Overview of Aircraft Engine Fuel Systems

[Music] Midway power Air coupe 99055 mayday mayday mayday today many systems are used for the operation of engines especially internal combustion engines gas turbine engines and Rocket engines in fact these systems come together to help engines run safely and efficiently the system we will examine in this video is the fuel systems required for the operation of all engines using fossil fuels the fact that the fuel is easily ignited by its nature makes it much more dangerous than other fluids used in the engine for this reason the most important and basic task of the fuel systems used in aircraft is to ensure that the appropriate amount of fuel is delivered to the combustion chamber in a safe and appropriate amount engine fuel systems in all aircraft generally have five purposes these are increasing the pressure of the fuel taken from the aircraft fuel system heating adjusting filtering and sending it to the fuel nozzles adjusting the fuel in aircrafts actually works in a similar way to pressing the accelerator pedal in our cars as it is known to the extent that we press the gas pedal in our car fuel is sent to the engine combustion system and our car accelerates in aircrafts although the pilot manages the engine fuel system by controlling a throttle lever much more complex and complicated systems are used to fulfill this task the extraordinary atmospheric conditions that aircraft encounter in the air require much more precise and controlled operation of aircraft fuel systems compared to automobiles it even necessitates the production of fluids such as oil and fuel used in engines under special conditions today I will try to explain the CFM 56-7 engine fuel system which is widely used in the world of aircraft engine fuel systems in the fuel system of a typical CFM 56 engine the first unit in which the fuel from the aircraft fuel system enters the engine is the engine fuel pump the fuel pump is attached to the rear of the gearbox and works with the mechanical Power it receives from it there are two pressure elements and two filters in the fuel pump as low and high pressure the main task of the fuel pump is to supply pressurized fuel to the HMU that is to the servo and measurement sections of the hydromechanical unit as well as to the fuel nozzles at the same time the fuel filters on the pump undertake the task of cleaning the fuel going to the HMU the oil fuel coolers in the fuel system are the common units of the oil and fuel systems as a mechanical unit the HMU send fuel adjusted to the combustion chamber and Servo fuel system according to the reference information it receives from the eec and throttle in addition when the throttle lever is turned off and the fire extinguisher handle is activated the fuel going to the combustion chamber is stopped by the high pressure shut off valve in the HMU fuel flow transmitter on the other hand is a unit that measures the amount of fuel passing through it the task of the fuel nozzle filter which is another unit of the system is to clean the fuel by filtering it as in other filters the last part of our fuel system is the fuel nozzles fuel nozzles are responsible for ensuring proper and efficient combustion by atomizing the adjusted fuel coming through the manifolds into the combustion chamber after briefly recognizing the parts of the fuel system let's take a closer look at the operation of the system from the table the fuel coming from the aircraft fuel system that is the main and Wing tanks is taken to the engine fuel system by the engine fuel pump the fuel taken into the pump is first pressurized by the centrifugal flow low pressure pump element the pressurized fuel then goes to the idg integrated Drive generator oil cooler then to the main oil fuel heat exchanger unit the oil and fuel circulating in these two units exchange heat without physical contact with each other according to the laws of thermodynamics hot oil transfers its heat to the fuel that is it cools what is systematically desired here is to reach the ideal combustion temperature of the fuel which is quite cold that is to ensure easy and efficient combustion another task of the oil fuel cooler is to melt the frozen water particles in the cold fuel coming from the aircraft fuel tanks at high altitudes in fact the fuel contains an acceptable amount of water and this situation does not have a negative effect on combustion but since the ice particles are solid they can clog the filters and cause malfunctions in the system for these reasons it is necessary to melt the possible ice particles in the fuel by heating it the purpose of cooling the oil is to preserve the amount and properties of the oil the oil circulating in the engine oil system and aircraft generator gets extremely hot due to reasons such as circulating in areas close to the hot areas of the engine and being used to cool the bearing parts that rub against each other if the heated oil is not cooled it evaporates and is thrown into the atmosphere from the oil tanks and therefore oil consumption increases in addition the oil begins to lose its effective lubricating properties due to overheating in order to prevent these negative situations aeronautical Engineers have succeeded in eliminating these problems with the heat transfer between these two fluids the fuel which continues on its way in the system passing through the oil fuel coolers comes to the filters in order to be purified from the foreign substances in it filters filter the organic and metal particles that come with the fuel allowing a cleaner fuel to go to the mechanical systems if for any reason the fuel filter starts to get dirty a warning light may come on in the cockpit on some aircraft models when the filter is completely dirty a bypass valve in the fuel filter body opens and sends the fuel to the high pressure pump element without being filtered the fuel pressure which is further increased in the gear type high pressure pump is sent to the hydromechanical unit