Overview
This lecture explains temperature scales (Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin) and demonstrates how to convert between them using key equations and example problems.
Temperature Scale Conversion Formulas
- To convert Celsius (C) to Fahrenheit (F): F = C × (9/5) + 32
- To convert Fahrenheit (F) to Celsius (C): C = (F − 32) × (5/9)
- To convert Celsius (C) to Kelvin (K): K = C + 273.15
- To convert Kelvin (K) to Celsius (C): C = K − 273.15
Worked Examples
- To convert 27°C to Fahrenheit: F = 27 × (9/5) + 32 = 48.6 + 32 = 80.6 (rounded to 81°F)
- To convert −320.42°F (boiling point of nitrogen) to Celsius:
- Subtract 32: −320.42 − 32 = −352.42
- Multiply by 5/9: −352.42 × (5/9) = −195.79°C
- To convert −195.79°C to Kelvin:
- Add 273.15: −195.79 + 273.15 = 77.36 K
Key Terms & Definitions
- Celsius (C) — Temperature scale where water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.
- Fahrenheit (F) — Temperature scale where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°.
- Kelvin (K) — Absolute temperature scale starting at absolute zero (0 K); 1 K = 1°C increment.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice converting temperatures using the given formulas.
- Review rounding rules for significant digits based on starting precision.