Association they care about gun rights they're not gonna give money to a Kimmie who doesn't favor gun rights PETA they're not gonna give money who doesn't want to help animals so these guys have a specific interest that's why they exist these guys pretty much exist just to raise money I'm gonna get to lobbying voting could have cartoons guys I don't know so campaign finance reform they want to fix it reference the fancy way of saying fixed so how they've done that they tried to limit the amount people can put on so here political cartoon you have this one would be something like here we have Republicans basically saying they're gonna they're barring they're digging the grave for the Democrats mean they're gonna crush them in the election that's what this cartoon is implying here you have Obama trying to pull a donkey which is representative of the Democratic Party and even labeled at the left so if I was doing this and I didn't know all right Obama mania they're telling mrs. Obama the left they're digging in their heels I can see from the cartoon so I would diagnose this Obama is trying to drag the Democratic Party cross the finish line meaning to win and the left it's like fighting them the Democratic Party is fighting it so when you're doing these cartoons even if you don't get it just like all right what's the clues it's trying to give me what can I pick out that's a symbol I'm gonna get to monopolise I'm gonna get to interest groups and lobbyists you guys are actually not doing a bad job over there explaining thank you uh so voting I think you guys are good on this one you got a register before you can vote yeah be a citizen resident Virginia 18 years old you can do it at the Registrar's Office Division a DMV you can do it by mail you can also do it online at their website not by email and you have to do it 22 days ahead of time typically people who vote have more education more age more income does it mean that you can't vote if you're 18 obviously you can it's just typically you don't reasons why people don't vote they don't care lack of interests or they didn't sign up they didn't register more people vote in presidential elections than every other election so every four years we have a presidential election but we have an election every two years so that means for instance in 2018 we had an election typically most people don't vote in that one actually I think we had a pretty good like almost a record turnout this past election but typically more people vote when it's a presidential year than when it's not electoral college we use it to pick the president vice president we use winner-take-all so that means like basically if you win even by one vote in the state you get all the votes electoral votes for that state precincts like a district will they have type in the blank I doubt the hop type in but they might have drag-and-drop or you might have to put something in an order raiden raiden is giving good answers so densely populated just means where it's lured tight like a lot of cities where they're really tight on top of each other so like New York stuff like that city they're gonna target those big populated states but small even the less populated states are so important congressional representation that's the Senate and the representatives so when you add those two numbers together you get congressional representation so in Virginia we have 13 electoral votes 2 is the Senators 11 as the representatives that's our congressional representation so we are Wharf 13 electoral votes because of this it has led to a two-party system everybody's are trying to participate we did a simulation and democratic process includes participating yeah all right about halfway done guys and then I'm just gonna ask questions near the end so that if I'm going quick that's why like I am trying to make sure I get your questions Chifa party means you're in charge of you're helping out one of your parties when you're the President or governor so we have national government structure if I was you see this picture right here as I'm talking that's the picture I'm keying in for checks and balances right here like zoom in checks and balances this is the picture I want so let me just you know help you out here checks and balances I'm gonna like you know maybe screenshot that or pause the clip you know something like that right there just giving you all one last second that's checks and balances over there alright so we have three branches legislative executive judicial legislative is bicameral meaning two houses we have the House of Reps 435 you know that's based on population so California has the most and we have the Senate which is two per state their job is to make the laws approve the budget they're the approver they approve confirmed all the same thing they approve all the appointments they approve the budget they're in charge of the money they regulate trade between different states in different countries and the other product declare war whereas the president's in charge of the executive branch he's in charge of executing and forcing carrying out all the same thing make sure the laws are followed he prepares the budget he appoints the cabinet officers and administers rail burocracy so when he appoints a cabin officer they have to legislate over here has to approve it when he appoints an ambassador legislative has to approve it get the idea he says I want this person they have to approve administers the federal bureaucracy is a big old fancy way of saying running the government walk into Congress clear work because they wanted to be an important decision that everybody agreed on all right the judicial branch we have Supreme Court they have power judicial review their job is to determine if the law is constitutional or not they do that through in interpreting it so involving interpretation of the Constitution so again I'm actually kind of gonna skip checks-and-balances a little bit just because I mean you see it here guys it's it's literally when they mess with each other so the example could be the president can veto so Congress makes a bill which is their job the president beats is it Congress can override the veto go right back he says I want this person to be my ambassador goes right back no they say no we don't want this person be your ambassador Congress makes a law president vetoes it Congress says now we still want this law the courts can come and say nope I don't think so with judicial review it's when they're messing with each other and saying like hey you can't do that Magna Carta is the one with the king in England I was forced to give up some of his powers because he was being basically a jerk so separation of