I team welcome to the screencast where we focus on recapping some of the concepts from level 2 PE. The concepts we are discussing in this presentation will include skill classification stages of learning practice methods and feedback and these are all related to motor skill learning. First of all what is a motor skill? As you can see here a motor skill can be defined as a learned coordinated activity which achieves a goal. The key elements here are that it is coordinated and must be learned. Furthermore a skill can be classified into the following four main types of skills fine or gross, open or closed, discrete continuous or serial self-paced or externally paced. Final gross skills are classified according to the amount of movement required to complete the skill. A fine motor skill typically involves performing small and precise movements using small muscles on the body such as tiddlywinks. While the gross motor skill typically involves performing large movements using the major muscle groups in the body such as swimming. Open or closed skills are classified according to the environment and the skills are performed in a closed skill is performed. In an environment which is minimal change the performer is in complete control of the school with very few external factors interfering with the performance. An example here of a closed skill shows then counter practice in a place kick in an empty stadium. An open skill is performed in a constantly changing environment where many factors can affect performance. The example here shows Steve and Donald lining up the winning kick in the final of the 2011 Rugby World Cup. What are the differences between these two kicks? Which make them open or closed? pause the video and take some notes now. [Applause] Great continuous or serial skills are classified according to whether the skill has a defined beginning and end point. At the screech skill has a defined start and end point. A serious skill is made up of a number of discrete skills. In sequence a continuous skill has no defined start or end point. Go ahead and classify the skills identified in the images. Nick Wallace the runner a triple jumper and Tiger Woods the golf on self-paced and externally paced skills are classified according to how the movement is initiated. The footballer decides at what point the ball will be thrown in whereas the starter will decide at what point the 100-meter race will start. The bottom picture is great as it shows an empty lane. 5 where a same bolt turned an external post skill into a self-paced skill by jumping the gun and getting himself disqualified from the 2011 World Championships. Stages of learning are only going to be discussed briefly here, but they play an important role in our upcoming unit. It's really important that you have a strong grasp of each stage of learning, what the characteristics are of each stage and effective ways to all, form each stage of learning. Cognitive in this stage the learner develops an understanding of how to perform the skill. The learner is attempting to put a picture of the skill together with all its subroutines in a correct order and their mind associative, this stage is characterized by learner practicing a skill in order to eliminate mistakes. This stage takes place over a long period of time and requires large amounts of practice. Autonomous the stage is characterized by a learner automatically applying the skill in competitive situations. Skill performance by this lunar no longer requires conscious thought, massed practice involves performing a skill over and over again until it is achieved while distributer practice as performing the skill with recession's and between until the skill is learned. Take a look at this example of messed practice, this basketball is named Israel and it is the greatest 3-point shooter of all time. In the NBA during the season and offseason he'll shoot the bare minimum of 500 shots a day. There are a few risks associated with mass practice and it's also suited to a specific type of learner. We will discuss this in some of the following slides. Risks with mass practice include fatigue, poor technique, boredom, injury and frustration. Some of the benefits of McMaster practice include they are suitable for highly motivated athletes low energy tasks in simple skills. Distributor practice is preferred at an early stage of learning when there's a task with high energy demands. A complex skill or a boring task before we move on pause the video and describe what changes you have make to Ray Allen's workout. So that, so that it would move from a massed practice to a distributed practice whole learning is when the skill is taught in its entirety part. Noonien is when the skill is broken down into its associated parts or subroutines. These parts have been learned. An example of whole learning could be teaching all sub routines of the Freestyle stroke at the same time of course expecting someone to learn freestyle. This way would be silly and effective as a teaching method in the situation. An example of part learning and the same context would be to break down the different sub routines and teach them individually. Cooking, breathing, body position, arm technique these can all be taught separately and contribute to the development of the whole school. Pause the video now unless the advantages of whole learning and the advantages of part learning we will finish the screencast by quickly discussing four types of feedback internal feedback comes from internal receptors within the body for example your muscles might tell you that a cartwheel you just performed was performed straight external as feedback. That comes from verbal audible or visual sources. This incorporates all the sights and sounds of a performance or game as an example a loud home crowd may tell you that your team is performing well, while a quiet home crowd may tell you that your team is performing poorly. Knowledge of results or k'r as information received about the outcome of your performance for example being told to the ball isn't well that you finished the sprint and eight seconds. The key aspect here is that the kr comes from an external source, such as a coach, the crowd or video knowledge of performance or KP as feedback you get about the actual performance of the skill. For example your leg wasn't extended enough KP can come from either an internal or external source. That's it for the session, make sure you take some good notes, summarize well and come to the next class with a good question prepared.