hmm period to 1607 to 1754 chapter 2 and 3 the 13 colonies and a British Empire colonial society in the 18th century in a period of almost hundred fifty years during the seventeenth eighteenth centuries the British established thirteen colonies along the Atlantic coast and provide a profitable trade and a home to a diverse group of people overview from the establishment of the first permanent English settlement in North America to the start of a decisive war for European control of the continent the colonies evolved at first they struggled for survival but they became Society of permanent farms plantations towns and cities Europeans brought various cultures economic plans and ideas for governing to the Americas in particular with varying approaches they all sought to dominate the native inhabitants the British took pride in the tradition of free farmers working the land the various colonies developed regional or sectional differences based on many influences including topography Natural Resources climate in the background of their settlers they largely viewed the American Indian as an obstacle to colonial growth with their emphasis on agricultural came a demand for labor and this led to a growing dependence on slavery in Atlantic slave trade to power the economy the strength of the Seven Years War signified maturity of the British colonies in the influence of the European conflicts in the power struggle for the control in North America this overview is very important first you want to pay attention in a year 1607 to 1754 this is looking at the creation of thirteen colonies right before the we get the French and Indian War oh no what you understand here is the British were very dominant they want to take over the natives they were very concerned about using the natives to their advantage as well as engaging in slave labor alternate view historians disagree on what date marks the end of the Clone some identify the conclusion of the 77 Years War in 1763 in the start of the American Revolution 1775 or the signing of a peace treaty in 1783 historians who focus on cultural rather political and military events might choose other dates for both the start and end of a period to emphasize our role non-english residents such as Scott Irish Germans and enslaved Africans in E colonies so what you won't understand here is there is a debate there's an alternative you wanna when the colonial period actually adds alright some say revolution some say seven years war seven years war and of course the war between the French and the British key concepts that you need to know Europeans developed a variety of colonisation and migration patterns influenced by different imperial goals cultures and varied North American environments where they settled and they competed with each other and American English for resources so in other words British colonists would migrate to different areas based off competition and relations with the Native Americans the British colonies participate in political social cultural and economic sixteen then courage or stronger bonds with grape with Burton resistance to Britain's control okay so this is looking here of course the relationship with the within the colonies right as well as the natives I'm sorry if the focus is on the relationship between two British colonies and Great Britain that's what this focus is on and now this is gonna lead to resistance Peru to begins with 1607 and ends in 1754 as the colonies increase in number size during this clone era the population the eastern seaboard change based on your knowledge of history and the data in the chart explained three reasons for a demographic shift in the Chesapeake Chesapeake colonies including Virginia and Maryland very important to understand so three reasons let's look at mean just going off of what we know what we've studied in class the big one is Native American population is going down right one of the reasons why I gained this dramatic shift the 1610 is because that's one colonization start they're gonna be exposed to disease obviously what you're getting with the white population increasing between 1670 in 1690 remember in the early stages of colonization 1610 1630 they struggled they struggle a lot with the cold winters being able to maintain resources however there's some form of stability more and more people from Great Britain start and move to the new world for freedom of religion for economic reasons which we'll discuss in this chapter and of course the african-american population or the black population here increases dramatically around 1690 1710 while this is because of the Atlantic slave trade the 13 colonies in the British Empire 1607 in 1754 they desired that PID and guiding the ship prosper accompanied with sobriety justice and love let them choose a country such as this even like France or England which may yield sufficiency with hard labor and Industry this is reverend john white planters plea in 1630 started starting with jamestown which is in Virginia in 1607 in any would Georgia in 1733 a total thirteen distinctly English colonies developed along the Atlantic coast of North America every colony received a tagged adenine its authority operate by means of Charter the Charter is it's simply a document that gives them special privileges from the English monarch each Charter described in general terms a relationship that was supposed to exist between a colony in the crown over time three types of charters and three types of colonies developed so you need to know these three types of colonies that are chartered that are granted permission set on the new world from England the first one is corporate colonies I'll write this in your notes such as Jamestown they were operated by joint stock companies at least during these colonies in the early years remember of people would go ahead and buy stock and then they would these colonies reformed and then these investments would go back to those investments you get the Royal colonies such as Virginia after 1624 they were to be under the direct authority and rule the Kings got glory right proprietary colonies such as Maryland in Pennsylvania were under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership so sometimes a king may have owned individuals a small amount of debt so they would use this through a propriety colony where they were giving this they were given the colonies a form of payments or gel all right so I would go ahead and make sure that you that's not it go ahead and put that under the three types of colonial charters right here so nuts Nexis talk about the English early the early English settlements unlike the French and Spanish colonists the English brought a tradition of representative