powers fact that we have all three one thing I want to make sure and remind you wouldn't go over a ton was it goes in order corps or yeah order articles one two three one is let's say if two executive three judicial okay one legend save two executive three judicial checks-and-balances you limits each others by exercising those powers that we talked about see all this stuff right down here the reason I was telling it's all right up here in this little triangle again go back in the clip you can watch it it'll all be right there we haven't gotten to the courts yet have we so I will get to it how bill becomes a law first off we got expressed and implied express means you can read it word for where the Constitution is specifically listed implied is where they kind of twist the words to make it work let me just do this really quick there he's he's saying dumb things alright so and then we have to actually how a bill becomes a law so we start off by having an introduced then it goes to committee after he goes to committee which is a small group of people working on it it gets debated or argued on the floor of the house meaning they're just gonna talk about it in front of everybody so it goes from small group to everybody then one house will vote on it now once it gets to one house whether it's the Senate or the House of Representatives it repeats it in the other house it's the mic too close to my mouth or something I'm not trying to be too loud I apologize after it's been gone through both houses you then send the bill to the president who can sign it into law so why do they even make bills while they're trying to fix issues they're doing it in response to a problem we have individuals interest groups helped shape legislation so we could contribute by writing a letter to Congress by having a Lobby you know by lobbying them interest groups can hire lobbyists they can give them political contributions as we talked about later on all that stuff is to help shape or help make legislation so they're trying to give their input alright cost they can only do what the Constitution tells them they could do executive branch both domestic and foreign four ways they can influence policy making stay the Union address that's the annual speech that he gives once a year to Congress you can appeal directly to the people by going on TV you're going on Twitter you can approve or veto legislation and he help and he picks the people who's gonna help carry out the laws yeah but he does this by appointing people to his cabinet departments so all the different roles chief estate ceremonial head this is one where he's like hey I didn't really do anything important but it looked good right this is when he invites people to like invites the Super Bowl winning team to the White House it's a ceremony it's nothing important it's not helping our country be better but it's a good for a picture chief executive he's enforcing the laws doing you know just running the government chief legislator he's dealing with Congress he's feeding a bill or giving the Stadion address commander-in-chief dealing with the military chief diplomat dealing with another country with out the military so this is this is another country military this is another country without the military chief a party he's helping his own party so as people said if Donald Trump would be helping the Republican Party and then chief citizen he acts just like us you know president shooting basketball oh hey guys I shoot a basketball too he's a chief citizen he represents all of us sounds like static some questions about anything history right now it all be on this it's not anything else okay if he's talking to another party you know you could say he's acting as he still could be representing his party and be acting as chief of party beast he could be acting as chief executive trying to get something done for the government but you don't he does not represent both parties represents his own political party so he still so Donald Trump is the leader of the Republican party at the moment and over time presidential Petro powers growing up so things from Washington days to now the presidents have more power let's see what's next state government it's gonna be basically a copy of the above with a couple differences they have three branches instead of being called Congress it's called General Assembly it's bicameral we have House of Delegates in the Virginia Senate is it a president its governor instead of Vice President it's lieutenant governor we're gonna go over the course later the concept of having a national state and local government is federalism reserve powers what's the reserve powers amendment so anything not given to national government goes to the states what amendment is this this is literally one of the amendments it is the tenth very good very good so [Music] then the next one when we're talking about federalism between national state local national government is supreme again powers not given Tinashe camera go to state there are denied powers there are powers that nobody gets so like states cannot point money they can't enter into treaties there are some things even our federal government you know can't do they can't all of a sudden just start marching troops you know throughout anywhere with that you know without being basically declaring Martial Law States can't run the Pulsar issue that's federal so there's a reserve for the state so reserve powers are state powers reserved powers are state members the primary responsibilities national governments worried about foreign policy regulating commerce basically making sure our economy is going and making sure we have a military common defense where the state's worried about public health safety and welfare the worried about our you know our schools our hospitals making sure the day-to-day life is you know working and basically sometimes that everything goes well especially when money comes into play and what it means is tensions exist when the federal government tell us to stick I want a do this they say if you ever like I don't have money and if I was like that's too bad do it anyways concurrent powers is shared powers things that they both can do so they can both tax to quote for money stuff like that okay so then we get to the state lawmaking process it's literally the same thing introduced committee debate folks just remember those keywords introduced committee debate vote except now instead of president signing it's the governor signing and yes you would have to repeat in both houses again and they make the laws in response to issues introduced individuals intra-group so shape the five primary issues are worried about education