yes okay it's now recording okay so now we're doing the female reproductive system so if I want this to be recorded I should repeat that we're starting off the same way we're starting off with the male reproductive system and that is reminding ourselves to look at this membrane that's here and when you follow that membrane that is there this is the peritoneum it goes down and then it goes right here over the urinary bladder and here is the urinary bladder of the female that's labeled right here all right but it doesn't only do that when it gets to a certain point you'll see it better later it actually makes a u-turn and it actually goes over the uterus as well before it goes back here around the rectum and then around the intestine etc etc okay if you remember this membrane is the peritoneum when it touches the urinary bladder and now when it also touches the top of the uterus okay we're gonna call the top membrane the serosa reason so it only has a serosa on the top on the sides again is just to remind your adventitious that's one of you know me as a professor's picky things to let you know that there's a special tissue that's on the top but it's not on the sides okay now the structures that we do see on this model I did mention that this view has this three-dimensional part on top you can't see everything very very clearly but I will point out the things that that we do see and you can see that you know you're looking at the female reproductive system the first thought on the mind is well where do we start there should be the ovaries and the ovaries are partly hidden right here okay here's the ovary so this is showing you the ovary coming out at you right there and so so here's the ovary right here there's another ovary on the other side that's hiding that's basically hiding back here you can't see it and then what it's connected to it's supposed to be connected to a fallopian tube that's the tube that connects it to the uterus and you it looks like this there's a red mass here and that red mass that you see right there it starts off with like this wide piece right here okay that wide piece there is actually something called the fimbriae the fingers of the of the fallopian tube and again I'm not writing the word because you're going to see it better later okay the fimbriae represents the entrance to the fallopian tube okay and then the fallopian tube is going this way and you can't see it but it's going to the uterus the other side you can see it even better okay there's the tube leaving the ovary heading to the uterus and where is the uterus well the uterus is tucked away right there this little mound that you see in the middle here and why they didn't label it I don't know but that would be the uterus so you're getting a basic idea of the female reproductive system in a very odd view two ovaries two fallopian tubes connected to one uterus and then the uterus will leave in terms of a pathway okay when the baby if the woman is pregnant then the baby has to leave and the baby's gonna leave through this muscular tube right here which is the vaginal canal or vagina that's this 2 right here okay again like I said this is an awkward view you're not really seeing much the better things to look at in terms of what is visible here is really the external genitalia what's on the outside and this will clear itself up a little bit later ok when it comes to the female genitalia because of obviously differences in anatomy the female genitalia is less conspicuous than the males okay the first thing that I'm going to point out to you is usually in the female there's a mass of fat over the pubic bone and right here it creates a little swelling over the area here okay and this is known as the Mons pubis okay it's just a cushiony fatty area that's right over the female genitalia so that's right there in the front it's not labeled here I'm sure it's labeled somewhere else okay the rest of the female genitalia is actually two folds of skin and they actually look at the folds of skin as being lips so they call them labia which mean lips and the outer one is the labia majora okay this believe it or not is believed to be analogous to the male scrotum okay the labia majora is on the outside it actually has certain areas of it have pubic hair so they claim that this outer pouching or this outer fold of skin might be similar to the male scrotum inside is a more delicate fold known as the labia minora that's on the inside okay and the labia minora is highly filled with mucous glands plus two other glands that you can see labeled here now this is gonna be a little confusing the gland that is right here in the back looks smaller and it's called the greater vestibular gland and then there's a one here that's a little bit more anterior that looks bigger but believe me it's just the point of view this is the lesser vestibular gland these are the glands that actually secrete all kinds of vaginal secretions for lubrication so when a female is aroused these glands produce fluids that actually create lubrication for to make I guess the male penis enter the vagina with a little bit more comfort okay but these are the glands that produce those fluids the other thing that you can't see here because it's covered here but right in this area right here is the area where you find the clitoris or clitoris depending on how you wish to say it that would be right here but you got to see it better in the next few okay so one more time to reinforce that there isn't a whole lot of things that I could ask here I mean you can see if you strain yourself the ovaries covered by the fenberry a of the fallopian tube you can see the uterus in this view just to get the basic structures there's the vaginal canal from the outside view there's the rectum right behind it okay there's the urinary bladder of course just to give you perspective that the uterus is on top of the urinary bladder okay and then we have the the external genitalia the labia majora the labia minora the two glands that are inside it okay that's there and and basically that's it the two glands and then the clitoris you can't see right the only thing that is worth noting here and again this is just for you to make a mental note here's a pubic bone okay let me trace over this in a different color okay right here whoops supposed to be drawing okay right here you can see looking like a bone as the pubic bone all right obviously there's no inguinal canal right but you do see a muscle see this muscle it's creating a wall right here anybody want to guess what that muscle might be make a prediction [Music] they are pelvic muscles but these are the floor of the pelvis you ready you said what you is try into the capable muscles a baby then we do piddles well I think I didn't get there yet but is that what it's related to it origin not toll I did the wrong spot this is the urogenital muscle the urogenital muscle is this long wall of muscle that goes from the pubic symphysis all the way to the