government they were accustomed to hold the elections for representatives who would speak for property owners and decide and pour measures such as taxes proposed by the Kings government while political and religious conflicts dominated England feelings for an independence grew in the colonies eventually tensions emerge between the king and his colonial subjects the chapters summarize development of the English colony so the first column is you want to make sure you have down mana form of representative governments to do town halls that's a huge difference from the other colonies France and Spain next in your notes we have the early English settlements in the early 1600s England was finally in a position to colonize the lands explore explored more than a century later by John Cabot by defeating a large Spanish fleet the Spanish Armada in 1588 eggwin had gained a reputation as a major naval power also in this period English population was growing rapidly while its economy was depressed the number of poor and landless and people increase people who were attracted to opportunities in the Americas the English devised a practical method or financing the costly and risky Enterprise upon economies the joyed saw pulled the savings and many investors thereby spreading the risk thus colonies on North Atlantic coast were able to attract large numbers of English settlers big picture English settlement didn't happen I mean it happened specifically because of the large name more specifically to defeat the Spanish Armada gave British naval power you're getting a lot of poor and landless people because England is too overpopulated they want to seek you opportunity so as a result of this you're gonna get joint stock companies at home see that's a key term you wanna make sure you understand joint stock company people would pool their money they would invest in these colonies in hopes of reaping benefits back later so next thing we want to make sure that we understand is Jamestown this is the first colony that we're gonna go over Jamestown it was Kim jeans the first charted the Virginia Company a joint stock company that found the first permanent English colony in America Jamestown in 1607 so there were a lot of early problems the first settlers of James sounds suffered greatly mostly from their own mistakes the settlements location is in a swampy area along James River results in fail outbreaks of dysentery malaria moreover many of the settlers were gentlemen on a custom of physical work others were gold seeking adventurers who refused to Hunter farm one key source of good was from trade with American Indians but when conflicts erupted between settlers and natives trade would stop the sellers went hungry starvation was persistent issue in Jamestown so one of the issues is the workers weren't equipped I mean they were pretty boys at they were adventurers and gold they know how to hunt farm use a land so geographically the wha-la the land was just too swampy through the forceful leadership of Captain John Smith Jamestown survived its first five years but barely then the efforts of John Rolfe and his Indian wife Pocahontas the colony developed a new variety of tobacco that would become popular in Europe and become a profitable crop so tobacco tobacco tobacco that's how jamestown would earn its success so you want to make sure you understand big picture early problems I'd write those down but as well as the success would lead to tobacco transition to a royal colony despite tobacco by 1624 the Virginia Colony remained near collapse more than six thousand people had settled there but only 2,000 remained alive further the Virginia Company made unwise decisions that place in heavy death King James first had seen enough he revoked the charter of the bankrupt company and took the wrecked controlled economy now known as Virginia the colony became England's first royal pound so tobacco would be the long-term success but reason why the short-term success exists is specifically because King James would then take it as a royal colony next thing you want to make sure you write down your notes Plymouth in Massachusetts Bay religious motivation not the search for wealth was the principle force behind the settlement of two other English colonies Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay both were settled by English Protestants who would distance it from the official government supported Church of England also known as the Anglican Church the leader of the Church of England was a monarch of England the Church of England had broken away from the control of the Pope in Rome so it was no longer part of the Roman Catholic Church a barber and kept most of the Catholic rituals and governing structure the dissenters influenced by the teachings of Swiss theologian John Calvin charged in the Church of England should break more completely with Rome in addition did the censors adopted Calvin's doctrine of predestination they believed that God guides those who have selected the salvation even before their birth England's King James 1st who reigned from 1603 1625 viewed religious dissenters as threat to his religious and political authority and order them arrested and jailed so main thing we won't understand here is the Massachusetts Bay Colony is going to form as a result of freedom of religion right you're getting these Calvinists that are critical of the Anglican Church because they feel like that they are it didn't evoke too much change from the Catholic Church the Plymouth Colony radical dissenters to the Church of the censors to the Church of England were known as separatists because they wanted to organize a completely separate Church that was independent of royal control several hundred separate says left England for Holland in search of religious freedom because of their travel as it became known as pilgrims economic hardship and cultural differences from a Dutch who led many of the pilgrims to seek another haven for the religion they chose a new colony in America then operated by the Virginia Company of London in 1620 small groups of pilgrims set sail for Virginia abroad Mayflower fewer than half of the hundred passengers on the ship were separatists the rest were people who had economic motives for making the voyage after a hardest only voyage of 55 days in Mayflower drop anchor of messages coats a few hundred miles to north of the intended destination in Virginia rather than going on in Jamestown his plan the pilgrims decided to establish a new colony at Plymouth so we're getting a Plymouth Colony some of the people around here they're known as separatists because they wanted to separate the necklace in church just as I stated but this is still