schools they're done by the state public health hospitals we talked about environment think about like the Chesapeake or the aqua Kwan they're trying to make sure that that water stays nice and you know fresh for us that's not too polluted now state budget does I biennial budget meeting once every two years whereas the national budget is annual meaning once every year let's see there no more chat I'll do it again in a minute if you guys can chill out so revenue is to Levy and collect taxes basically they have the right to taxes we get to state executive again enforcing the laws he's got a lot of roles the only thing that's different and name only its chief administrator this is essentially the chief executive as we stated earlier now they just call it chief administrator and again he has cabinet positions to help him do his job alright local government alright so kind of spinach ur versions of all the governments we talked about they have a local called the Board of Supervisors their job is to make ordinances which is a local law so as you see right there school board wild answer is in charge of schools towns have a town council which is their legislative their job is to make ordinances and they have a mayor for their executive a county can have a manager that is optional doesn't mean they always do so that would be their executive if they did it city has City Council again makes ordinances and they also have a mayor to help enforce local laws or the ordinances every locality must have the following a sheriff police clerk of the circuit court think of like the records keeper Commissioner revenue person in charge of taxes treasurer person in charge of budgeting the money all right local governments gonna be worried about the following things these are their responsibilities so enforcing state local laws again predicting our health particular safety you know educating our schools protecting the environment regulating yeah LAN juice meaning like this is a housing air that's the business area or to Levy and collect taxes state budget is by any old Justin national budget is annual how do we remember the sheriff clerk in that stuff so if it's me I think Sheriff and treasurer are really easy sheriffís police treasurer is budget clerk of the circuit court I'm thinking of a person working like like now that they're not a secretary but that's what I've pops in my head I'm thinking secretary so they're always writing stuff down and they're the records keeper essentially they're in charge of keeping the records and then commissioner of revenue revenue means money they're in charge of taxing collecting that money congressional representation is senators plus representatives I have not gotten the judge and Jerry stuff yet concurrent is when it's shared so those are gonna be powers like both the national government and state government can tax us know the president cannot we'll randomly walk and make a little ball for that I don't understand that one all right I think I got all of it Wally we help you out there you go you don't have to tell anybody else now that you got dinner coming this is for the SOL yes so local government there get their powers from the state that's what this is a fancy word derive just means from so the state government tells local government what to do they gotta follow the Virginia Constitution a charter is just like their foundation so think of as a charter as like a local Constitution okay so cities have cities have charters listing their powers cities have many constitutions listing their powers you know what guys if you can't handle the chat then don't type because that's why I'm timing you guys out because you're wasting my space and I'm trying to make sure I catch questions see county city in town they adopt ordinances participate politics for supervisors force or they make ordinances got it got it got it we've done what the media does I'll focus our attention off our forum like that's broadcasting different points of view hold them accountable lobbying lobbying is when you're trying to convince usually a legislator to vote a certain way so they got that name if you remember from our little story where they hung out where the congressmen work and they're all around their office buildings in their lobbies and try to convince them to vote a certain way so how can we try to influence public policy or influence laws we can vote we can campaign we can run for office we can lobby we could protest we could write them letters or we could join an interest group how could an interest group do it ways introduce into it because they they they're the ones that really identify the issues point them out to everybody that cuz they focus around that usually an interest group is to focus on an interest or an issue they make political contributions which is a fancy way of saying to give large sums of money to candidates or politicians and they can lobby government officials congressional representation for the third time Jabez Budd I said it twice it is senators plus representatives equals congressional representation that means that congressional representation equals our electoral college numbers the fractions were 2/3 and 3/4 2/3 for proposing 3/4 ratifying yes you should know them local governments have to be ready for international issues so if there was ever a pandemic widespread disease if there was ever an act of terrorism think 911 in case the global economy suffered think like every all the other currencies suddenly being worth nothing which would affect us and we have to be how policies ready to protect the environment so our local governments have to have plans in case of these international issues it's fine Jabez I just want to make sure I'm just trying make sure I cover everything all right courts for those who were asking all right the way I look at it is this the federal courts I'm gonna do the judges first and then I'm gonna come back and do the jurisdictions I'm literally doing the judge stuff now so I add I need you to look and listen but to will explain the congressional representation again very well so we have US Supreme Court and US Court of Appeals multiple judges the others in s right there yes right there same dang same thing down here Virginia Supreme Court that's right their court Appeals s right there no jury so the top two and the top two justices no jury judges no jury then we get to the third one down we have judge with or without a jury but usually with the jury so US district courts the third one down on the federal side judge with Gerry third one down over here judge with Gerry so this is gonna be your judge and your jury then because they don't go then over here anything