Title:
URL Source: file://pdf.91773483b4a2680330d48a871a0d210b/
Markdown Content:
Reading Check
> Summarize
> What were the main disputes between the United States and Britain?
Lesson 3
# Settling International Issues The Big Idea
The Monroe administration secured and expanded its borders by settling issues with other nations.
Main Ideas
>
The United States and Great Britain settled their disputes over boundaries and control of waterways.
>
The United States gained Florida in an agreement with Spain.
Key Terms and People
James Monroe Rush-Bagot Agreement Convention of 1818 Adams-Ons Treaty
If YOU were there . . .
You are a Spanish settler living in West Florida in 1820. Your family has lived in Florida for many years. Only a few years ago, people in Spanish Florida were furious when American soldiers occupied the town of Pensa-cola. Now you hear that Spain has signed a treaty with the United StatesFlorida is no longer Spanish territory but rather part of the United States.
How would you feel about living under a new government? Settling Disputes with Great Britain
In 1816 voters elected James Monroe to the presidency. From 1817 to 1825, Monroes administration achieved a series of brilliant diplomatic successes. These successes settled long-standing disputes and helped secure and expand the borders of the United States. For example, although the War of 1812 was over, there were still issues between Britain and the United States. Tensions remained high along the United States northern border with British Canada. Both nations kept armed naval fleets in the Great Lakes to protect their interests. On April 20, 1817, the two sides signed the Rush-Bagot
Agreement , which limited naval power on the Great Lakes. In effect, the agreement demilitarized the border. Each nation agreed to keep only one military ship and one cannon on Lake Ontario and Lake Champlain. For the other Great Lakes, each nation was permitted two ships. Another treaty with Britain gave the United States fishing rights off parts of the Newfoundland and Labrador coasts. This treaty, known as the Convention of 1818 , also set the border between the United States and Canada at 49N latitude as far west as the Rocky Mountains. Interest in the valuable fur trade in the Oregon Country was another issue resolved by this treaty. Both countries agreed to occupy the Pacific Northwest together, an agreement that would be tested in the years to come.
> Module 8
292 Gulf of Mexico
> 42ndParallel49thParallel
UNORGANIZED TERRITORY (FLORIDA) MISSOURI TERRITORY UNORGANIZED TERRITORY
OREGON COUNTRY
ARKANSAS TERRITORY
BRITISH TERRITORY
MICHIGANTERRITORY
SPANISH TERRITORY
ATLANTIC OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN ROCKYMOUNTAINSA P P A L A C H I ANMOUNTAINS
MS LA AL GA SC NC VA PA NY VT NH ME CT MD DE NJ RI MA TN KY IL IN OH
> N
> MississippiRive rArkansasRiverRedRiverSabineRiver
GreatLakes
> 90W 110W 80W 70W
> W 120W
> 0N
> 0N
> 0N
> NSWE
> U.S.Canadian border, Convention of 1818 U.S.Spanish territory border, Adams-Ons Treaty of 1819 From Britain to United States, 1818 From Spain to United States, 1819 Disputed by United States and Great Britain, 1818 0200 400 Miles 0200 400 Kilometers
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# United States Gains Florida
The United States also had disputes along its southern border with Span-ish Florida. After the War of 1812, the Seminoles in Florida continued to welcome runaway slaves from the United States. In turn, Americans con-tinued to enter Florida. Some came as settlers, and others came to capture escaped slaves. Encounters between these Americans and the Seminoles were unfriendly. From 1817 to 1818, the Seminoles and their African American allies fought against Americans in a series of small battles that came to be known as the First Seminole War. In April 1818, under General Andrew Jackson, U.S. troops invaded Flor-ida. They drove out the Seminoles living in East Florida near the Georgia border, as well as those living west of the Suwannee River. Jackson wrote to the United States government that the possession of Florida would be desirable [good] . . . and in sixty days it will be accomplished.
Interpret Maps 1. Place What territory did the United States acquire from Spain in 1819?
2. Region What western region was claimed by both the United States and Great Britain? U.S. Boundary Changes, 18181819 War and Expansion in the Americas 293 Review Ideas, Terms, and People 1. a. Identify What issues were settled between the United States and Great Britain in 1817 and 1818?
b. Make Inferences Why would the United States and Britain agree to occupy the Pacific Northwest together?
c. Elaborate Why were the Rush-Bagot Agreement and the Convention of 1818 compromises?
2. a. Recall What problems existed between Spain and the United States?
b. Analyze Why was the Adams-Ons Treaty important?
c. Evaluate Do you think that Andrew Jackson was right to act without orders? Explain your answer.
Critical Thinking
3. Identify Cause and E !ect In this lesson you learned about U.S. foreign policy issues. Create a new chart and, for each issue, identify the nations involved, the agreement or treaty, and the effects.
> Issue Nations Agreement/Treaty Effects
Then, believing that he had the per -
mission of the U.S. government, Jackson
seized the Spanish forts at St. Marks
and Pensacola. Spain objected to Jack -
sons actions. The United States said that
Jackson had acted without authority and
returned to Spain the forts that Jackson
had captured. Still, Jacksons campaign
showed that Spains hold on Florida was
loosening.
Jacksons presence in Florida convinced
Spain to negotiate with the United States
over the ownership of Florida. On February
22, 1819, U.S. Secretary of State John Quincy
Adams, son of John and Abigail Adams, and
Spanish diplomat Luis de Ons signed the
Adams-Ons Treaty , which settled all border
disputes between Spain and the United States. Spain agreed to give Florida
to the United States. In return, the United States gave up its claims to
what is now Texas and agreed to pay up to $5 million of U.S. citizens
claims against Spain.
Summary and Preview In this lesson you learned that compromise was
one characteristic of U.S. foreign policy in the years following the War of
1812. In the next lesson you will learn about strong U.S. leadership and
the Monroe Doctrine.
> Andrew Jackson earned the
> nickname Old Hickory during
> the War of 1812. Soldiers called
> him that because he was strict.
> They said he was as tough as
> the wood of a hickory tree.
Reading Check
> Summarize
> How were the
> disagreements
> between the United
> States and Spanish
> Florida settled?
Lesson 3 Assessment
> Module 8
294