anal canal and to the other side all right now you're asking me specifics and I would have to say yes this urogenital muscle will create various muscles in the female reproductive system but let's to see that we need to go away from this this particular model so I'm gonna take away my drawings when you look at this do you get a general idea of what you're looking at two ovaries one's hiding ones right here two fallopian tubes there is the uterus right there so you're looking at everything basically as if you just took a little window peek inside the pelvic cavity now once we remove this piece that's on the outside then you get a get a better view of the inside now this didn't do it yet okay what this did was that turned an angle on the camera so you can see things a little bit better but they did remove the piece so you can see it but there's there's really nothing here that is worth party I know why they did this they did this to show you the round ligament and the ovarian ligament which you're gonna see later I'm gonna show you the better model to see all the ligaments so this isn't it okay now we could see the female reproductive system the way we want to but of course we're not getting a good view of ovaries and oviduct yet so we're just getting a general view all right so let's point out those general structures again okay hiding back here looking yellow okay that's where the ovary is okay so it's yellow and it's hiding back here okay and then we see the tube that's leaving it but it has those little red things on the top there and if you remember those little red finger like things on the top are actually called fin brie a finger like fimbriae that's the way I remember okay they're finger like endings to the tooth okay and they eventually are the beginning of the tube that we just mentioned here but then put me into yeah and that's the fallopian tube which in some books they call the uterine tube or over duct or whatever but we'll stick with fallopian tube sometimes too many words like like in kidneys we use the word renal so much we forget what's renal listen renal that same thing is true here with uterine everything is uterine cavity even tube etc alright so the fallopian tube is good that's the tube that's leading to this fitting structure sitting right here and I guess this is not the model they want to use to point to it but let's point to it okay that's this big structure right here and that would be of course the uterus okay so let's go through the uterus at this point and we'll see it Betsy I like to point to things this way so that way you'll see it better when there's no not somebody else's arrows in the way okay so ready you help me what is the membrane on the outside yeah so the membrane on the outside is the serosa okay can we be clear we meet you hold on okay now we just said the outer membrane is the serosa and why is it the serosa if you have part of the peritoneum right I'm gonna trace over it again here it is the peritoneum you get a better view now notice it goes over the bladder makes a u-turn like I said you would see and it goes over the uterus and over the intestine etc etc okay so that is the Rosa now someone just asked a very very inquisitive question and that question was could it be the parameter iam well here we go if the outer layer that we just pointed at we said it's got to be the serosa then what do you think this white layer is right underneath it here a medium that would be the parameter so that would be the miserable layer yes true miss or a layer so we've got to be careful on the top on the top is the serosa that's really not part of the uterus it's actually part of the perineum neil no it's part of the peritoneum remember this is part of the peritoneum the serosa is part of the peritoneum so when we get to the true layers of the uterus the white layer on the outside is the peri metrium okay that's the true visceral layer okay are we clear on that yes so the serosa is like just a covering it's like we threw a blanket over the uterus and it's called the serosa then we take the blanket off and now we're looking at the uterus itself and where do we see we see a pair of metrium okay that's that would be this arrow right here okay then underneath the parameter M is this muscle layer right here and you can see that this muscle layer goes all around I guess Tricia said with it yeah this muscle a goes all around the entire uterus okay and that muscle layer would be the Myo Myo metrium oops sorry about that click that's myometrium okay it's made up of three layers a smooth muscle okay and I think you already know the inner layer that you see here made up of tan and red that would be the endometrium I purposely made endo capitalized because endo refers to inside my Oh middle muscle the M is a nice word to remember that it's the middle layer and the outside which I spelt wrong up here okay should have been you parry metrium so it should have been P er I parry metrium not per meet you okay parameter now back to the endometrium if you notice you might say to yourself okay I think I got it I just got to remember that the serosa is just this outer layer it's on the outside but starting with the white you have one that's the parameter iam then you have - that's the myometrium and then when we get to three we're pointing to this inner layer here that's the endometrium but if you notice the endometrium has two parts to it and so for this your minds will just remember color because this is the only model I'm gonna use if it's red okay if if it's red it's the innermost layer that's always there this is known as the stratum bacillus yeah this is the growing layer this is a layer that's always there never goes away it grows it grows it grows and grows unfortunately if it grows out of control I don't know if you want to make a little note here okay if this layer grows out of control then then sometimes this would be a problem called endometriosis okay and that means the endometriosis I think I spelt the right okay and that's when these cells start proliferating all over the place where they're not supposed to be and cause tremendous pain in the female when you see the reproductive tract from a different view you'll understand all right but let's just stick with the layers now so there's the stratum of Solace the one that's in red so it's this tan layer on the inside the tan layer on the inside okay the tan layer that's on the inside is called the stratum function Alice okay called the stratum function Alice for two reasons okay one reason is because this is the layer that thickens every month and is shed during administration or in the menses okay so it grows every month and then a shed it grows every month and a shed now what's making it grow that's the job strata and bacillus strata masalas grows and makes the stratum function Alice thicken so this produces this but then at the end of the month this is shed and the stratum ViSalus grows another strata function L so the