well hey guys welcome back to my youtube channel so today i'm going through the first topic in the cape caribbean studies syllabus and that's location and definition of the caribbean region and its diaspora okay so taking straight from the syllabus the objectives take a look take a look you're required to know the names of the territories and where they're situated On the Caribbean map, you're also required to know sub-regions such as the greater Antilles, lesser Antilles, different archipelagos like the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos islands right there. You're also required to know the position of these territories in relation to the Caribbean Sea. Furthermore, we're going to go through the definitions of the Caribbean region and you'll later know why or learn why. You can't use just one definition to define the Caribbean region as it's an abstract concept.
Now firstly, when looking at the map, you need to know the names of the territories. Now you have the Caribbean Sea situated right in the center. If you just look, you'll see it right here. It's the Caribbean Sea.
You're supposed to see the the Gulf of Mexico in the top left corner of the map on the screen and in the bottom left you'll see the Pacific Ocean and situated east you'll see the Atlantic Ocean now the different sub regions you have the greater Antilles which consists of the larger set of islands or set of islands in the Caribbean so those are like Cuba, the Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. Hispaniola is an island with two countries Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Haiti's French the domrep or the Dominican Republic sorry is Spanish. Cuba is the largest city by size and population in the world.
Greater Antilles and yes in the Caribbean region. Haiti is the first black republic in the western hemisphere got their independence in 1804. Puerto Rico is an associated state or freely associated state of the United States of America and you'll learn that when we're going through the political definition of the Caribbean region. Cayman Islands is a British overseas territory meaning still a dependency still depends on Britain you'll learn other countries that are still dependent on Britain like Montserrat as well the Lesser Antilles are the smaller groups of islands located east of the Caribbean Sea okay they are divided into the Leeward Islands and the Windward Islands Leeward Islands are further north of the map and they are usually or they are the smaller set of islands and the Windward Islands are the larger sets of the Lesser Antilles. You also have the different mainland territories like Those of the South American continent and the ones that we'll be studying here or just looking at, taking a look at are Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and sometimes French Guiana. And the Central American countries like Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama.
Now, if you look at Panama, it's an... ithmos right it separates it's a narrow strip of land separating two water bodies and those water bodies being the caribbean sea and the pacific ocean and lastly for now when talking about the map here we'll look at the top where you see the bahamas and turks and caicos islands that archipelago is called the lukai and archipelago and that's basically it for naming the territories or sub-regions etc. Now looking at the geographical definition of the Caribbean.
Defined geographically, the Caribbean is the area or region who is washed by the Caribbean Sea. So the countries whose coastlines are washed by the Caribbean Sea or whose coastline touches the Caribbean Sea are most often described as the countries of the Caribbean or the Caribbean territories and this is described as the Caribbean basin. This definition, however, poses a challenge when you think about countries that are widely considered Caribbean territories, but they aren't washed by the Caribbean Sea.
So does that make them not Caribbean? Right? So countries like Barbados that's further east, Barbados lies in the Atlantic Ocean. The Bahamas, Guyana, Turks and Caicos Islands, and even Bermuda, they're excluded when... sticking to this Caribbean basin or strictly considering just the Caribbean basin definition.
Furthermore, countries or territories, the geographic definition also names the territories the West Indies and the mainland territories which surround it. This now was a misconception on the path of the Italian exp... Christopher Columbus when he arrived in the region in about 1492 insert he was in search of Asia or most more specifically the islands east of India which are no present-day Indonesia he realizes that he's in fact not in Asia however he names these islands the West Indies alright where he was looking for or the islands he was searching for were called or he would call the East Indies however that name didn't stick it became obsolete however the term West Indies stick stuck or sticks stuck stuck right now there's a lot of room for error as quite often the Caribbean region is referred to as the West Indies however according to the Britannica Encyclopedia and many other sources the west indies are crescent shaped group of islands i don't have to go any further because what i want you to focus on is the part where it says the west indies um is a crescent shaped group of islands no the the term west indies only refers to the islands so the mainland territories are not included So countries like Guyana, Belize, Suriname by this definition they aren't Caribbean.