economically driven it was funded a lot of people are also going of course to make a find a better standard of living because England was overcrowded early hardships after a first winner that saw half their number perish the settlers at Plymouth were helped to adapt the land by friendly American Indians they celebrated harvest and a Thanksgiving feast in 1621 under strong leaders including Captain miles Standish and governor William Bradford the Plymouth Colony grew slowly but remained small fish furs and lumber it became the mainstays of the economy Massachusetts Bay Colony before you get this in your notes a group of more moderate the sensor's believe the Church of England could be reformed because they wanted to purify the church they became known as Puritans the prophet the persecution of Puritans increased when the new King Charles refers to Rome and in 1625 seeking religious freedom a googol Puritans gained a Royal Charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1630 about a thousand Puritans led by John Winthrop sail from Massachusetts ashore and found in Boston several other towns a civil war in England 1630s robe 15,000 sailors the Massachusetts Bay Colony a movement known as a great migration the great migration so you're getting the Puritans that of course seeking religious persecution you're also doing the civil war that's going on that's influencing a lot of people to move early political institutions so you won't understand how politics and government function in these colonies first let's get Virginia the Virginia Company encouraged settlement and Jamestown by guaranteeing calm same rights as residents of England including representation lawmaking process in 1619 just 12 years after the founding of Jamestown Virginia organized the first representative assembly in America the House of Burgesses so you want to make sure you would know this House of Burgesses that these citizens were given the rights the same rights as residents of England right very important understand represent govern in New England how broad the Mayflower in 1620 the pilgrims drew up and sign a document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of majority this document known as the Mayflower Compact was an early form of colonial self-government rudimentary written constitution in Massachusetts Bay Colony all freedmen male members appear in church their right to participate nearly election to the colonies his assistance in representative assembly so once again representation this is setting the roots of the American Revolution or what's going to become the America because you're getting representations right you're getting form of government that's outside of that of England limits the Colio democracy despite these steps most colonists were excluded from the political process only male property owners could vote for representatives those who are either female or landless had a few rights slaves and indentured servants and practically none at all also many colonial governments rule autocratic or unlimited powers answering only the king or others in England who provide the connie's financial support thus the gradual development of democratic ideas and connie's coexisted with anti-democratic practices de slavery and the widespread mistreatment of American Indians Arnold is saying only white property owners thrived that's it we're gonna Chesapeake colonies Chesapeake colonies in 1632 King Charles at first so divided the Virginia Colony he charred a few he charred a new Kanye years how to Chesapeake get pay and grants control of it to George Calvert Lord Baltimore as a reward for his cat no woman service to the crown the new colony of Maryland thus became the first propriety colony so member where you can make where the the king is kind of reward giving and providing the colony to individuals will reduce issues in Maryland the king expected prior to carry out his wishes faithfully thus giving him control over a colony the first Lord Baltimore died before he could greet Walt in his colony all US providing a haven for his fellow Catholics the Maryland proprietorship passed to his son Cecil Calvert the second Lord Baltimore who sent him planning his father's plan in 1634 there is an act of toleration that's passed here to avoid persecution England several wealthy English Catholics emigrated to Maryland and established a large colonial plantation they were quickly a number however by price and farmers Protestants therefore held majority in England's Maryland Assembly in 1649 Kalber persuaded their assembly to adopt the act of toleration the first colonial statute granting the religious freedom to all Christians however the statue also called for the death of anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus so what this is saying is in Maryland you understand is that they had a little toleration because you had a lot of Protestant farmers that were moving there remember it was Catholic proprietorship right but so David they said that well Louis's toleration is a lot only if you believe that Jesus so therefore and no Muslims and also no Jews would be allowed or Native Americans would be granted right they had to believe in Jesus mm-hmm price and revolts in the late 1600s Protestant resentment against a Catholic proprietor erupted in a brief civil war the process triumphed an act of toleration was repealed Catholics lost their right to vote in elections for the Maryland assembly 18th century Midlands economy and society was much more like at Maryland Virginia so the Maryland there was greater tolerance religious diversity among Protestant sects so eventually Catholics would lose the right because into voting elections right and that's because of these Protestant approximate the civil war that was going on in England labor shortages so this he needs to understand indentured servitude in both Maryland and Virginia a landowner saw great opportunities they could get land either by taking it from or trading it with American Indians and Europeans had a growing demand for tobacco however they could not find enough laborers for example Virginia and high death rate from disease food shortages and battles the American Indians meant that the population was growing very slowly landowners tried to find several ways to find the workers they wanted so as results of the extreme amount of death that the new colonists were experiencing they just couldn't find workers so we're getting what we called indentured servants notice put this in your notes at first the Virginia Company hoped to meet the need for labor using indentured servants under contract with a master or landowner who paid for their passage young people from the British Isles agreed