stratum function Alice is shed grows is shed and it grows a shed why is it shed because if there's no pregnancy there was no need for it so it is shed and that should lead you into its second function the sin castration well let's let lets let's finish it up in terms of what this tissue is for what the tissue is for is the fact that if it grows one month and there is a pregnancy well then this will become a placenta so that's why they call it the stratum function Alice the stratum bacillus look at it this way the stratum of cells is a base layer and it's job is just to grow it grows and makes this thicken not needed it should and it does that every month it's part of the menstrual cycle but this tissue that if thickens every month has a possible function if there is a pregnancy it will turn into a very nourishing organ that is made up of both maternal and fetal tissue known as the famous placenta that the babies connected to the mother's blood indirectly so there's a diffusion of oxygen and wastes and food and nutrients and chemicals whatever the the fetus needs to grow so now you know where the placenta comes from it comes from this layer that a female body produces every month but most of the time obviously she doesn't get pregnant every month it is shed so it's almost like every month the body prepares itself for a possible pregnancy and and then it loses that blood rich tissue during the menstrual period okay and that's what's going on well now you're looking at it in terms of the structures okay so those are the structural walls of the uterus okay right here we just have the whole section right here listed okay so so as you can see we have the serosa on the top paramecium's next layer myometrium in the endometrium but you just have to remember that the endometrium has two parts to it okay the endometrium has the stratum of Solace and the stratum function Alice those are two things obviously there's a space right in the middle here okay and that little space in the middle right there is just simply the uterine cavity okay that's the space all right so we think we've got an understanding of the uterus yes now not to make you go too crazy but I'm gonna divide the uterus and parts and now I'm gonna I want to make this a different color oh yeah this might be good color I'm gonna divide the uterus in three parts there's this part in the that's nice and round there's this part over here that's really long mm is this part at the very very end that has its own name altogether and I gotta make that better that would be right there okay this first part that's in the front actually might be a name we stole or somebody stole from the stomach its rounded so this part is known as the front part is known as the fundus when we get to the middle part which is all of this that covers most of the cavity that would be the yeah and when we get to the very end of the end of the uterus action has its own name it's called the cervix yeah that's it so the uterus actually has three parts to it so not only does it have three major layers to it also has three parts the fundus is this round part the middle is the body and the end part with is the exit or entrance would be the cervix now we're going to break down the cervix into its parts later but right now I just want to finish our reproductive system so here's the uterus there's the service now you know the cervix represents the way out or the way in depending on where what we're talking about okay but that's the opening into the uterus the exit out here of course would be the vagina tunnel canal the vaginal canal or the vagina yeah notice that it is also muscular on the outside it's got rugae in it that's what these little folds are that allows it to stretch so there's a lot of common characteristics that this has and I hate to say with the stomach but if we stole the word fundus and body from the stomach we got rugae in here that that allow the vaginal canal to stretch and now that we're out here at the orifice of the vaginal canal this is the vaginal orifice right here now we can see the labia more clearly okay you might not be seeing the the glans because the glans got taken away but now you can see the outer fold which is the labia majora and you can see the inner fold very rich in mucous cells the labia minora and you could see the erectile tissue the erectile tissue is this little mass right here what I'm doing I got the wrong here okay that would be there this little mess right here in the front and that's the Taurus or clintons okay there's the Mons mentioned again and that little thing of course somebody mentioned before so this is a good view for the uterus and all of its external structures of GDP now before we go on let's review urinary what is this thing right here this hole yeah that's a urinary bladder of a female okay see the urinary bladder of the female is tucked right underneath the uterus that's what females need to urinate more frequently then and then men do what do we call these little wrinkles in the bladder okay yeah remember yes you're right the rugae of the bladder these little folds in here or guru gaya the bladder and if you remember the bottom of the female bladder is no different than the male bladder there's a muscle right here right external sphincter oh why don't you call it that's internal why would it be internal because look at its location it's right in the floor of the bladder isn't it yes internal when do we find an external sphincter right before the exit look a pubic symphysis see the pubic symphysis yeah your genital diaphragm again the nupoc symphysis is a great landmark pubic symphysis remind you where that big muscle is that has to go through so there it is again to want you but it's the same muscle in males okay the famous urogenital okay now again I wouldn't keep reminding you of it if it wasn't so important and since somebody mentioned it earlier I'm gonna mention it now okay it's not only not only place would have you find the right here jameelah new red dots if this is the internal urethral sphincter this would be the ex painter but it's also the muscle that's gonna make this muscle and this muscle the external anal sphincter Dana was trying to explain or ask me of this before and I said we'll talk about it when we could see it better but notice this is the same muscle that goes right here it goes let me change color on that it's the muscle that also goes around the vaginal canal and those are the Kegel muscles hmm okay so when you heard of Kegel muscles somewhere you know where they talk about you know exercises to strengthen your Kegel muscles after childbirth or whatever it may be that's the Kegel same muscles that make you urinate the same muscle control identification you can contract and it actually is here for for closing off the vaginal canal well alright so they're all part of the same muscles but they create three different sphincter muscles one to control defecation one to control urination and one ear to