Lecture Notes: The Death of General Wolfe by Benjamin West

Overview

• Benjamin West: Artist of "The Death of General Wolfe."
• First Shown: 1771 at London's Royal Academy.
• Impact: Sensation, widely reproduced, influenced King of England.

Importance of the Painting

• Subject: Depicts the death of General James Wolfe, a heroic British figure.
• Historical Context: Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec, British victory, Wolfe dies in battle.
• Royal Recognition: West appointed as historical painter to the court, awarded £1,000 annually.

Elements of the Painting

• Narrative: Combines entire battle story into one image.
  • British ships on St. Lawrence River, storming cliffs, surrender at dawn.
  • Features: British American Ranger, Native American warrior, British soldiers, French surrender.
• Visuals and Composition:
  • Detail: Sharp, vibrant colors in the foreground; muted background for depth.
  • Classical influences: Neoclassical style learned in Italy, use of visual triangle in composition.

Artistic Style

• Neoclassical Style: Inspired by Greek and Roman art.
• Techniques: Precision in foreground figures, use of contrasts, and illusion of depth.
• Composition Inspiration: Modeled after religious art (e.g., "Lamentation").

Controversy and Innovation

• Traditional vs. Modern: Traditional historical paintings featured classical/nude attire.
• Breaking Tradition: Painted soldiers in contemporary military uniforms.
• Public Reaction: Controversial among critics but popular with the public.

Legacy

• Historical Significance: Changed the depiction of historical subjects.
• Cultural Impact: Sparked debate, paved the way for future history paintings.