to work for a specified period usually four to seven years in return for room and board in effect indentured servants were under the absolute ruler of the interest until the end of their work period at the expiration of the period they gained their freedom either work for wages or obtained land of their own farm for landowners the system provided labor is only temporarily so in other words if you're from Europe you can't go to New Worlds and touch it servants now after a period of time you would be given your freedom that you buy your own land right but of course these are property owners of ones that are paying or your freedom right this is eventually gonna lead to American Revolution because you're not gonna be enough land headright system Virginia attempted to attract immigrants through offers of land the colony opted for 50 acres of land each immigrant who paid for his own passage any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage so basically what they're saying is that a if you pay for your own passage will give you an slavery in 1619 a Dutch ship brought an unusual group of indentured servants to Virginia they were black Africans because English law at the time did not recognize red eteri slavery the first Africans in Virginia we're not in bondage for life in children born and them were free moreover the early colonists were struggling to survive we're too poor and purchased Africans who were being imported slaves for sugar plantations in the West Indies by 1650 there were only about 400 African laborers in Virginia however by the in the 1600s the Virginia House of Burgesses and enacted laws that discriminate between blacks and whites Africans and their offsprings were to be kept in primitive bondage they were slaves so you won't understand but the first Africans that came to the came to the new world were actually indentured service and specifically because many people were too poor to actually afford slaves it would be around the mid 1600s when finally there was some degree of wealth where they would be bought as slaves economic problems beginning the 1660s low tobacco prices due largely to overproduction from hard times the Chesapeake colonies Maryland and Virginia when Virginia's House of Burgesses attempt to rise tobacco prices prices the merchants of London retaliated by raising their own prices on export of goods to Virginia so you're getting a trade award first trade war between Great Britain and of course the new world conflict in rebellion conflict and rebellion in Virginia sorry make sure you get this in your notes you know Bacon's Rebellion Sir William Berkley the royal governor of Virginia used Victoria powers to govern on behalf of the large planters he antagonized small farmers on Virginia's western frontier because he failed to protect them from Indian lands so you're gonna Bacon's Rebellion Nathaniel bacon an impoverished gentle farmer seized upon the grievances of what fits Western farmers to lead a rebellion against Berkeley's government bacon and others resented economic and political control and exercised bail are by a few large planters in the Chesapeake area he raised an army of volunteers in 1676 conducted a series of raids and massacres against American Indian villages on Virginia frontier Berkeley's government and James son accused bacon a rebellion against royal authority Bacon's armies to seed in defeating the government forces and even burn jamestown settlement soon afterwards bacon died dysentery in the rebel army who collapsed governor Berkeley brutally suppressed remnants and insurrection executing 22b rebel so what you gettin up gettin here is bacon ki is rebelling against the power of the large farmers that existed in the Chesapeake area he felt as if the touchid servants and smaller farmers just could not have any power they didn't have any power of it the large the wealthy than riches or the ones that one word and monopolies not monopolizing all the power in the Chesapeake Bay area so what he ends up doing is he of course burns down Jamestown and he dies he dies a dysentery right eventually the rebellion is put down some of the problems although was short-lived Bacon's Rebellion highlighted to lasting disputes in colonial Virginia number one there were sharp class differences between wealthy planters landless or poor farmers colonial resistance through all control these problems would continue in the next century even after generous general conditions of life in the Chesapeake colonies became more stable and prosperous so wealth wealth differences you're getting the of course to wealthy business owner or the wealthy plantation owners are poor sorry the wealthy wealthy planters they are the ones that had the best trade relations and the best land on the other hand you're getting indentured servants they're neither worse and often have to deal more with maybe with the natives development of New England strong development of New England strong religious convictions help sustain settlers and struggle to establish the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony however appeared and leaders showed intolerance and anyone who questioned their religious teachings the Puritans often banished descendants of the from the bank on these banished dissidents form settlements that would develop its who Rhode Island and Connecticut Rhode Island he personally iya knows Roger Williams once a Boston in 1631 as a respected pure demeanor administer he believed however that the individuals conscience was beyond the control of any civil church or authority his teachings on his point placed him in conflict with other peer leaders who ordered his banishment from the Bay Colony leaving Boston Williams fled South were two ranks at bay where he and a few followers followed the settlement of Providence in 1636 the new colony was unique into respects first recognized the rights of American Indians and paid them for the reuse of their land second Williams government allowed catholics quakers and jews to worship freely williams also founded one the few baptist church in america so you need to know that roger williams to go ahead and start the colony of Rhode Island specifically because he believed in religious tolerance his views were against that and they contradicted a Puritan base so he would go to Rhode Island about the colony have good relations with natives another key thing you want to understand another dissident who questioned the big doctrines of the period and authorities was Anne Hutchinson she believed and anatolian is an idea that faith alone not deeds is necessary for salvation the managed from the Bay Colony thought you sit in a group of followers but in the colony of Portsmouth