the servo washer filter inside the fuel pump cleans the fuel going to the HMU Servo section in case the filter is clogged a bypass valve at the filter Outlet opens allowing the fuel to go to the servo system without being filtered the servo fuel heater heats the fuel going to the servo system from an hydromechanical unit Servo fuel heater provides the cooling of the oil returning to the tank by finishing the drain oil that is the lubrication task throughout the engine the other part of the fuel coming out of the high pressure pump is firstly sent to the fuel metering valve by the hydromechanical unit and then to the fuel flow transmitter after being adjusted at the required rate then the fuel is filtered again in the fuel nozzle filter and sent into the combustion chamber that is to the fuel nozzles the hydromechanical unit also provides fuel for the operation of the engine Servo system Servo systems have no direct relationship with the combustion systems of the engine when it comes to the servo units of the engine the valves that open close with the fuel pressure in various parts of the engine should come to mind the hydromechanical unit performs many tasks by receiving fuel measurement signals from eec and aircraft with throttle movements the fuel pump always supplies the HMU with more fuel than it can use the fuel that the HMU does not use bypass fuel returns to the integrated Drive generator idg oil cooler outlet and then through the oil slash fuel heat exchanger back to the fuel pump the fuel flow transmitter provides the correct fuel Planning by sending the amount of fuel consumed in the system to the eec with electrical signals in addition this information informs the pilot about the use of engine fuel in the cockpit then the fuel goes through the fuel nozzle filter to the fuel nozzles fuel is transported to the fuel nozzles by Steel fuel manifolds fuel nozzles on the other hand provide efficient continuation of combustion by providing atomized fuel to the engine combustion chamber also hydromechanical unit provides fuel flow control to units such as fuel metering valve transient bleed valve high pressure turbine active clearance control valve low pressure turbine active clearance control valve variable bleed valves variable stator vanes I just tried to explain the operation of the fuel systems of the cfm-56 engine by simplifying it many different types of fuel systems and systems containing different parts are used in the field of Aviation it is clear that understanding these complex systems will provide great convenience to both pilots and technicians in terms of understanding how the engine works as well as finding and fixing possible malfunctions aircraft engine fuel system parts are generally similar and perform the same tasks I hope you can understand the subject in the light of the information I have given if you like my video don't forget to subscribe to my channel and click like see you in new videos [Music]

[Music] Midway power Air coupe 99055 mayday mayday mayday today many systems are used for the operation of engines especially internal combustion engines gas turbine engines and Rocket engines in fact these systems come together to help engines run safely and efficiently the system we will examine in this video is the fuel systems required for the operation of all engines using fossil fuels the fact that the fuel is easily ignited by its nature makes it much more dangerous than other fluids used in the engine for this reason the most important and basic task of the fuel systems used in aircraft is to ensure that the appropriate amount of fuel is delivered to the combustion chamber in a safe and appropriate amount engine fuel systems in all aircraft generally have five purposes these are increasing the pressure of the fuel taken from the aircraft fuel system heating adjusting filtering and sending it to the fuel nozzles adjusting the fuel in aircrafts actually works in a similar way to pressing the accelerator pedal in our cars as it is known to the extent that we press the gas pedal in our car fuel is sent to the engine combustion system and our car accelerates in aircrafts although the pilot manages the engine fuel system by controlling a throttle lever much more complex and complicated systems are used to fulfill this task the extraordinary atmospheric conditions that aircraft encounter in the air require much more precise and controlled operation of aircraft fuel systems compared to automobiles it even necessitates the production of fluids such as oil and fuel used in engines under special conditions today I will try to explain the CFM 56-7 engine fuel system which is widely used in the world of aircraft engine fuel systems in the fuel system of a typical CFM 56 engine the first unit in which the fuel from the aircraft fuel system enters the engine is the engine fuel pump the fuel pump is attached to the rear of the gearbox and works with the mechanical Power it receives from it there are two pressure elements and two filters in the fuel pump as low and high pressure the main task of the fuel pump is to supply pressurized fuel to the HMU that is to the servo and measurement sections of the hydromechanical unit as well as to the fuel nozzles at the same time the fuel filters on the pump undertake the task of cleaning the fuel going to the HMU the oil fuel coolers in the fuel system are the common units of the oil and fuel systems as a mechanical unit the HMU send fuel adjusted to the combustion chamber and Servo fuel system according to the reference information it receives from the eec and throttle in addition when the throttle lever is turned off and the fire extinguisher handle is activated the fuel going to the combustion chamber is stopped by the high pressure shut off valve in the HMU fuel flow transmitter on the other hand is a unit that measures the amount of fuel passing through it the task of the fuel nozzle filter which is another unit of the system is to clean the fuel by filtering it as in