to tighten or whatever it may be to to tighten the vaginal canal case you're wondering okay any questions okay I'm gonna clear this and the next model will probably be the same with other things labeled it'll be good review now that you got your introduction see here they're just going to point out the structures that we already spoke of so I noticed that they gave these little things have a name I know I don't have this on my test so you can be safe to know that you know there's names for these things but I'm not gonna ask for them if you look this is the pouch that's in front of the uterus they call it the vestibular besty crew turin pouch and then there's the one in the back which is called the recto uterine pouch so it's got really uterine in it vesikko i guess i don't know why it wasn't like urine Oh for urinary because it's in the front but again don't worry about those two names they're not okay but you can review all the structures of the uterus we spoke of before okay now let's look at that cervix when we look at the cervix we realize the cervix is a structure by itself okay and you've got to look at it as such that this is a structure that takes up in this space right here now I'm going to remove that blue circle in a minute okay draw it again if I can okay that's a better circle all that is the cervix okay what is this part around this that's a fundus what's this middle part that's the cervix okay when you look at the cervix by itself you notice that the cervix has some slightly distinctive features that you just have to memorize okay first of all the cervix itself has an opening on the outside right there the opening on the outside it has a classic name because it's on the outside they call it the external us OS for opening if there's an external us and that's the opening that has to dilate that's the opening that has to open before a mother can give birth that's the the the point of entrance to the cervix well if that's the external us that means somewhere I'm gonna point to it right now that's this little indent used here at first indent that first thing that looks like a hole okay we're gonna call that the internal us and what's changing color makes it easier to see there you go okay now if that's the internal not external us then we know that there's gotta be something in between it's in between is something very logical from here to here and it makes perfect sense that we're going to call that canal in the it's a canal where if it's a canal in the cervix it would be in the cervical canal okay so that would be the cervical canal all right so this cervix itself is sort of like almost like a SEP you got to almost think of it as a separate part the uterus has its own uterine cavity there's an internal us cervical canal external us that creates the cervix so the cervix and you can see it in another view the cervix except is the entrance point to the uterus and it's closed most of the time it's actually just has a slight small opening where sperm cell can swim through it and get into the uterus and finally get to the oval but when it needs to Riley this cervix has to stretch and create an opening of approximately 10 centimeters if you're not quite or how centimeters is it's about the size of a tennis ball all right so that little thing that you see there it's got to get that wide in order for a baby's head to okay so obviously we're talking about something that it has to be very very stretchable but when it's not in a functional state it's basically closed it's a tiny little canal with an internal opening that they call the internal loss and the external opening which is called the external us that leads into the vaginal canal now in order to allow it to stretch there's a little space on the outside and the on all around the cervix now here they only have one part labeled I don't know if you can see it but I see it on my screen to the side okay they call it the posterior fornix see that's this indentation that you see right that little indentation here now there should also be an indentation in the front that way I guess would be the anterior fornix but I'm not quite sure whether you write anterior posterior whatever but just remember that indentation is known as the fornix the fornix is an indentation on the outside of the cervix that allows the cervix to stretch it's like a little extra space that's the only thing you remember about the four knees okay now once we're here now once again we're in vaginal canal which has rugae and its muscular on the outside that you see the muscles here leading to the outside there which is the entranceway to the vaginal okay and there's your labia minora maybe majora and your clitoris right there and there's the famous muscles again of goro genital diaphragm see so every time you're looking at this you're actually seeing all the structures they're just labeling a few at a time so it's great for review now this is not the only view of the female reproductive system that you need no the other view of the female reproductive system is actually they call it a posterior view but it's the famous view none of the structures on it or any different than what you learned already the all-new things get onto that one any questions on this before I could continue there's a lot I admit that there's a lot that you've been hearing tonight but again there's anything I don't circle or don't mention and again you have the luxury when you print it out a complete list of what you need to know so there's nothing on here that you don't need to know that's right where you saying there's nothing on there that you need to know and there and there's nothing I'm leaving off there that you do need to know that's what you study so you're looking at these pictures and making sure you know everything on the list okay so here's the details that we just mentioned before just to reinforce if you need to see it one more time see labels are here I don't know whether these but there we go there it look at the cervix hey the first C notice - how smooth this is and then almost a book there's a little hole here okay that little hole is the internal us okay that's what we're gonna remember it is but that's the internal AWS then in between is a cervical canal so the cervical canal you know how I'm gonna label it I'm not gonna label it with just an arrow I'm gonna label it like this what is that I don't know if you can see that I just drew an arrow okay okay what is that that is a canal if I did the same thing here that would be the uterine canet or uterine cavity see it's labeled up here okay so that's the uterine cavity or canal here would be the cervical canal because obviously this is the uterus this is the cervix okay and what's this little time yeah what's this little indent right there be reporting that's fornix okay you don't have to say posterior as long as you know it's the point still labeling here that you don't know well it's definitely a close up so now you can see certain