May 21, 2025
We have learned SO much together this year! Use this study guide as a tool when you are preparing for your EOG. Also, be sure to study your vocab words, guided
notes, and reading passages.
terrestrial: anything that relates to land or planet earth abiotic: all of the nonliving parts of an ecosystem desert: a biome that gets little precipitation and has very little vegetation biotic: all of the living parts of an ecosystem tundra: extremely cold climate located near the North and South Poles and on the tops of mountains; receives very little precipitation and has no trees biome: a major ecological community such as grassland, tropical rain forest, or desert taiga: a large naturally occurring area of land with largely evergreen forest vegetation found in northern sections of the Northern Hemisphere ecosystem: all the living and nonliving things in an area that interract with each other deciduous forest: a forest containing trees that lose their leaves each year tropical rainforest: a forest that is humid and rainy for much of a year grasslands: an area of land covered mostly with grass with few bushes or trees
FIFTH GRADE SCIENCE EOG
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aquatic- living or growing in, on, or near the WATER pond- a fairly small body of still water lake- a large body of water surrounded by land ocean- a large body of salt water that covers most of Earth salinity- the amount of salt something contains plankton- small organisms that drift through bodies of water; include animals, plants, and bacteria salt marsh- an area of coastal grassland that is regularly flooded by seawater aquarium- a transparent tank of water in which fish and other water creatures and plants are kept terrarium- a transparent tank in which small land animals and plants are kept estuary- a coastal body of water where fresh water from a river mixes with salt water from the ocean
food chain- model that shows one set of feeding relationships among living things carnivore- an animal that eats only other animals herbivore- an animal that consumes only plants omnivore- an animal that eats plants as well as other animals producer- an organism that makes its own food; an organism that does not consume other plants or animals
FIFTH GRADE SCIENCE EOG
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photosynthesis- the process in which plants and some other organisms use the energy in sunlight to make food consumer- an organism that eats other living things to get energy; an organism that does not produce its own food decomposer- organisms which carry out the process of decomposition by breaking down dead or decaying organisms competition- When two or more species fight over the same prey. predator: an animal that hunts and eats another animal prey: an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal food web: shows all the things that an animal eats or is eaten by, and is a map of overlapping food chains. interdependent- when all organisms in an ecosystem depend on each other for survival dependent- an organism that relies on another organism for survival niche- the role of an organism in a community. symbiosis- is a relationship in which two species live closely together. sunlight- is the main energy source for life on earth.
cell: the basic unit of all living things (related word: cellular) unicellular: having a single cell, and performing all life processes within a single cell
multicellular: having more than one cell that perform different functions in an organism Cells in a multicellular organism are Multicellular organisms use to exchange gases with outside environment.bacteria: single-celled organisms without an organized nucleus, that can only be seen using a microscope. organism: any individual living thing microorganism: an organism that is too small for people to see with only their eyes inherit: to receive traits from a parent or parents trait: a characteristic or property of an organism dominant trait: a strong gene like brown eyes or brown hair. recessive trait: a weaker gene, like blue eyes, that hides behind dominant genes offspring: the product of a male and female parent. acquired trait: a characteristic that a living thing gets during its lifetime. learned behavior: a skill that an animal develops after it is born Both unicellular and multicellular organisms can perform the 3 basic functions of life:
STUDY GUIDE
FIFTH GRADE SCIENCE EOG
STUDY GUIDE
Inherited Traits
Learned Behaviors (Products of your environment)
Acquired Traits (Products of your environment) Hair color Ability to swim Strong muscles
Hitchhiker's thumb
Riding a bike Blisters on your
feet Height Reading a book Purple hair
Rolling your tongue
Being a good chef Bug bite
Petal Color A dog sitting on command
Scars
Tree height Folding laundry Broken bone
Dimples Speaking two languages
Paralyzed after an accident
Nervous System: Function: Sends electrical signals (messages) to all other body systems Parts/Organs
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Circulatory/Cardiovascular System: Function: Transports (moves) nutrients and oxygen to cells throughout your body. Also, transports carbon dioxide to your lungs to breathe out. Parts/Organs
Respiratory System: Function: To BREATHE! Supplies oxygen to cells and gets rid of waste (carbon dioxide) Parts/Organs
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Skeletal System Function: Protects organs in the other body systems, gives your body structure/shape/support to stand, produces red blood cells. Parts/Organs
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thermal energy: The motion of atoms and molecules that creates a change in temperature. temperature: the measure of how warm something is transfer: the movement of something from one place to another. Heat always moves from something WARMER to something COOLER. conduction: the passing of heat through a material while the material itself stays in place. Two things must be touching each other for conduction to occur! convection: the flow of heat through a liquid or a gas, causing hot parts to rise and cooler parts to sink.
convection currents: warm liquids rising or gases rising radiation: The transfer of heat through electromagnetic rays
Insulator: a material that reduces or prevents heat from passing through. The best insulators are wood and plastic. Conductor: a material that allows heat to pass through it while the material itself stays in place. The best conductors are metals. electromagnetic waves: a wave that travels at the speed of light through space due to radiation. *Objects expand as they are heated because the molecules get EXCITED! Objects contract as they are cooled.