below Circuit Court which is general district and juvenile domestic our judge no jury to the top two on each side multiple judges no jury the third one down for each side judge and jury and then the bottom two on state side is judge no jury all right jurisdictions both supreme courts are the same pallet jurisdiction limited original pallet jurisdiction limited original pallet means they're taking it from the court below them so a supreme US Supreme Court takes from the Court of Appeals in US Supreme Court takes Supreme Court takes from the Court of Appeals of Virginia limit original means that sometimes the court case could go straight to the top so if you had a federal case instead of starting here you're gonna go straight up here because it's so important US Court of Appeals appellate jurisdiction they can only have appellate jurisdiction there he appeals they only hear appeals so that means that the court case started here and then they appealed it and went here US District Court has original jurisdiction for federal cases anything if you come into federal crime this is the court you're gonna start in Court of Appeals appellate jurisdiction from Circuit Court Circuit and general district Circuit is the serious court general district is that not so serious Court so felony means serious crime mr. mere means not serious crime if I commit murder I'm going here this is the court they're gonna take me to if I steal a candy bar I'm going here if I sue you for a million bucks we're going here because this is going to be the court case for lots of money if I see you for 10 bucks we're going here because it's the court case for a little money and then obviously if you have a family issue or if you're a child you're gonna go to juvenile domestic relations very good answers by that way on the group over there I appreciate that all right so that's the courts judicial review you really just gotta know they they're only two questions they can ask you this.what court case get gave us judicial review Marbury vs. Madison what martyr's Madison established the principle of what judicial review maybe they might ask like what is it interpret they're interpreting the Constitution that's it to state yeah so two states are arguing that go straight to the Supreme Court beat you prom that's a little off test but they could be tried as an adult does not mean they will always go to juvenile court hey that's not a bad strategy man there are two different types of conflict conflict civil and criminal curve and all there's two different types misdemeanor felony misdemeanor is not so serious crime felonies serious crime steps got to be arrested with probable cause meaning they have reason to suspect you this is out of order it actually goes to the next step the second step is arraignment this is the big step so this is the step that you guess yes say it yes so arraignments the one you guessed for criminal if you forget that's where you your probable cause they go over what happened you get your attorney if you don't have one you enter your plea you set your court date and all that stuff for the second step is the third step it's jail or bail so you got to sit in jail to your trial or you're out on bail for step is to trial and then you have the verdict which is the decision if you don't like the decision you can appeal it in a civil case basically two parties have a disagreement plaintiff files a complaint meaning somebody says I'm gonna sue you they're the plaintiff the defendant the person being sued says I didn't do this the case is gonna be heard by a judge or a jury well judge with by himself or with the jury and if and then the judge gives their ruling if they get arrested it's criminal yes very good due process all right so due process right here I'm protects you against unfair government action so I can't go oh you're wearing a Duke shirt go to jail for 10 days even though that should be a crime but anyways I can't be treated unfairly just because of how you look your gender what you're wearing whatever there's two different ones there is a Fifth Amendment which we have for just national government so this would protect you in federal court then we have the Fourteenth Amendment where protects you in the state courts so national due process and fifth state due process in 14th again your bill of rights are protected by a due process yes you can literally Raiden typed in the link earlier just it's Sol Pass study guy if you type that in Google you'll find this buddy and there's the fact I gave you all the notes already the after the verdicts do you know if they don't like it they can appeal as great and said thank you Reina for posting that again and Miranda won the case because they didn't read him his rights all right economics all right scarcity is really simple you guys all get it they're gonna say it in a fancy way it might say the inability satisfy all once at the same time it might say unlimited once limited resources but essentially scarcity means you don't have enough of it okay so I think you guys all get it just you got to read through they're big they're gonna use big words and try to get you you don't have enough to go around for everybody it's the short version or scarcity resources the things you use to make something natural comes from the earth human that's our that's us workers capital that things it was made by money or you know so a pencil is a capital resource because it was made by it from a natural resource but then you use that capital resource to write your notes because you bought that pencil you didn't actually you know carve it down big people words yep and then entrepreneurship is your idea choice to make a selection and not spending time enough opportunity costs the thing you give up so if I have Coke and Pepsi and you choose coke that's your choice Pepsi would be your opportunity costs notice it says highest valued alternative foregone that's the big fancy way of saying whatever's the most expensive thing that you gave up that's your opportunity cost so in case they try to give you more than one option the most expensive thing that you give up is your opportunity costs price that's how much you pay for something you get price when supply and demand intersect which I'll show you in a picture in a second and sent two things that motivate you that get you to want to do something resources natural culture earth human is us working capitalist things that we use money to buy their man-made entrepreneurship is the idea supply demand determines price so remember how we did this graph at the lemonade stand you see where they intersect so that's what it means this is going to be the best price of three dollars