structures that maybe weren't quite sure before but this is a great picture that shows this which is the latest this and then you can see this fold a lot easier now I'm sure major to top the outside then this would be the labia minora okay and then remember this part here that I'm tracing through is a wreath ro this part here be the vaginal canal obviously back here would be the rectum the anal which is but they're all related in the sense that they have this urogenital diaphragm muscle like across all of them to create different kinds of muscle muscular control okay and then again if you'd like me to do it one more time I don't mind we have the external urethral sphincter I just throw in this one around the vagina those will be the Kegel muscles and then you've got your external anal sphincters which is these big masses over here okay but that you've already had in the last unit the only ones that would be important would be probably the external urethral sphincters because where's the intern on there on the floors well of the bladder and then yeah that'll be the internal urethral sphincter see the male you had the prostate gland to help you know it's internal external the female is no prostate there's other glands that we didn't mention but there is no prostate okay any other questions on what you see here in the female reproductive system show you the other one okay so let's clear this up and let's see what we sure need which is a Kegel muscle oh the Kegel muscle is the muscle that is around the vaginal canal so I'm going to do this for you here is the external urethral sphincter because it's on the its surrounding the urethra see the urethra just room here is the vaginal canal right so I mean the significance that I've heard is the fact that after a woman gives birth obviously a baby just went through a badger she sometimes told that she can do Kegel muscle exercises because these muscles here are voluntary she can do Kegel muscle exercises to tighten up things to actually tighten up the vaginal canal all right after the baby has gone through here so those where the Kegel muscles are okay very get to the different layers notice here they mentioned that the pen layer is the stratum usamos inner layer that shed every month or has a potential of making a placenta is the stratum function Alice okay any other questions here because if not all small pointing to everything I'd want to do let's continue so here is the other view the menstrual cycle plaque you're getting a chance to see the female reproductive system any nice spread out way and you're just gonna repeat all the structures that you need to see though I pick any one of these okay it doesn't matter which one if I pick any one of these have it as a close up you can label the same types of markers the only thing that's different is that beside female reproductive system okay there's also going to be these pictures here on the right side of the ovary and the left side of the ovary okay these are the structures that are going to review something you heard about when you did endocrine this is the ovarian cycle so let me get to the details okay not that here we go so honestly I don't care which one you're looking at okay some of them show other features that are part of reproduction that are not part of lab but let's have you answer some questions here and see if you know what the structures are I'm trying to pick a color that will stand out since this is so brightly pink and red okay so it's pretty obvious that we're looking at the female reproductive system from a different view okay so let's start in a logical sense ready we have a structure here and we have a structure here those must be that varies yes those are the two ovaries and that shows you the ovary from the outside and this shows you the ovary cuddle very good okay now no more words well the ovaries are going to produce eggs and when the eggs get produced or released every month an egg is released it has to go into this thing this tube right here fallopian tube that tube right there is the filter but if you remember me telling you this a different color the first part of it right here look like little fingers on this side it looks like actually like a flower embryo yes those little things at the tip there whether it's here or over there those are the things we're going to be calming the fimbriae okay there was a finger like entrance dude fallopian tube okay only out here do we see the fimbriae now once you go past a fin brie a right here is another area now watch what I'm appointing I'm pointing only on the right side right here in this little area right here if I could shade it in a little bit right there okay a little formal like entrance before you get into the tube okay that funnel-like entrance before you get into the tube you've heard of the word before someplace I'm sure okay from you st. real slow in that's the fun okay that's the funnel that's passed FM Bri a now again I'm getting into a little detail here but the FEM ba leads into the infundibulum and the infundibulum eventually leads into the rest of the fallopian tube that we see on the top wide open Gav let's change that color to orange and then you can see a better here's a float so again you know how I do things I'm going to point to these little things that are on the tip and I want to say what are these little things on the tip called be specific and what are these tips called either here I'll point at them or I'll point to them just like this and you have to remember those are the fimbriae if I ask you what's this area inside here and I can only show you when this is open okay so when this is cuddle I can't show you here I could guess where it is here but I can't show you where it is it's the entrance past the fimbria is a funnel-like entrance this is called the infundibulum so that would be another specific structure but the rest of this is the fallopian tube and the fallopian tube is a nice tube because it has lots of things going for it it's where the thing is gonna pass it's gonna way be where the sperm have to swim and it's a special place where only if sperm and egg meet regimentation implantation I know it's not fertile patient ization will happen right here right where you see me put it in the pink okay when the sperm and egg are here if the egg and sperm meet within the first 24 to 36 hours of the eggs release fertilization will take place that's right implantation happens in the uterus all locations gonna happen in here and isn't it like an ectopic pregnancy if implantation happens over there like in the fallopian tube yes if implantation happens here obviously look at this tube is that tube gonna be able to stretch all the nine-month fetus growing and when there's a problem the pregnancy if this implantation that happens here yeah that's what's called an ectopic pregnancy and I think it was on the vocabulary list okay but they say that's where an ectopic pregnancy happens and when it does do happen