eukaryotic cell okay this stuff you know so i'm gonna be pretty concise in a description of the organelles and i'm gonna just highlight what you need to know about the functions of those okay so we're going to start with the first organelle obviously it's going to be nucleus so the function of nucleus storage of genetic information within the nucleus now nucleus is surrounded by the membrane not one membrane actually two membranes not just a lipid bilayer two lipid bilayers within the nucleus you're gonna find nucleolus okay which is not membrane bound and the function of nucleolus is the synthesis of ribosomes okay well at least part of the rhyme rhinoceros next to the nucleus you're going to find in the plasmic reticulum so endoplasmic reticulum two types of it smooth which does not have ribosomes on it and it is responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids and rough which does have ribosomes on it and is responsible for synthesis of proteins adjacent to endoplasmic reticulum is a golgi complex or golgi apparatus the function of golgi complex is to modify so it's modification of lipids and proteins also golgi complex packages to properly modify liquids and proteins into vesicles and then those vesicles will be you know like delivered to whatever part of the cell or out of the cell so far we good okay a couple more vesicular organelles lysosomes very briefly the function is digestion um digestion of cellular fragments digestion food particles i mean digestion of whatever are we clear good um okay digestion peroxisomes so produce hydrogen peroxide surprisingly eukaryotes are capable of it and it's kind of a protective molecule there and also um they participate in metabolism of carbohydrates okay so far good moving on uh direct's assuming what is okay a couple of more things in the cell mitochondria i have a t-shirt that was given to me by students which says i promise to bring it to class once which says mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell everybody knows that so atp synthesis right we're going to focus on this function it has more functions than that but let's focus on atp synthesis and then we have chloroplast not really that super important um which contains a whole bunch of structures with the funny names like thylakoids and grana um responsible for photosynthesis okay so far we're good now let me focus your attention on these two structures here so what's interesting about mitochondria and chloroplasts is that they are products of what's called endosymbiosis they are endosymbionts what does that mean these organelles used to be bacteria mitochondria was bacteria with aerobic metabolism chloroplast was photosynthetic bacteria years ago like billions of years ago this bacteria were acquired by eukaryotic cell does that make sense if eukaryotic cell acquired only mitochondria it's a typical what's called metazoa like protozoa or animals or fungi if bacteria if eukaryotic cell acquired both mitochondria and chloroplasts it became either algal plants good so far now how do we know that these are endosymbios well to be completely honest we don't because we formally never witnessed that moment but sort of circumstantial evidence suggests the folly so double membrane both of these structures has two membranes okay when i say bacterial dna doesn't mean that it's like bacterial dna it means that the dna in these organelles looks like bacterial one am i clear and they do contain bacterial ribosomes so you can these organelles have their own ribosomes which look like bacterial ribosomes we're clear so far okay questions here good okay moving forward three more things to talk about here first is extracellular matrix extremely boring thing it's like glycocalyx can form capsules some fungi some fungi form pretty robust capsules that protect against phagocytosis uh i'm not talking about membrane because fundamentally the membrane in eukaryotes and the membrane in prokaryotes are very similar does that make sense there are devil is in the details if we go into the details there are some differences pretty substantial differences but for our intents and purposes it's a membrane okay now another structure that i wanted to go over with you is cytoskeleton so we always often present cytoskeleton as the uniquely eukaryotic structure which is not really true because acting like cytoskeleton like proteins are found in bacteria again for our intents and purposes we're going to consider it being eukaryotic structures okay so there are three types of filaments that form cytoskeleton eukaryotes microtubules they are um so let's go so what is what is dynamic dynamic means that these filaments can be um destroyed and recreated does that make sense okay so it's like your kitchen cabinets you can remove them and put them back it's like the walls in the house you can move the walls and stuff like that so and that explains the link to the function movement division associated with change okay intermediate filaments are static they maintain the cellular structure right if your structural elements like like beams in the house are collapsing the house is collapsing it's not about remodeling anymore okay you're pretty much bound right that make sense okay um intermediate filaments second they need to check okay external appendages flagella and celia both are used for movement and flagellum that flagella is the only uh appendage that can be found in the bacteria and eukaryotes there is a substantial difference though you remember that bacterial flagella they are propellers eukaryotic flagella are ores okay they have very different structure they're made out of microtubules and so on and so forth silly can be used for movement or they can be used to propel food towards what's considered to be kind of a mouth hole on the cell which is really not but you get the juice does that make sense good okay