other filters the last part of our fuel system is the fuel nozzles fuel nozzles are responsible for ensuring proper and efficient combustion by atomizing the adjusted fuel coming through the manifolds into the combustion chamber after briefly recognizing the parts of the fuel system let&#39;s take a closer look at the operation of the system from the table the fuel coming from the aircraft fuel system that is the main and Wing tanks is taken to the engine fuel system by the engine fuel pump the fuel taken into the pump is first pressurized by the centrifugal flow low pressure pump element the pressurized fuel then goes to the idg integrated Drive generator oil cooler then to the main oil fuel heat exchanger unit the oil and fuel circulating in these two units exchange heat without physical contact with each other according to the laws of thermodynamics hot oil transfers its heat to the fuel that is it cools what is systematically desired here is to reach the ideal combustion temperature of the fuel which is quite cold that is to ensure easy and efficient combustion another task of the oil fuel cooler is to melt the frozen water particles in the cold fuel coming from the aircraft fuel tanks at high altitudes in fact the fuel contains an acceptable amount of water and this situation does not have a negative effect on combustion but since the ice particles are solid they can clog the filters and cause malfunctions in the system for these reasons it is necessary to melt the possible ice particles in the fuel by heating it the purpose of cooling the oil is to preserve the amount and properties of the oil the oil circulating in the engine oil system and aircraft generator gets extremely hot due to reasons such as circulating in areas close to the hot areas of the engine and being used to cool the bearing parts that rub against each other if the heated oil is not cooled it evaporates and is thrown into the atmosphere from the oil tanks and therefore oil consumption increases in addition the oil begins to lose its effective lubricating properties due to overheating in order to prevent these negative situations aeronautical Engineers have succeeded in eliminating these problems with the heat transfer between these two fluids the fuel which continues on its way in the system passing through the oil fuel coolers comes to the filters in order to be purified from the foreign substances in it filters filter the organic and metal particles that come with the fuel allowing a cleaner fuel to go to the mechanical systems if for any reason the fuel filter starts to get dirty a warning light may come on in the cockpit on some aircraft models when the filter is completely dirty a bypass valve in the fuel filter body opens and sends the fuel to the high pressure pump element without being filtered the fuel pressure which is further increased in the gear type high pressure pump is sent to the hydromechanical unit the servo washer filter inside the fuel pump cleans the fuel going to the HMU Servo section in case the filter is clogged a bypass valve at the filter Outlet opens allowing the fuel to go to the servo system without being filtered the servo fuel heater heats the fuel going to the servo system from an hydromechanical unit Servo fuel heater provides the cooling of the oil returning to the tank by finishing the drain oil that is the lubrication task throughout the engine the other part of the fuel coming out of the high pressure pump is firstly sent to the fuel metering valve by the hydromechanical unit and then to the fuel flow transmitter after being adjusted at the required rate then the fuel is filtered again in the fuel nozzle filter and sent into the combustion chamber that is to the fuel nozzles the hydromechanical unit also provides fuel for the operation of the engine Servo system Servo systems have no direct relationship with the combustion systems of the engine when it comes to the servo units of the engine the valves that open close with the fuel pressure in various parts of the engine should come to mind the hydromechanical unit performs many tasks by receiving fuel measurement signals from eec and aircraft with throttle movements the fuel pump always supplies the HMU with more fuel than it can use the fuel that the HMU does not use bypass fuel returns to the integrated Drive generator idg oil cooler outlet and then through the oil slash fuel heat exchanger back to the fuel pump the fuel flow transmitter provides the correct fuel Planning by sending the amount of fuel consumed in the system to the eec with electrical signals in addition this information informs the pilot about the use of engine fuel in the cockpit then the fuel goes through the fuel nozzle filter to the fuel nozzles fuel is transported to the fuel nozzles by Steel fuel manifolds fuel nozzles on the other hand provide efficient continuation of combustion by providing atomized fuel to the engine combustion chamber also hydromechanical unit provides fuel flow control to units such as fuel metering valve transient bleed valve high pressure turbine active clearance control valve low pressure turbine active clearance control valve variable bleed valves variable stator vanes I just tried to explain the operation of the fuel systems of the cfm-56 engine by simplifying it many different types of fuel systems and systems containing different parts are used in the field of Aviation it is clear that understanding these complex systems will provide great convenience to both pilots and technicians in terms of understanding how the engine works as well as finding and fixing possible malfunctions aircraft engine fuel system parts are generally similar and perform the same tasks I hope you can understand the subject in the light of the information I have given if you like my video don&#39;t forget to subscribe to my channel and click like see you in new videos [Music]

Transcript for:Overview of Aircraft Engine Fuel Systems

Transcript for:
Overview of Aircraft Engine Fuel Systems