very very quickly the woman feels excruciating pain they might do an ultrasound to find out she's an ectopic pregnancy she has to have some kind of clinical abortion unfortunately the damage done by removing the pregnancy usually destroys the fallopian tube so she will not be able to get pregnant using this side of a reproductive system quite a feat oxide is healthy she can still get pregnant utilizing be two feet on this side I mean I don't want to get into 2d things but if you're wondering what would cause an ectopic pregnancy well remember I mentioned about endometriosis endometriosis is when cells on the endometrium that are supposed to be here grow out of control well sometimes those cells of the endometrium don't know where to go and they end up here sometimes those endometrial cells will actually leave and grow here because this is an open tube I don't know if you know that and sometimes those endometrial cells they go crazy they go wild I've heard of situations where a woman went for a laparoscopy operation and they found endometrial cells all around her uterus on the outside so they have to Zac these they have to make these things disappear and they usually use laser to try to erase all these endometrial cells to stop the woman from having all the pain associated with endometriosis and hopefully because endometriosis sometimes the prominent endometriosis is that if she does have endometrial cells here and here it blocks the fallopian tubes so she can't get pregnant so every month when she's ready to ovulate these cells grow and they block the fallopian tubes so that's why sometimes women who have endometriosis is a very young age they're old that if they want to get pregnant they might have to take hormonal pills make these endometrial growths disappear but that sometimes it the fears with her own ovarian cycle and her ability to produce eggs so it's very it's a very very delicate decision-making time especially if you know endometriosis happens in a young female alright but they can do all kinds of surgeries to try to remove it laser it and hope you know and hope that it's clear up in the pregnancy can you can continue woman does get pregnant and has endometriosis and she gets pregnant successfully believe it or not that's actually a good thing if she does get a pregnancy happen and the pregnancy excuse me what would have to be would be in here mm-hmm then what's gonna happen is during the pregnancy she stops making estrogen and the endometrial cells that are here actually start to disappear and they won't grow do they die off because of the lack of estrogen yeah they do actually die off and during the nine months of pregnancy those endometrial cells shrink and get smaller and smaller and smaller so sometimes the pregnancy is actually a blessing but clears up and makes a lot of the meet your cells go away I know one woman that had it when she was in her 20s and the doctor said I'm gonna put you on a strong birth control pill let's try this for a year and the she earth control pill tricked her body into it was pregnant I know send the metrio cells actually disappeared and then when she took God off the birth control pill a year later she immediately got pregnant and she actually had twins Greyson great gamble and it worked but that's not the same as the fibroids right fibroids are usually within the uterus okay and so many conditions the fibroids are usually in the uterus then there's ovarian cysts that are in the only female reproductive system unfortunately has a number of different ailments that they cause all kinds of discomfort okay but let's get back to our system so here's our ovaries we see the ovaries very clearly see the fimbriae and the infundibulum going into the fallopian tube now we're in the right here right there in the middle is the uterus uterus thank you you got me nervous for a minute and what's reading the round part up here round part part see who gave me the right answer the wrong question okay now when I said what's the area up here in the box the answer should have been yeah that's the fundus if I asked this question instead what is the tissue up here then you could have said what cirrhosis okay it's only on the top okay but let's not worry about that now let's worry about what grossly we see so there's the fundus on the top okay and after the fundus under here would be the middle there would be where we find the senate's okay that would be in the body okay but see it's kind of hard because of the colors that are here okay everything is so bright in colored okay but down here circle down here is the I would probably not ask you here about things like you know what's this tube in here but I could that tube in there is a cervical canal remember mhm and remember the hole on the outside is the external yeah that was the external US case you forgot let me click that and on the outside is the external us okay and again see now you would have to really stretch your imagination if that's the external lost and somewhere right about here would be where maybe what guesses the again understand what you're looking at all thing the whole thing is the web the whole circle save Google know they see you you're not thinking you're yeah the whole thing okay I'm sorry it must be me because I'm overwhelming you the whole lecture I want you to get this a whole structure is the servants what's the cervix made up of well it's made up of a opening on the outside correct that's the external on and somewhere inside over here is it right and from the internal to the external awesome right in between I'm going to change color for you right in between right here I'm gonna actually make it like a color right here in between that's going to be the circle canal okay that's this double arrow right minute okay so would you study it that way the cervix is this ending part of the whole uterus they hold cervix okay what's it made up of it's got an external us that's and it's got a cervical canal in between and this is what has to open justice best dilate the external AUSA's got to dilate so that way the baby okay now the only part that you don't see very well here is what do you think 22 is the beginning of yeah right down here that's the beginning of the vagina that would be the vet at the beginning of the Badger don't canal okay so you can't oh I see something what do you think this indent is see this indent over here and the indent over here is an indent on the outside of the cervix ornate that's the fornix remember the fornix is on the out okay so what we just did I'm gonna clear all this there's no reason to keep it there okay what we just did I'll point to anything you want but what you see in this picture are all the parts of the female reproductive system ovaries fallopian tube fimbriae and infundibulum are uterus in the middle funded on the top the round part okay the body in the middle and we had a little trouble but I think we got it now that this little end piece is the cervix and it's