Objects in both rest and motion are common in everyday life.
Perception of motion relates to changes in an object’s position over time.
Complex motions involve straight line, circular, rotational, or vibrational movements.
Understanding motion is essential for explaining natural phenomena like sunrise, seasons, and more.
Reference Point
To describe an object's movement, a reference point, or origin, is essential.
Types of Motion
Motion Along a Straight Line
Distance vs Displacement:
Distance: Total path covered.
Displacement: Shortest path between start and end.
Example: An object moving from O to A covers different distances depending on its path.
Uniform and Non-Uniform Motion
Uniform Motion: Equal distances covered in equal time intervals.
Non-Uniform Motion: Varying distances in equal time intervals.
Measuring Motion
Speed: Distance traveled per unit time (m/s or km/h).
Average Speed: Total distance divided by total time.
Velocity: Speed with direction, can be uniform or variable.
Acceleration: Change in velocity per unit time (m/s²).
Graphical Representation
Distance-Time Graphs
Straight line indicates uniform motion.
Non-linear graphs indicate varying speeds.
Velocity-Time Graphs
Constant velocity results in a flat line parallel to the time axis.
Acceleration is shown by rising or falling lines.
Equations of Motion
Equations:
v = u + at
s = ut + ½at²
2as = v² - u²
Uniform Circular Motion
Occurs when an object moves in a circular path with constant speed.
Only the direction changes, causing acceleration.
Practical Activities and Examples
Discussing classroom walls’ motion, train experiences, and odometer readings.
Calculating average speeds and velocities.
Using real-life scenarios to explain concepts like acceleration and displacement.
Exercises
Applying concepts to solve problems involving speed, distance, and acceleration.
Conclusion
Understanding motion involves combining theoretical concepts with practical examples and graphical representations to describe and explain different types of motion effectively.