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Goffman's Dramaturgy Theory

Oct 2, 2025

Overview

This lecture discusses sociologist Erving Goffman's theory of dramaturgy, focusing on how people present themselves differently in public and private settings.

Goffman's Observations on Social Behavior

  • People consciously plan their actions to influence how others perceive them.
  • Individuals act differently in group settings compared to when they are alone.
  • The goal is to present the best possible version of themselves to others.

Dramaturgy: The Theatrical Metaphor

  • Dramaturgy refers to using theatrical concepts to explain people's social interactions.
  • Social life is compared to acting in a play, where individuals perform roles.

Frontstage Behavior

  • "Frontstage" is when individuals are in social settings and act for an audience.
  • People may pretend to like things or adopt behaviors to fit in and make friends.
  • Frontstage actions are designed to shape others' impressions positively.

Backstage Behavior

  • "Backstage" is the private area where people can be themselves without an audience.
  • Actions backstage reflect a person's true preferences and personality.
  • Few or no people see an individual's backstage behavior.

Social Media and the Blurring of Stages

  • Social media encourages people to present a front even in their private lives.
  • Individuals may portray themselves as happier or more interesting than they really are.
  • The distinction between frontstage and backstage is increasingly blurred online.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Dramaturgy — A theory by Goffman explaining social interactions as theatrical performances.
  • Frontstage — Social setting where people perform roles to influence how others see them.
  • Backstage — Private setting where people act as their true selves without concern for others' impressions.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review concepts of frontstage and backstage for class discussion.
  • Reflect on examples from your own life where you notice these behaviors.
  • Prepare to discuss how social media may affect your frontstage and backstage.