in 1638 not far from a Williams colony of Providence years later Hutchinson migrated to Long Island was killed in an American Indian Impreza Connecticut Connecticut to the west of Rhode Island the Fertile Connecticut River Valley attracted other settlers who were happy with the Massachusetts authorities the Reverend Thomas Hooker led a large group of Boston Puritans since the valley on the colony of Hartford in 1636 the heart source others then drew up the first written constitution in American history Fundamental Orders of Connecticut it established a representative government because consisting of legislators elected by popular vote and the governors chosen by legislature south of Hartford a second settlement in Connecticut Valley was started by John Davenport 1637 that given the name you hate in 1665 New Haven joined with the more democratic Hartford settlers to form the colony of Connecticut the world charter from Connecticut granted a limited degree of self-government including an election of a governor so once again you're getting another representative government New Hampshire the last colony to be found New England was New Hampshire originally part of Massachusetts Bay consisted of few settlements north to Boston hoping to increase our royal royal control over the colonies king charles ii separated new hampshire Bay Colony and it made a royal colony subject to the authority of an appointed governor next we're getting halfway covenant very important now in 1660 a generation in the past since the founding of the Puritan colony is in New England to be full member of a Puritan congregation an individual needed to have a self profound religious experience known as conversion this is with the one now you become part of being lightened however few members of the Nugent born generation we're having such experiences in an effort to maintain the church's influence and membership a half way coming it was offered by some clergy others people could become a partial church member even if they had not felt a conversion other ministers rejected to half way coming in and announced it from the pulpit nevertheless as a years passed strict period and practices weakened in most New England communities or maintained church memberships so of course we're getting the new uh the halfway covenant they were it was a way to get more people to join Kurt's in church because they were losing a lot of their influence during the convert convert New England Confederation in the 1640s the New England colonies faced a constant threat of attack from American Indians the Dutch in the French because England was the midst of a civil war the colonists could expect little assistance therefore in 1643 for an England colonies New England colonies formed a military alliance known as a New England Confederation the Confederation was directed by a board composed of two representatives from each colony in limited powers at Dunn boundary disputes the return of runaway servants and dealings with American Indians the Confederation last until 1684 when Colonial Drive Aesir ival Rees had renewed control by the English from honor brought his first experiments in colonial cooperation into an ad it was important because established a first president for colonies taking unified action towards a common purpose so one thing you understand is the show is set this so shows a lot of neglect by Great Britain that you have to have this New England Confederation form in order to protect themselves against people such as the Dutch the Indians and the French so this kind of sets the press what's gonna be the colonies later on King Phillip's war only a few years before the Confederations demise helped the New England colonists cope successfully with the dire threat chief I'll do the Whopper nags named Medicom known as the colonists is King Philip you know and many tribes of southern England against the English settlers we're constantly encouraging or encroaching the American Indians lands in vicious war in 64 our 75 and 76 thousands on both sides were killed and dozens of towns villages were burned eventually the colonial forces prevailed killing King Philip in any most of American resistance in New England so King Philip's War is you want to see this is kind of one of the last stances that existed for the Native Americans in European territory so we should be we've talked about the governments existed in Virginia and New England as well as limits to clone a democracy we talked about labor shortages slavery economic problems all these sections and we are currently in the restoration colonies so let's go through some of these questions here before I move on compare contrast English model of colonization to that of French and Spanish will Spanish you the three genes remember the main reason for respiration was God glory in Jesus no not Jesus God glory and gold right with the Spanish you would have the encomienda system as well as the Casa system with the social structure well with the English model no you're not necessarily getting that you're getting proprietorships that were set up right you're getting so it's more based off of just rule it was more based off of the royal colony rather than it was compared to Spain and with the French well you're getting more of is just more for trade right fur trade it's clearly not for economic reasons so a similarity I guess you could say between English and Spanish was that there was consistency amongst a lot of it was motivated by the monarch right you could say a similarity between the Spanish and English was just the brutality that was used on natives right disease spread rapidly with the English that they did develop trade relations but they considered but they would go ahead and continue to encroach on Native American lands and engage in war with the natives right you can you compare King Phillip's war to comparing that to dis remain Cortes and his treatment of the Aztecs a difference would be Spanish they would of course used encomienda system English would use the invented servitude system right so the in order to get more people to come over to the new world that's one things that you would have is you would have workers that would work for a period of time immigrants in the land right and of course a difference with the French French they were more motivated by the fur trade and like I said better economic relations so what extent was a defeat the Spanish Armada a turning point in American history he was a huge turning point because this would establish British confidence in the Navy which would then encourage more exploration to the new world explain one political one economic cause for for Jamestown early struggles for survive when economic