because supply could sell he's willing to make more as the price goes up demand people are willing to buy less as the price goes so this is the best bang for his buck or her buck yes ma'am you did so supply or demand the amount of goods that a consumers are willing and able to buy so this is from the people buying it perspective supply it's the amount of well a good or service that a producer is willing to sell it this is from the business so how much does willing to sell that production is combining resources to make something consumption I'm trying to go quick so we can be done consumption is using of goods or buying of goods we did cover the three branches you're gonna have to go back this is actually a little outdated as well three basic questions of economics what will be produced how will it be produced not who will produce it and then for whom so who's gonna buy it so what will be produced how you gonna make it and who's gonna buy it traditional economy based on custom historico precedent this is gonna be your older type economies the ones that like technology hasn't touched the ones where you're working the same job as your dad your granddad great granddad so on free market where look at look at this graphic basically free markets no government or minimal involvement as it says right there everything supplying a man everything's choice determined by consumer sovereignty which we're gonna go over in a second command economy or it might say central ownership I have seen them slip this wording in their before and past us so well it's like I don't know whenever the last time they released them generally this is more like a communist type of economy communist command extense thing there's no choice you're gonna buy what the government tells you to buy then you have mixed economy we have private and public it's a little mixture as you can see up here all right so they combine things you have choice in some areas in some areas you don't have choice and most economies are gonna be mixed because there's always gonna be some kind of government involvement the economy just there just is let's see US economy we're primarily a free-market they might say the word free down here now they might say the word free enterprise if they say that we're placing in your mind with the free market same thing free enterprise free market interchangeable okay the government intervenes when basically the private part of the free market economy is not doing what you know it's not gonna be justifiable so the government steps in meaning like we talked about electricity everybody needs electricity to make their house work the way they want it so if it was purely supplying to man they could charge us like thousands of dollars for one watt but our government steps in and kind of like regulates it as well so that way it's you know I'm not saying it's dirt cheap but it's also somewhat affordable that we can you know pay for it correct with the tool set traditional economy is the one where they trade barter we're gonna work the same job as your family all right so free-market economy we talked about private property you own stuff profits what you have left after all expenses meaning all your bills have been paid competition you have a rivalry think McDonald's and Burger King things like that consumer sovereignty that's when we through our purchases determine what's gonna be made so if we buy it they're gonna make more of it if we don't buy it they're gonna stop making it alright there's another picture of circular flow for those that we're asking and having trouble with it I'm gonna get to that next obviously so if you want to take a look at it being shot up whatever I mean you could type it in Google and you'll get images that come up already done legislate Oh I'll say it later all right so there's three basic types an entrepreneur can play a role it can be any of these remember entrepreneur takes risk for profit risk for profit entrepreneur the three types of ownership for fire ship by yourself partnership two or more owners but think more small-time type stuff corporation are your giant corporations like Walmart BestBuy things like that they can act as a legal entity they can have a whole buttload of owners you know there's no limit on it that you know they just have a different percentage of ownership and your liability meaning how much you can be hurt is limited to how much you invest circular flow is another name for economic flow so it's resources goods and services and money constantly going around and around and around and around this picture is gonna be better than me reading off all this stuff but essentially let's start here I work for the government so I'm giving them my labor let me zoom in for you so you can follow along there I give them my labor and return for my labor they give me income I use my income as payment for my goods and services they use my payment to pay their taxes and in return they build public goods such as roads so does everybody kind of see how that works like the money's going around and around and around 50 questions total 10 of them don't count shareholders is corporation Justin you have to get 21 minimum to pass of the 40 that count there's not 60 there is 50 forty questions will count ten will not you are not not gonna know which ten count which ones don't and resources Justin and resources shareholders is corporation of a tool correct rate in their testing amount all right private financial institutions or most commonly known as banks thanks its intermediaries between savers and borrowers there's other ones including savings loans credit unions security brokerages those are like the stock market ones they mainly receive deposits and make loans the reason you would put your money and any of these is because they give you an incentive by paying you interest on what you put in I'm just really blind replying to said same Batool who cares all right why do we trade it's already here why don't we trade with other countries in a global economy or part of it because we trade with other countries to get things we don't make here to get things cheaper to sell our stuff to other people and it creates jobs this is a weirdly specific sentence they want you to know we specialize in things that promote efficiency and growth what's the word efficiency mean show me you know what it means what efficiency mean fast and good quality very good yeah I thought about taking away bad being am on usually he's not doing that we have improvements in technologies meaning it's easier to do everything mainly the internet spend the big one and because of technology it's also lower the cost of doing things all right to keep going