got a couple structures that you need to know an internal or external loss and a cervical canal in between and a silly little indent on the outside right here right here that's known as the fornix before it gets to the vagina so there's all the parts oh now we're gonna add something to your list on the bottom or somewhere on your reproductive list it talks about the menstrual cycle plaque and it says besides knowing the names of the structures you have to know excuse me you have to know the names of ligand now this is the best place to see the ligaments of female reproductive system not another model so this is the only place you'll see it and so let me go through the different ligaments they're all labeled here somewhere I believe use the names that I've gave you on the list here the female reproductive system what holds it in place let's start with the most logical one I don't know if you can see it but right here is a ligament and that ligament actually pulls up and there's another one on this side but they didn't draw it in it should be it'd be nice I'll draw it in so that way it's clear what I'm referring to okay this little white thing here is pulling up and this little white thing here is pulling up so it acts like suspenders and like suspenders and pulls the female and conducted them nice and spread out inside the female pelvis that's why it's called uh sorry ligament okay so it's got a very logical name it attaches to the inside of the pelvis and the holes everything spread out okay and so that's the suspensory ligament okay then there's a ligament right here let me point it here's a ligament right here that's filled with blood vessels it's blood vessels let's think back there was a membrane filled with blood vessels for the small intestine that was the mesentery there was a membrane filled with blood vessels for the large intestine meza : we're looking for a membrane that's got blood vessels for the ovary though for note to no surprise this is the mez ovarian so mez ovarian is this whole fan here above the ovary filled with blood vessels okay this other theater I can't even see what the name is because it's pitches in the way the epp off or on okay I like that name so much no need to do okay so we just stick with the mezzo Varian all right next logical ligament there's a ligament that holds the ovary in place right here and right here number nine so if it's a ligament that's only holding the ovary then it must be called the suspensory but it's only holding the ovaries and then finally there's a ligament that's not making much sense okay but it if I tell you what it does it'll make sense okay there's a ligament right here and there's a it should be another one over here okay but this is the ligament that holds the uterus on a tilt and it holds the uterus on a tilt by connecting it to the sacrum so that's why it's called a sacral uterine ligament or the sacral you t'rul ligament I think on my my lab I call this the Sacro deutero sacral uterus a malignant utero sacrum okay you can call it either one you want I mean this is the one that used to be in the old book and that's why it's on my lab write-up I don't know I I know where sacral uterine ligament came from but either one is fine okay so that's the only things you need to know about this that that is not on the rest of the reproductive system if the rest of it is to say well I asked issues on this most likely not that would be like like needing to know but you would know that out here would be the Paramecium then there would the myometrium and then there will be the endometrium but I wouldn't ask it here I've got the other model to ask the layers this is strictly ligaments and basic anatomy okay so whether it's this picture or another one that looks like this you'll get the same questions and I believe these are are on your flash drive so you always have your flash drives to go back to for reinforcement ok any question on this view no but just to summarize it looks like there are six ligaments that we need to be responsible for let's let me circle them and let's find out let's let's double check ok so we have the ligament that holds the whole system out that's the suspensory ligament and they're on both sides okay then it's the ligament that supplies blood to the ovary supplying blood mez ovarian ligament okay then there's a ligament that holds the ovary to the uterus that's the ovarian ligament so so far we're up to three okay and then there's a ligament that holds the uterus tilted that's a Sacro or uterus sacral ligament and the only one we didn't mention was number 12 number 12 looks like a bat makes it look like a bat and of course that's the broad ligament okay that's the one I didn't mention a broad ligament is right here so on my list it looks like one two three four five okay no there is another one there's an one in the other model called the round ligament but you get here so I'm not going to ask you I see I want you to see the ligaments as they are on the model so there's a fence you see the ovary so nine if you want to memorize numbers go ahead nine it's got to be the ovarian look at it okay this one is out here so it's a ending everything that's Spencer II ligament this one has blood vessels in and so I gave that little trick like mesentery Meza : it's men area that's with blood vessels and this one looks like it's broad so it's big it's probably this is the only one you have to memorize mainly made maybe and number 26 is the sacral uterus sacral ligament I spelled it wrong but uterus sacral is the ligament and I'm the lam I said it's better seen in the sagittal model I could show you real quick but it would make a difference because it's heater that I would leave okay all right let's clear this up because it is late and the only I needed to review with you see here's another view the same thing just give you different names here's another view giving me my own metrium endometrium but you know if you know your layers you know your layers there's nothing here that you don't know already from the other model it's just a different view so you hear that mention ephemera you see when you see things I didn't mention like don't worry about in pula just like you didn't have to remember about the pyloric and Pula you don't have to remember and pull is just like the wide entrance before it gets narrow so they call an ampoule okay but here is the thing I so let's let's just remember these things you heard these before so hopefully there's enough recall that you'll get to remember them and I'm sorry to say that I don't agree with this picture oh my goodness mm-hmm all right I am so sorry but but I have to give you the right answers okay well this is just showing you the ovarian ligament suspensory ligament but I would never ask you on the same let's just get this straight if you remember females are born with these cells in the beginning these cells have no cells around them okay females are born with about 400,000 of these cells