would you could look at scarcity of resources right as a result of the scarcity of resources the people that were moving to Jamestown remember it was a joint stock company right was that they were they weren't necessarily farmers or hunters right so they know how to use a land when you look at the land the land was pretty swampy so they eventually had to learn from the natives and how to utilize the best methods to be successful and yes it's important to understand that there was tobacco that was used tobacco was was very successful but it was not well run by the by the joint stock company that existed so therefore the King King James would have to go on and take it over compare and contrast Jamestown and Plymouth remember both of these colonies were chartered by the by the monarchy or regime sounds more economic while you're getting the Plymouth Colony there was more for seeking just a religious freedom compare and contrast the political development of Virginia on to that of New England are they more similar or are they more difference so some some layers you understand is once again look at that actually the political development of it I'd say a similarity is that they're both very representative you'll get the House of Burgesses that would be set up in yeah the house Burgess is not be set up in Virginia and then of course in New England colony is you get the Mayflower Compact which made a representative government but it's similarity you wanna make sure you understand though is that it was typically only white men on their own property that had power in terms of the legislative process okay I'm just gonna go through some of these because I want to get through the reading all right so let's go to the restoration colonies restoration colonies new American colonies were funded in the 17th century during a period in English history known as restoration the Carolinas as a war for helping gain through Rome charles ii grants a huge tract of land between Virginia and Spanish Florida a Nobles who in 1663 became the Lord proprietors of the Carolinas in 1721 to Royal Connie South Carolina and North Carolina were formed from the original grant South Carolina in 1670 and the southern Carolina is a few colonists from England and some planners from the island of Barbados pondok to a colony to further King initially the southern Connie was based on training furs and providing food for the West Indies by the middle of 18th century South Carolina's large growing rice plantations worked by enslaved Africans were assembled to colonies of the West Indies so what's one thing you wanna make sure you understand South Carolina's large plantations the utilizing slavery that they're used to in the West Indies North Carolina Noora part of the Carolinas developed differently these farmers from Virginia and New England is to have a small self-sufficient tobacco farms the region had few good harbors and ports per tation getif or compared to South Carolina there were fewer larger plantations and less reliance on slavery North Carolina in the 18th century under a reputation for democratic views and autonomy from British control from North Carolina a little bit different URL so you're getting tobacco is the main crop new york charles a second wish to consolidated crowns holdings along the atlantic coast and close the gap between New England and Chesapeake colonies this required compelling the Dutch to give up their colony of New Amsterdam centered on Manhattan Island and the Hudson River Valley in 1660 for the King granted his brother the Duke of York the lands line between Connecticut and Delaware Bay as the Lord High Admiral of the Navy James dispatched a force they easily to control the dutch colony from his governor Peter Stuyvesant James ordered his agents in the name of the New York colony a treatment Dutch latter as well and to allow them freedom into worship they please speak their own language James also ordered new taxes duties and rents without seeking the constant the consent representative assembly in fact he insisted would no assembly should be allowed to form in this colony both taxation without representation met strong opposition from New York's english-speaking settlers most of whom were Puritans from New England finally in 1683 James yielded by allowing York's governor to grant broad civil and political rights including a representative assembly so on all King James he wants to connect the middle II the middle colonies with New England colonies so he goes ahead and he takes over New York from the Dutch he established his colony he starts taxing individuals and people are saying oh well you know you want taxation with representation so we allow them to formulate their own representative council or assembly so it kind of shows what's foreshadowing in the revolution later on New Jersey believing that the territory of New York was too large to administer change split it up in 1664 he gave a section of the colony located in Hudson River in Delaware Bay to lower Berkeley and Sir George cataract in 1674 one proprietor received Western Jersey the other in East New Jersey to attract settlers both proprietors made generous land offers and allowed religious freedom assembly eventually they sold a provider interest to various groups of Quakers land titles and jerseys changed hands repeatedly in a key accurate inaccurate property lines cabinet of general confusion Salim Mathers the crowd decided in 1790 to combine two jerseys into a single colony New Jersey next we're getting Pennsylvania and Delaware to the west of New Jersey is a broad expanse of forested land was originally settled by the peace-loving Christian sect the Quakers Quakers they remember of the religious Society of Friends commonly known as Quakers they believed in equality of all men and women non-violence and resistance to military service they further believed that religious authority was found within each person's soul and not in the Bible and on any outside source such views arose a radical challenge to establish Authority therefore the Quakers England were persecuted in jail for their beliefs so William Penn so he needs to understand that Pennsylvania of course we're getting the Quaker populations their thing Quaker coats that paragraph kind of sums up through a religious belief so it's definitely different from the nking Church William Penn was a young Kabat it was a young convert to the Quaker faith his father and his father had served the King as a victorious Admiral although the elder Penn opposed his son's religious beliefs he respected William sincerity and bequeath him considerable wealth in addition Burwell family owed the father a large debt which they paid to William