Wireless Networking Overview

1. Introduction to Wireless Connectivity

• Access Point Connectivity: Traditional method involves connecting to an access point.
• Device-to-Device Communication: Possible without an access point, known as Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) or ad hoc connection.
• Use Case: Commonly used in configuring IoT devices like smart home devices (e.g., door locks, lights).

2. Wireless Network Parameters

• SSID (Service Set Identifier): Name of the wireless network.
  • Example: SSID named "sgc1" visible in available networks.
• BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier): Hardware address of an access point.
  • Differentiates multiple access points with the same SSID.

3. Wireless Network Management

• Extended Service Set Identifier (ESSID): Shared network name across multiple access points for seamless roaming.
  • Allows seamless transition between access points without dropping connection.

4. Captive Portal and Authentication

• Captive Portal: Screen prompting for network authentication.
  • Centralized access table checks if the device is authenticated.
  • Requirements may include agreeing to terms or providing credentials.

5. Wireless Network Security

• Security Configurations:
  • WPA2 Personal: Common security level on access points.
  • Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE): Allows network connection but prevents direct device-to-device communication.
  • Open System: No security; free communication among devices.
• Enterprise Security (802.1x):
  • Uses individual credentials for authentication, enhancing security in business environments.

6. Wireless Antennas

• Omnidirectional Antennas:
  • Distribute signal evenly, suitable for central room placement.
• Directional Antennas:
  • Focus signal in a specific direction, suitable for connecting distant points or focusing signal.
  • Types include Yagi and parabolic antennas, offering high gain and focused signal.

7. Access Point Types

• Autonomous Access Points:
  • Standalone devices requiring no additional hardware/software.
• Lightweight Access Points:
  • Rely on centralized intelligence and configuration via a network switch.
  • Managed using standards like CAPWAP (Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points).

8. Wireless LAN Controller

• Central Management: Allows configuring and managing wireless networks from a single interface.
  • Provides monitoring, deployment, and reporting capabilities.
  • Typically paired with access points from the same manufacturer for cohesive management.

These notes provide a comprehensive overview of wireless networking concepts, configurations, and management strategies, making them a useful study aid for understanding wireless network operations.