See where I'm going? Now you can also use lines of latitude and longitude to define the Caribbean geographically because by approximation the Caribbean spans about 60 degrees west to 85 degrees west longitude and sits about five degrees north. to 25 degrees north of the equator and most often this will have to this approximation will have to be extended to about 30 degrees north of the equator to accommodate a country like bermuda because both historically and politically that country is caribbean now let's talk a bit about the geological definition the geological definition speaks to the countries belonging to the caribbean region lying on the caribbean plate.
seems practical right? but countries such as cuba, the bahamas, turks and caicos islands and guyana they do not in fact they do not lie on the caribbean plate um and though This seems like a solid idea when trying to conceptualize what exactly the Caribbean is. When you stick strictly to the geological definition, these countries that are widely considered Caribbean are excluded.
The geological definition also considers countries and their geological features. and structures such as mountains and volcanoes. Most Caribbean countries, if not all, have defining mountains because here for example we have Haiti, meaning land of high mountains or montanos.
Even Montserrat or yes was formed as a result of seismic activity which led to the formation of that volcanic island. The challenges presented however, as I said, Cuba's countries such as Cuba, the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands, even Guyana, do not fall on the Caribbean plate, but many Central American territories do fall on the Caribbean plate. like Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and even Costa Rica and they're not widely considered Caribbean. Now the historical definition of the Caribbean speaks about countries in the Caribbean region being linked by similarities in their historical experiences with a major part being the fact that Most of the countries in the region were colonized by European forces. The indigenous people were affected by colonization as powers such as Britain, Spain, Holland, now known as the Netherlands and France, settled and took control of these territories.
The Caribbean also saw the involvement of Denmark, Sweden and Portugal, but not to an extent as great as the others. this led to the implement implementation sorry of large-scale farming in the caribbean as the indigenous people were enslaved and the plantations and plantation slavery was implemented after which indentureship was seen so it's a whole lot of stuff to be honest you'll see this in the when we go through the historical process so even today we can see where there's a high influence of the Europeans culture in these countries in the aspects of speech, religion and even the food that we eat. Caribbean countries have even maintained a relationship with their metropoles and those are the countries that once colonized them and many of their processes were or many of the processes used by the Europeans were to maintain and increase the wealth of their nations.
With that said, even though Caribbean territories share similar historical experiences, they also have many differences. In fact, there are occasions where some of these Caribbean countries were controlled by more than one forces at different times because we had the Spanish in Jamaica first around 1494 then later in 1655 you had the English coming to take over now the problem that the historical definition poses even though by by the historical definition a country like Bermuda that's sitting in the Atlantic is considered Caribbean. The historical definition includes Latin American countries which are not widely considered Caribbean countries such as Colombia and Venezuela that were controlled by the Spanish.
This definition is therefore too generalized generalized even though it is true. I just I don't even know what happened there like what happened the word is generalized right yes anyways the political definition because if you follow me girl jojo the political definition guys there are two ways to look at the political definition firstly you can relate the caribbean territories having a shared or similar having shared or similar political systems that being some being independent states that some we having associated states in the caribbean as well as um we have republics we have constitutional monarchies yes so I'm going to run into the second way just like this because they're kind of linked and tied in with each other. Now, there are also regional groups and organizations in which countries that are Caribbean or Caribbean countries are a part of. One major one being CARICOM and I think we all know about CARICOM, like know of CARICOM, but I don't. think we know of caricom or know as much as we should or let me speak for myself i don't know as much as i should about caricom anyways um there are many groups and organizations right dedicated to um is Caribbean members.
Now the Caribbean community that's CARICOM um is now chaired by Ralph Goncalves which is the PM of St Vincent and the Grenadines I believe. Um they have what we called member states and associated member states. There are 15 member states that being Antigua and Barbuda um st lucia st kitts and navy st vincent and the grenadines trinidad and tobago suriname belize dominica barbados the bahamas haiti jamaica i think i said all of them i'm hoping i wasn't counting i wasn't going anyways there are 15 of them right and there are five associated member states that being anguilla bermuda you Turks and Caicos Islands, the Cayman Islands and BVI, that is the British Virgin Islands. Now, politically, once again, Bermuda is defined as Caribbean politically because Bermuda is a part of a Caribbean regional organization or at least considered a member. okay so the politically bermuda is a caribbean country now the problem posed with this is that not every country that is considered caribbean is a part of these organizations because cuba is communist so it wouldn't be a part of or they people the people wouldn't be a part or the country wouldn't be a part of carrickham you see and we also have one a major Major, major organization around the 1960s, 1967, I believe.