in 1689 in form of grants of American land in the form of an American land for colony that he would call Pennsylvania so William Penn he was a convert of the Quaker faith the king had owed him a lot of money so therefore he gave up some land to become known as Pennsylvania and in this land you'd have what we call the holding experiment Penn put his Quaker beliefs to the test in the colony he wants his new colony to provide a religious refuge for K Quakers and other persecuted people to enact liberal ideas in the government and to generate income in profits for himself provide the colony with a frame of government 1682 1683 which guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners written constitution the charter of liberties which guarantee the freedom of worship and all for unrestricted immigration so he's seeking religious persecution and in it is Connie he's also allowing religious tolerance unlike other colonial proprietors who govern for a far from England pen across the ocean to supervise awning of Newtown on a Delaware River named Philadelphia he brought to him a plan for a grid pattern of streets which was later imitated by other American cities also unusual was puns attempt to treat the American Indians fairly and not to cheat them on purchasing their land so he treated the Native Americans fairly he would go ahead and steal the grid system of roads which should be used a lot of cities even today and of course religious freedom to track sellers to his new land peered and hired agents and published in published notices throughout Europe which promoted political and religious freedom and generous land terms pens land along the Delaware River had previously been settled by thousands of Dutch Swedish cogsa colonists which eased the arrival of new Connor's attracted pence promotion Delaware in 1702 been granted lower three counties in Pennsylvania their own assembly in fact Delaware became a separate colony even though its governor was the same as Pennsylvania's until the American Revolution so make sure you had those two in your notes Georgia the last colony in 1732 the thirteen colonies was chartered it was the last of British colonies and only ones who receive direct financial support in London from London there were two reasons for British interest in the new southern economy first Britain want to create a defensive buffer to protect prosperous South Carolina South Carolina plantations from the threatened Spanish Florida second thousands of people in England were being in prison for debt wealthy financier is thought it would be a relief that overcrowded jails in debtors was shipped to American colony start life over so two reasons Georgia number one as a buffer to protect South Carolina from Spanish Florida and as well as their jails were overcrowded you know the best thing to do was those that had large debt Khem start over senator Georgia Merkel is Amanda Empire most European kingdoms in the 17th century adopted the economic policy and mercantilism we looked upon trade colonies and accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country's military and political strength according to the mercantilist doctrine the government should regulate trade and production to enable it to become self-sufficient colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country for the growth and profit of that country's industries colonies existed for one purpose only to enrich the parent country mercantilist policies had guided both the Spanish and the French colonies from their inception mercantilism began to be applied to the English colonies however only after the turmoil of the Civil War had subsided acts of trade navigation so you need to understand what mercantilism is getting raw material is being sent from the new world back to the old world old world is can benefit from it higher a lot of wealth and some manufactured products back to the new world acts of trade and navigation England's government implemented a merchants policy with a series of navigation acts between 1573 which established three rules for colonial trade number one trade to and from colonies could be carried only by English or colonial build ships it could be operated by English or colonial crews so it's basically saying is if you're gonna trade with with Europe from you were on the old world it has to be on English ships all goods imported economies except for some perishables had to pass through ports in England right so another thing that's very important is is when you're looking at you are trading with all goods imported into the colonies right they have to go through English ports so once again putting a lot of trade limitations specified or numerated goods from colonies could be exported to England only tobacco was the only numerator good but over the years the list was greatly expanded so you're looking at some of these goods it can only trade with England specifically so ensure you can only trade with England impact on economies navigation effects had navigation X had mixed effects on these colonies the acts cause New England shipping to prosper provided Chesapeake tobacco with monopoly in England and by the English military forces to protect the colonies from potential attacks by the French and Spanish however the facts also seriously limited development the colonial manufacturing they forest Chesapeake farmers to accept low prices for their crops and caused colonists to pay high prices for manufactured goods from England in many respects merchants list regulations were unnecessary his England would have been the colony's primary trading partner in any case furthermore the economic advantage for the Navigation Acts were offset by their negative political effects on British colonial relations colonies were scented that regulatory laws imposed by the distance government in London especially in New England colonists abide acts by smuggling in French Dutch and other goods so they were upset because its taxation without representation even though they were only allowed to trade with England the colony is they were getting ripped off because of these mercantilist ideas that the mother country should be the one that benefits so they would smuggle smuggle smuggle enforcement of Acts the British government was often laxed and enforcing the acts and its agents and cons were known for their corruption occasionally however the crown would attempt to overcome colonial resistance and trade laws in 1684 it revoked the charter of Massachusetts Bay because they were smuggling too much you're getting sad showing the black right satellite showing the black sorry I were it's just the English not doing anything to enforce this not doing anything to