so these are the three this is what I'm telling you these are the three that they used to focus on obviously you guys we've talked about a couple more this year but these are the three I want to make sure you remember FCC is our TV BPA's environment FTC is business so TV internet stuff like that right here environment and anything with business there are basically regulating or overseeing the way these company companies work that deal with whatever they're talking about to make sure they're doing the right thing we want competition why do we want competition what two things come from competition you give them the moderator because they're here the most and because usually they don't act up lower cost or lower prices would be the better answer lower prices and better quality very good and to make that competition happen we don't want monopolies monopolies as somebody stated earlier is basically when one business kind of controls the whole market meaning if all you could buy was Xbox and there was no PlayStation or Nintendo Xbox would have a monopoly on video game systems and they could charge you like a thousand bucks for their system because there is no other system so we don't want that so we make antitrust legislation which is basically anti-monopoly to sing of it that way antitrust anti-monopoly we have global trade and we support new businesses so what type of good services do governments provide things that can help everybody think about a road prides been a benefits to many simultaneously everybody uses the roads nobody would make the roads if an individual had to do it because why would I make a road for old bridge if I didn't have to use old bridge and think of things like the highways the pole service and our military how do we pay for it mostly through taxes and loans that's what borrowed funds are we also have things like fees like you can you pay to go to a park all right this stuff they got rid of for the most part income tax it's when they charge you know how much you make sales taxes when they tax you for things you buy we talked about property taxes like things on your house in your car the big thing is the sixteenth amendment that's the income tax so right down here there's low last amendment you should need to know sixty members income tax Federal Reserve is our nation's central bank its duty is to maintain the value of the dollar to make sure it's worth something if basically there's too much money we get inflation and inflation means basically your money becomes less valuable that makes no sense I have no clue what you're talking about there we go I think everybody will pass ah you're the reason you own stuff and you can prove it's because you have things called contracts right there so you have private ownership three types of money coins Federal Reserve notes big fancy way of saying dollar bills and deposits here's all this career stuff that you did with Miss Taylor again we're playing starts with self-assessment basing knowing what your good and bad at and this is common sense you should have a strong worth ethic work ethic like you're more likely to get hired if you work hard if you have more education and more skills hey you're gonna probably make more money things like that technology has created different and new jobs you should be responsible with your money like just use common sense with these alright is there any subjects here that you want to do some quick questions on she won't slap home she'll throw shoe at him they're any of those courts all right let's do courts all right so do one two three four just type in the letters that's all you got to do I'll do media next well you do that I can finally eat my dinner I said do 1 through 4 so answer them all like just type it all in one line guys don't don't keep typing do it vet it all right Veronica Sprint and t-mobile wanna merge they can't though because the FTC said no we don't want your gonna that all like make you all close to a monopoly so the FTC is like regulating them in that instance because there are two businesses that want to merge together as one company all right so let's go over this number one which Virginia Court I think that had it let me let me go up and look one was the original jurisdiction for misdemeanors correct this is not gonna be on the tests but it is see just so we're clear this will not be on the test all right two types of courts in a dual core oh I don't even go over this dual court system just means we have federal and state so that is see very good good remembering that this is a good question right there boom dual core system federal and state which of the following courts will never have original jurisdiction should have been C it is C because it says appeals in the name there's they can't have original jurisdiction all right let's do yeah five six seven eight go ahead and go for it national does equal federal very good I'm gonna do it I will do media and I will do electoral college after this one guys I I saw your magistrate if somebody does search warrants and stuff like that but it's not gonna be nothing you don't need no for the test y'all can stop now if y'all want I'm just doing questions for the rest of the time well that specific example beyond the SOL I I doubt it I don't know I haven't seen the s of all guys all right I see it did somebody get it I'm using Sebastien's this time even though he wasn't first Sebastian original jurisdiction gave district courts the authority to see here cases for the first time very good in appeals case an accused person asking the court decide which of the following when you say see yeah basically did to get a fair trial so they're looking at did did basically the they get screwed over the first time that makes the decisions in Circuit Court circuit courts gonna be a judge and a jury for the most part it can be a judge only it can be but for me like my purpose is they're the one through the only court who has a jury or the option of having a jury so a judge in the jury for the most part it usually has a jury from where the organization jurisdiction of Virginia's court system derived and put both y'all gotta correct Virginia Constitution good job good to Chava just two more nine and ten all right number nine which the Fond quartz does not have appellate jurisdiction it's gonna be General District because it's the lowest court that's where it has only original so it can't have a pellet from where are the organization jurisdiction the United States core system derived the US Constitution told you the document you should always guess if you're stuck US Constitution all right I heard Electoral College next all right do one two and three one two and three