Need to brush up on my history. The West Indies Associated States. And that was a major organization, right?
Which involved islands in the Caribbean Sea that were British colonies which had a relationship with Britain or the British, but were recognized as free. They were called... statehoods right however the british did not control the country's domestic affairs however they served the purpose or served as a source of defense yes so they weren't they weren't independent or considered sovereign states this status of statehood only granted these countries with internal self-government and the islands attempted several types of federations and a major federation was the west indies federation that was established in 1958. it dissolved in 1962. however there is some real interesting stuff going on with that. i won't go too deep into it because i don't think we need to know about it. i'm not sure if we need to know about it honestly.
but In 1961, Eric Williams, who was the Premier of Trinidad and Tobago at the time, made the famous quote, one from ten leaves not, which represented Jamaica's withdrawal from the West Indies Federation. Because in 1961, Alexander Bustamante announced that Jamaica will no longer be a part of the West Indies Federation. Now the original members of the West Indies Associated States were those of the West Indies Federation excluding Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. Eventually these states headed towards independence in the 1970s and early 1980s and the West Indies Associated States was succeeded by the OECS which is the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States.
which was established in 1981. By then most of the territories were actually independent except for Montserrat which remains even today a British dependency. So the independent states from that they were no longer a part of the western disassociated states because they gained independence now as per similar systems of governments in the caribbean even though Many Caribbean countries have the same or similar type of systems of government or types of governance. In the Caribbean, there are many other types of governments in other Caribbean countries and not all Caribbean countries share the same type of governance.
However, there are groups. You have the Independent English Caribbean known as the Anglophone Caribbean which is known as the Caribbean. also known as the commonwealth um you have the british dependencies as i said um like the cayman islands and montserrat yeah you also have the free associated state of puerto rico which is an associated state of the united states or also um known as an overseas territory of the united states of the um overseas territory of the united states puerto rico is a whole new history story so if you want to know more about that you can go read it it had to do with the spanish-american war anyways people of puerto rico are considered u.s citizens however they're they don't they don't have a vote in the congress so they they aren't allowed to vote in the United States however they can travel freely between the island of Puerto Rico and the United States. Similarly with the French Caribbean now politically countries like Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana are not Caribbean territories politically because they are overseas departments or it's spelt like departments but you know it's french it has like one i know it's not english because it had a little is it is it still that is it still an accent in french i never did french i did spanish see with me so correct my french if i'm wrong but they're french departments and you can consider these overseas territories as like parishes that are not connected to the mainland to the french mainland just as for puerto rico you can consider it a parish i wouldn't say a state because they they aren't given the status as a state but if you want you can say consider it like a state that's not connected to the mainland however it's not a state they didn't name it a state don't don't say i told you it was a state it's not a state i am emphasizing this In case you know, you zoned out a bit.
I hope you're not zoning out though. In case you zoned out a bit, Puerto Rico, not a state of the United States. It's an overseas territory.
Now, for Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, as per usual, yes, they're overseas territories of France. So politically, they're not Caribbean. Yeah, we'll recap in all of that.
Anyways, they also have French citizenship, just as Puerto Ricans have US citizenship. So, by the geographical definition and the geological definition, Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana lies. Not French Guiana.
Martinique and Guadeloupe are Caribbean countries. So, but politically they aren't because of them being overseas territories of France. Also, so let's look at the final definition, the diasporic definition.
This one's quite short, quite simple. A diaspora is a group of people who spread or leave from a country of origin to another to settle. And the Caribbean... diaspora therefore refers to the people of the caribbean or people of caribbean origin that even though have moved away they still have a connection with their homeland whether that be emotionally culturally economically or just by family right these people despite living elsewhere still identify themselves as Caribbean and this involves people who have migrated, descendants of those who have migrated and those who identify themselves as Caribbean simply because they practice the Caribbean culture.
So That's it for this entire video so Once again guys if you are oh, I forgot to tell you that there is a quiz at the end of this PowerPoint So you can like you can go to the end, you know Go down in the description. I don't know what I'm saying, you know go down to the description you can get the powerpoint with the questions there if you want and i guess that's it for the video so go follow me on instagram at underscore c m underscore e o cameo yes and if you're hearing this that means you've made it to the end of the video once again congratulations like subscribe and look out for the next video i'm feeling bougie anyways That's it for me. I hope you enjoyed the video.