they're called pre more deal follicles okay so females are born with these at puberty activity they start developing cells they're a little bit larger okay when they're a little bit larger and they start making cells around them those are the cells that make estrogen remember primary follicles okay now this is on your flash drive and I have it labeled correctly okay so if the cells are here in the beginning I feel like I need to like like like make these things disappear they're just like driving me crazy okay yeah okay good now we can look at the right answers I don't know if I sound you know pompous when I say it something like that but I'm just looking at this as being like misleading students okay anyway so there's a primary follicles and they have these follicular cells on the outside I don't know if you can see that we know they're not that clear but they start making estrogen then the primary follicle starts developing this little liquid inside it's like blue color but they don't show it very well okay but all you need to know is that's the primary follicle growing so it becomes the secondary follicle and then if you remember hopeful you remember when it eventually becomes this nice big follicle right here filled with follicular fluid this follicle is ready to burst okay and when it's written when it makes that follicle okay that follicle there at the corpus luteum oh no we're not even there yet okay oh no this is before okay I'm sorry you're making follicles would be the one we Cole she airy follicle which which has in it a secondary oversight that yellow thing inside is the secondary Oh site that that is going to become the egg later but we're just looking at the big thing the big follicle now the tertiary follicle is also known as the mature Oh Varian follicle but I'm sure you don't want to remember that name or it's also known as the graafian follicle okay which you can remember after the guy who discovered it but I'm sure you're gonna be a lot happy with just remember primary follicles are the little ones with cells around them secondary follicles are bigger with a little fluid and when it's really big and ready to burst it's the tertiary follicle it's ready for ovulation now we're going to discover on Wednesday when a when a female reaches puberty the primary follicles start making the primordial follicles start making primary follicles secondary follicles and usually one of them will become a tertiary follicle and this takes approximately 14 days to happen and on the 14th day this graafian follicle is going to burst open and when it bursts open when a purse open all this liquids gonna come out and the thing that is going to be released will be this little yellow cell right there and that's going to be the Oh site that's gonna be the secondary oocytes but it's gonna be released and it's gonna get caught up in the fimbriae and go in the infundibulum etc but what is this thing called where the the follicle bursts well let's go to the next one hopefully it'll show us on the next picture it shows you the burst follicle now let's see if anything is labeled incorrectly here okay the burst follicle okay the burst follicle is called either the ruptured follicle or the corpus hemorrhagic um okay so I'm letting you know now hemorrhagic cool or you can call it muttered okay I'm looking at my notes and my notes say ruptured follicle corpus hemorrhagic oh okay so let me change your color that's you can see it yeah that's the ruptured follicle right there okay but what it's showing you is a process and I think that's why they threw in the word I'll be linking here okay ovulation is not a structural violation is what's happened okay so that's the process alright and notice what's released they call it the ovulated oocyte okay but it turns out you get a discover in lecture it's actually the secondary oocyte right don't make a mistake of calling it the ovum it's not an ovum yet all right now those of you that were really really smart you gave me this name in the wrong spot but you remember at least that once the ovary releases the ovum or the secondary oocyte in ovulation this ruptured follicle heals into the corpus what was the significance of the corpus luteum makes progesterone good while all those follicles that we talked about before okay before we were talking about primordial follicles they did nothing there and then primary follicles and then they got bigger and the primary follicles actually had some fluid inside as they were developing their little secondary oocyte that was in there so primary follicles secondary follicles and then eventually that little secondary oocyte found itself in a nice big whoa not that one a nice big graafian follicle that was filled with lots of blue liquid actually you seed here okay so there there is the the graphene or the tertiary follicle down here that you can see right here yeah it was the graphical uh-huh all this detail here about cells granulosa and all this other stuff don't worry about I am the corpus luteum as you told me the significance of the corpus luteum makes for just eat making progesterone but if there's no pregnancy then the corpus luteum will shrink stop making progesterone and turn into the purpose that begins and guess what that's a signal for menstruation exactly and when the woman is mixing these little follicles over here you're getting a message from the brain specifically from the pituitary alamos oh I'm haunting you now for sure and then hormone that's coming down from the pituitary known as FSH follicle stimulating hormone other-- follicle primary follicle secondary follicle tertiary follicle ovulate ovulation bursts start making progesterone and AIDS ten days later if there's no pregnancy corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans no progesterone menstruation FSH starts it all over again and that's why they call what you're seeing right now the ovarian cycle all the changes in the over okay ten minutes overtime anybody have any questions okay I will stay if you wish to if you want to talk about urinary at all if not you're you're free to go you're free to email me a thousand questions this week I'm gonna check my email every morning yes I noticed on the quiz occurrence arterioles responsible for the juxtaglomerular cells yes was there an error on the quiz number 21 I think it indicated ether ants it's on the UH ferry you're correct okay Mariola cells are on the afferent material that's how you know which is the other material this is one that has got the cells on and then there are just a few you know the two confusing names with the inter low below blur and the interim lobular okay okay interests the answer lobular we could call it cortical radiate veins because or arteries right that's how I remember it exactly exactly okay so let me let me do this let me shut the session for the night and that way we can do all the review you'd like all right so we'll stop in the recording reduction overall them do a little