you do that said thank you for announcing that you are going to eat a pallet means you're taking it from below and if you repeal it it means you are going up Oh Justin almost be fed almost all right so how are the slate of electoral college process chosen it's going to be a popular vote I really doubt they ask that one though just being honest the number of electors of state receives is based upon the number of Representatives a state has in Congress it should be see another way of saying this would be congressional representation they just changed the words around here majority votes one electoral college requires what kind of system to party to the party craisins or the worst thing i'm eating hamburgers that I grow I don't need Captain Crunch guess all right do four or five all right let's take a look it looks like dang bed was still first by a little bit so using information in which state what a president can t be most likely target California may have the most I mean literally this could be on the SOL and please don't miss something like this why would canidates target large states when campaigning large states have a greater number of electoral college votes I mean it's just this is just common sense they have the more votes all right six and seven go you're number six and seven focus that's all right number number six the electoral college the electors meet to vote for the president and vice president that could be a test question all right and then candidates for president states to target large states for campaigning because of the system is almost all of the states it's winner take all yeah so I'm gonna have to help with this one you're gonna chop off House electoral college credit system criticized I know what it's gonna be so take a look at the popular vote you see how this number checks a little higher than this one but look who won George Bush you can see here again it was really close to popular vote but not a close liked or vote and again here Tilden won the popular vote but lost his electoral college so a person can win the presidency without winning the most popular votes that would be that one again this one I didn't go over with you you know it is this is all true but this is just reading a graph and being able to figure out what which one of these makes sense so if it was if this was me I would have read each answer choice and then I would have tried to match it with the chart and see if it made sense I literally just told you the answer is B by the way wherever top four are typed a all right one there at president's election of 1848 so this is just reading this graph if I can get Democrats are the darker color ones popular vote doesn't matter so we're gonna look at the electoral vote and I can see Taylor should've won so it's gonna be beat why you must candidates still pay attention to the small states and a close election they might make the difference all right I saw media this one that y'all wanted right media citizeness use what so this is simple separating fact from opinion we're trying to figure out they're telling the truth a separate fact from opinion they can look at this book to a disk with the question mark man I remember seeing this in our nose and on a test question it's like it's everywhere and this one's going to be strategies for evaluating campaigns the reason it's not this one in case you are thinking of it this is what the media does this is what we need to do and we need to be able to detect bias identify proper you know separate fact from opinion so this one is not the same thing as above as you can see this one said separate fact from opinion this is writing editorials this is going to be a the mass media's role is what they're supposed to be doing again mass media's role in elections oh all right do five and six and here I'm gonna help you guys out do five and six there now he can't be first sure Steve and I can go to do process man look at all these answers before bed I guess he just doesn't know this stuff is over 5 why must voters evaluate information represented in campaigns answer is d to make reasoned choices you're evaluating it so you can make a good choice and then number 6 if the newspapers current election place the story about Dunkirk they show they show Democrat on the front page but they hide a Republican fundraiser on the back page this would be bias they're showing favoritism I did do one with the courts Veronica data spanning room yellow journalism use both lines April fresh so you could make the argument that this is opinion but I would say the best answer here see this is propaganda they're spreading stuff to make you believe like the enemy did it they're trying to get you riled up and mad at the enemy so I would say propaganda here do a door giveaway why my giveaway was my work this year all right let's do eight nine to ten go for it ain't nano time see Josh please do a door giveaway do you want me to give away a door I mean how would I do a door giveaway like that's something you do when you're at an event not online why would you talk about yourself that way man you're trying way too hard scorch way too hard all right sailor statement about the media distress which role the media and elections oh well I guess you couldn't do number eight if I didn't show you the quote so am i bad on that Damini uh do not just pass the report the news they select what is to be covered thereby setting a political agenda so this is gonna be d emphasizing selected issue so that's my bad so this is D so if you got it wrong that's my fault I didn't have to quote there number nine by opposing this rule the FCC's make sure that me to fulfills which of its roles broadcasting different points of view equal and giving both of them different side and they're all coming out I wonder how many times they're gonna try and make stuff up if they keep doing it guys I got to turn off the chat unfortunately just giving you that apparently one person is just trying to ruin it for everybody anyways and then the last one Governor Smith has a fantastic record when it comes to crime violent crime is down property crime to down 10% fix rate is 80% if you're attempted separating fact from finian which statement would be opinion so first of all it's gonna be a governor Smith has a friend test or there's no staff there it's just give me someone's opinion so there you go good stuff what other ones do you want to do or do you guys are you done okay that's 834 it's just since bedtime shadow what other ones y'all want to do which is one of economics there's a whole bunch pick one tell me which one you want to do I'm not doing for for is like the courtesy and patriotism you should definitely