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FIFTH GRADE SCIENCE EOG
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matter: anything that has mass and takes up space. EVERYTHING is made of matter even air! mass:: the amount of matter in an object (mass never changes, even on the moon!) conservation of mass: the mass of an object will stay the same, even if it is broken into smaller pieces or if it warmed up
*THINK ABOUT IT: If a blown up balloon gets warmed up and begins to expand
even more, has the mass actually changed?* weight: the force of gravity on an object (will change on the moon!) volume: the amount of space an object or substance takes up density: a measure of how many particles are packed together into a certain amount of space physical change: a change in matter that DOES NOT affect its chemical composition (NO new substance is formed!!) chemical change: a process that changes substances into NEW substances. Remember, after a chemical change occurs, the substance can NEVER be changed back into what it started as! solution: a combination of substances that cannot be easily separated mixture: a combination of substances that can be physically separated FIFTH GRADE SCIENCE EOG
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force: a push or a pull that is applied to an object friction: a force that opposes the motion of a body across a surface or through a gas or liquid
gravity: a force that exists between any two objects that have mass inertia:
speed: distance traveled per unit of time (Speed = Distance ÷ Time)
velocity: the speed of something in a given direction acceleration: any change in speed OR direction potential energy: stored energy in an object when it is not moving. kinetic energy: energy of an object in motion balanced forces: when two equal forces are applied to an object in opposite directions
unbalanced forces: when two forces that are not equal are applied to an object causing the object to move FIFTH GRADE SCIENCE EOG
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stay in motion until a force acts upon it. 3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. FIFTH GRADE SCIENCE EOG
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water cycle: the air, changing from liquid to gas to liquid. evaporation: the process in which a liquid changes into a gas condensation: the process in which a gas changes into a liquid the water must COOL before it can become a cloud!precipitation: any form of water particles that fall to the earth (rain, snow, sleet, hail) transpiration: the process of plants absorbing water through their roots, the water moving up to the leaves, and then evaporating vapor: water in its gaseous state runoff: water that flows downhill to rivers, streams, or lakes cirrus cloud: a high altitude cloud with a featherlike shape, made of ice crystals cumulus cloud: a puffy cloud that appears to rise up from a flat bottom stratus cloud: a cloud that forms in a blanket-like layer cumulonimbus cloud: a cloud that develops upward and brings thunderstorms humidity: the amount of water vapor in the air fog: a cloud at ground level
FIFTH GRADE SCIENCE EOG
STUDY GUIDE
trend: weather patterns over a period of time satellites: devices that are launched into space and used to collect data about weather air pressure: the weight of air pressing down on earth. *Air pressure has the greatest effect on wind speed! In a low pressure system, wind speeds will be higher. In a high pressure system, winds will be
lower*
jet stream: strong winds in a narrow stream high in the atmosphere (like a river in the sky) COLD air is found above the Jet Stream. WARM air is found BELOW the Jet Stream. Therefore, the Jet Stream is typically found between a warm air mass and a cold air mass. If the Jet Stream dips below NC, we get COLD air from the north! If it bends above NC, we get the WARM air from the south!gulf stream: a stream of water in the Atlantic ocean that carries warm water north from the south of Florida. The Gulf Stream is what keeps our winters nice and mild along the coast!forecast: a prediction, using data, about what the weather will be for a period of time in the future. mountain breeze: a cool night wind that blows down a mountain slope and replaces the warmer air in the valley sea breeze: wind that blows from sea to land land breeze: wind that blows from land to sea *Winds at the beach change direction between day and night because of
changes in TEMPERATURE!*
prevailing westerlies: the winds from the west that are most responsible for weather in North Carolina. They are named by where the wind COMES from!
FIFTH GRADE SCIENCE EOG
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front: a boundary between air masses with different temperatures
high pressure system: a mass of cool, dry air that brings fair weather including sunny skies and light winds. Remember: HAPPY high! low pressure system: a mass warm, moist air that usually brings stormy weather and strong winds. Remember: LOWSY low! El Nino: the United States (the Pacific Ocean!) El Nino can cause drought along the west coast and flooding in South America. La Nina: the United States (the Pacific Ocean!) Warm Front
Cold Front
Stationary Front
Occluded Front
Usually brings light rains followed by warmer, humid weather.
Heavy rain or snow followed by clear, cool air.
Several days of cloudy, wet weather.
LARGE amounts of rain and snow.
FIFTH GRADE SCIENCE EOG
STUDY GUIDE
Name of Tool What it Measures Anemometer Wind speed
Barometer Air pressure (most useful tool to predict upcoming
weather!) Thermometer Temperature
Rain Gauge Precipitation
Wind Vane Wind direction
Hygrometer Humidity