enforce this so therefore columns gonna continue smuggle however they become more stringent and this is this frigid sea is gonna eventually lead to the American Revolution the dominion of New England and New King James a new King James is second succeeded in throne eighty-five he was determined to increase rule call control over the colonies but combine them in larger administrative units and doing away with the representative assemblies in 1686 he combined New York New Jersey and the various new moon colonies and to sing yuuna called in dominion of New England Sir Edmund Andros was sent from England to serve as governor the Dominion you were the new governor made himself instantly unpopular by levying taxes limiting Tom meetings and revoking land titles James a second did not remain a powerful law his attempts to asserting his royal power led to memorising against him the Glorious Revolution of 88 succeeded in disposing James nor placing him with two new sovereigns oi'm and Mary James fell from power then brought the dominion of New England to an end in the colonies again operated under separate charters so ensure you're getting here the King James second he's taking away the charters have certain colonies and creating one whole large Union under governorship mr. Andros right but this is a fail because number one you're getting a Glorious Revolution in 1688 in England that overthrows King James a second William and Mary are put in place and then those charters are brought back despite the Glorious Revolution mercantilist policies remain in force in eighteenth century there were more English officials in the colonies in any other era strictures on colonial trade through poorly Boris were widely resent in the resistance so more taxes on trade more ways to benefit the colonies right oh sorry more ways to benefit the mother country not the colonies and this is gonna be to the revolution the institution of slavery more important than mercantilism the early eighteenth century was a growth of slavery and by half of Virginia's population to tow by half by 1750 half of Virginia population two threads at the South Carolina or enslaved increased demands for slaves remember the South Carolina was a plantation economy for tobacco tobacco tobacco they need people to work these plantations the following factors explain why slavery increased importance in terms of some economies reduce migration increase in wages in England reduce supply of immigrants to the colonies a listener living was getting better in England so therefore less people were migrating dependable workforce large plantation owners were disturbed by political demands and small farmers and indentured servants and by the disorders of Bacon's Rebellion they thought the slavery would provide a stable workforce under control indentured servitude were then that servants were rebelling right Bacon's Rebellion perfect example cheap labor as simple as tobacco prices spell rice and bingo became the most popular profitable crops to grow such crops required a large land and more expensive more and many inexpensive relatively unskilled hands so you're looking at a move from tobacco to rice and indigo these were larger plantations you need people to work these plantations there's a large number of slaves increased white colonists adopt laws to ensure the African Americans would be held in bondage for life and the slave status would be herded in 1641 Massachusetts became the first Conny recognize this layman of lawful captors Virginia and 61 and after legislation and schooling the automatically inherited their mothers and slave status by sixty sixty four million and declared that baptism do not affect enslaved persons status and that white woman could not marry african-american men it became customary for whites to regard all blacks as social inferiors racism slavery became integral part of society triangular trade a so slave laws I mean you could think about the one-drop rule you could think about basically slave laws it said that seeing that if you are a slave that your children would be slaves as well the 17th century English trade enslaved African Americans had been a monopolized by single colony this is the well African company but after this monopoly expired many New England merchants entered a lucrative slave trade so basically the triangular trade became competition the RA after all African company no longer has a monopoly so you're getting different companies form they engage in the slave trade which is just regular follow a triangular or three-part trade route first first a shipping start from New England poor such as Boston would carry rum across the Atlantic to West Africa bear the rum would be traded for hundreds of captive Africans next the ship was set on the horrendous Middle Passage those Africans to survive the frightful voyage would be traded slaves in the West in these in the cargo for sugarcane gird completing the last part the ship would return to England where the sugar would be sold to be used in making realm right so very important what do you want to understand something's gonna skim through some of these so I went through all these in the notes identify the causes and motivations of the British mercantile system which one is the most significant why so its wealth or the mother country remember you're getting raw goods material from a new world to the old world to the mother country the mother country would then go ahead and engage policies to ensure that they were reaping the benefits financially from this we make manufactured goods send it back to the new world I think it's most significant that understand that the mother country was benefiting from this because that is what's gonna lead to the American Revolution taxation without representation explain the political economic and cultural impact of the British mercantile system I mean the easy one to do is political you're getting taxation without representation big issue there right to what extent did African slavery differ regionally in eighteenth-century North America I mean it was mostly used in South specifically for plantations right that's one thing you want to understand it's also different from the from the South America where we Spaniards use it because remember I would Spain you would get one of you you get I want to use a word yeah I guess you could say I mean you would get breeding you would have a Spanish man and also natives that would go ahead and form family families and it would be in a racial mixing in North America you would not get that yeah you do not I would say you don't need to do the hit but we will do the hip and cross so you'll save yourself a lot of time you do not need to do the math