know that I have no clue what you're talking about that [Music] um alright I'll do I'll just circular flow really quick I think you guys know so the first one's economic flow I'm just gonna hoping with that all right do you 2 3 & 4 2 3 & 4 I have no clue what you're talking about then I might do the fat after this one usually you guys struggle with the Fed oh goodness she's gonna beat you to it hey Evan I remember you yeah you were good good man you know bother me at all all right summer two producers are going to be the ones buying the resource or buying our labor so they're buying it so first one to see first want to see okay because they're going to be selling goods and services they make they can buy the resources from us to then make the goods okay I got to turn off the check guys I'm sorry I'll try again a couple minutes maybe they'll leave so this was produces by resources then you have businesses sell blink to households and governments the sad part is by the way I bet you I know it's it's probably to kids from two years ago you just really really don't have much to do with their lives I guess businesses sell blank to households in government they're gonna be selling their goods their services so there's no goods here so the answer would be services number four blank buy resources to make products that are sold to individuals other businesses and the government know it's gonna be producers in this one they're the ones buying their resources and they make the products to sell yeah but they're gonna be businesses or this is probably just gonna be tied in together that's why it threw me off there individual businesses saving an investment provide financial blank that can be borrowed for a business expansion capital remember that's the big fancy word for money so we're looking at capital alright I saw Federal Reserve so we're gonna go there next what's the main function of the Federal Reserve Bank this one their job is to basically make sure remember that our money is valuable so they got to regulate how much money is out there central bank the United States it's called Federal Reserve stimulate the economy the Fed can increase the money supply causing interest rates to what this is not gonna be on the SL anymore it used to be on there that's why we didn't really go over this if the Fed increases the money supply it means they're increasing the amount available to everyone not the money Reserve but the money supply that means that interest rates usually going to go one way that's Federal Reserve Bank slows the economy is when it that's not on there anymore yeah they went into we used to have to teach a lot more like in detail about the Federal Reserve what I need you to know is right now it's basically just making sure that we don't have inflation that our dollar bill is valuable and it's the bankers bank it's the bank that the banks go to when they need money all right let me take your suggestions for other ones really quick okay so I time I turned it back on for you guys oh you know what I promised Stephen due process no no once you do process I'll do it I'll do that I can do more in a second but I did promise do you process I am gonna shut this off at 9 o'clock though no matter what so y'all get some sleep so which one I let's do one two yeah one two and three go and do one two and three man guys are trying really hard there good thing this thing like blocks it huh I got to go back to blocking it guys they're not gonna let you participate right yeah they are try let me turn it back off all right so going over this which constitutional man protects citizens from state government on the fair manner we've got fourteen counselor depression gets unfair I'm gonna actually that's just due process which Court has extended due process clause pretty guarantee carotenes bill of rights it's gonna be Supreme Court because bill rice is in our Constitution then four and five while Joe is watch television speech please a burst through the front door and search this one without warrant their actions violet Jarrett's right to due process and the above it excerpts from which amendment no state there you go I always stop reading right there notice state so you know what's the state due process which is fourteen all right [Music] I think I remember seeing let me go up and see what you guys said it's that way I'll have to turn it back on I remember seeing 11 the competition real quick so antitrust I see that word I'm thinking anti-monopoly so prevent companies from developing monopolies so we won't we don't want monopolies get that dress stop monopolies for many years US car makers enjoyed dominance our country so they traded with other countries so we're gonna be looking at global trade so they're dealing with other countries Richmond citizens are unhappy that one only company Comcast provide a cable service they want a competition so the government offered to help entrepreneurs start another killas what way of foreign competition is this they're literally says they offer to help watchers start another business they're supporting business startups which ones in charge you make it your business is held accountable business FTC the Federal Trade just the function of the FCC EPA and FTC they're over there regulating than we've ever seen the way people do business let me go up it's all 11:00 all right hi guys I think that's probably about it unless you guys got something so yeah good luck get a good night's sleep and all that good stuff unless you got any last questions go for it why did I do asbestos it's the same person or same two people Sebastien they just kept making new accounts I'm pretty sure I know what it is I'm not a coffee person but Thank You Steven what's an example my wife loves coffee so if you ever do Starbucks shoes you will appreciate FCC is gonna be like they're the ones who make sure like the bleeps go on the TV so that way nobody's cursing on live TV and stuff like that it don't matter if you report on bed they're not that's not their accounts they're they literally just make the accounts just to do this that's not gonna be the right 11c Kenza oh I guess they're not done yeah they're not done all right guys FTC that's the business merger Veronica I told you that so all right yeah they're back alright guys you guys have a good night okay good luck studying you know again the website it's just sol pass to get the whole thing right there I don't know if you can bring Starbucks into that room yeah hey just just think about it these are pretty sure these are high schoolers and this is the best time they have of their lives just coming to this channel at night yeah and they are angry hi guys never going