Hey-oh, there's still an effect, no matter what, on what happened in 1565, what happened in 1521. Because what Magellan did then, they're mapping it. They're mapping the place they'll return to when the time comes, to their purposes of colonialism. To the natives of the Visayas, of Luzon, of Mindanao, the impact is more painful.
It opened the way to colonization and the end of the way of life that we knew it. They not only introduced Christianity, but they introduced various other things, including their settlement patterns. That was part of their catechism. You can only imagine how that would have changed a lot of their customs, traditions, and day-to-day behavior. Before this expedition, people thought that the world was round by theory.
And this journey was a test of people's capacity. The 15th Centennial we are celebrating this year will also use our passion to introduce our elders. Now, we are having a reorientation and refocusing of our history where we are returning our history to the lens of our own writers and historians. We need to understand that during the time of Europe, during the time of the Galugas, during the Age of Exploration, they had a system called mercantilism. When you say mercantilism, the wealth of their country is based on how much gold they have.
If there are products that can be used to make gold, it is very important for the country to prosper. And in Europe, at that time, their food was very rich. They realized that in Asia, there are recados that are used to taste food, the spices that we call that. Spices were treated like gold in Europe. And the weight of spice compared to the weight of gold, you can have more spices than the weight of gold.
So they were looking for the Maluku. Spain believes that Malucas is part of its territory. So to be able to reach that part of the world, they needed to go through the Portuguese waters.
Because they were enemies of the Spanish. Portugal was in the territory of the United States. Spain decided to find an alternative route to the Moluccas.
This is now part of Indonesia, in the southern part of Mindanao. There was a negotiation between the two countries in the Treaty of Tordesillas, which was sanctioned by the Holy Father in Rome. They are dividing the world.
The division is the places in the north, that is the capital of Portugal. The places in the south, especially in South America, will go to Spain. So this Magellan has a sense of adventure. He believes in what the scientific experts said back then, that the world is round.
We have to understand that Magellan was a former Portuguese sailor. He had been to various Portuguese outposts such as in India and of course in Malacca. That's how he got a certain kind of geographic knowledge of Southeast Asia and of course of the Philippines in that very, very early stage of the Portuguese incursion to Southeast Asia.
He was the first to prove that there was a route to the north. The king of Portugal didn't believe it. He then moved to Spain. The king and queen were very receptive to his idea. So, he gave five ships and boats to start his expedition.
So, on September 20, 1519, the five ships of Armada de Malucco left. And then, the Trinidad, the flagship of the Armada de Malucco. The captain is Magellan himself. Of course, there is San Antonio, Concepcion, Santiago, and Victoria.
Among the 270 crew of Armada de Malucco, Duarte Barbosa is there, he is an officer. Francisco Albo, Dines de Maffra, and the Italian writer are there. nobleman, Antonio Pigafetta.
Of course, Father Pedro de Valderrama is there, the priest they were with. And the partner of Ferdinand Magellan, Enrique de Malaca. Eventually, that's the knowledge of Malay, that's why he communicated with many people here in Southeast Asia.
It was carrying substantial quantities of what we call the divas, meaning to say giveaways. The Magellan expedition to the east relied more on diplomatic approach. The other thing that they carried of course would be armaments but then unlike what we always thought that the expedition was aimed at conquest, the armament that they carried were not actually designed for a prolonged warfare. Therefore, it shows that the expedition was not meant to be a conquering expedition by the cargo itself.
The Philippines has a rich tradition and rich culture before the Magellan Elcano Expedition. Specific here are the traditions of boat building, the traditions of cooking, the traditions of... the decoration of our bodies, and also the other organizations, social organizations that were dominant before the arrival of the Castilians. In the 1950s, when it was discovered that there was a Vaxxer Codex, it was confirmed that the documents of Pigapeta that the Visayas were real.
We have a lot of people who are learning. We have some silk from China. The coastal areas are yellowish.
The people in the mountains are also yellowish. They also have a bias because they have a constant connection to the coastal areas. If we look at the Laguna Copper Plate inscription, there is also a diplomacy and connection even with other countries and kingdoms in the Philippines and Southeast Asia.
As early as 900 AD, it is recorded that through the Laguna Copperplate inscription, how connected our ancestors were to Java, Indonesia. Evidence is also there in the use of the Javanese script, which is called Kawi, in various artifacts that were discovered in the Botoan, and this Laguna Copperplate inscription, and the language used in the old letters, as early as 900 AD, is Malay. There was trading going on among the peoples of the islands and also internationally with the Chinese, with the Arabs, with the Vietnamese, with Thai. You have, in other words, a maritime culture. Sa isipan ng maraming Pilipino ngayon, They think that when Magellan arrived, they could be powerful.
But that's not what Pigafetta wrote. They've been in the Pacific Ocean for hundreds of days. They don't have their own food, they don't have their own water. Then they went to Guam.
And in Guam, they didn't even know, the Chamorro were getting up and taking their things. They were surprised that, wow, these people are here. Then they started fighting, and there were a few Chamorro who died.
March 16, 1521, they saw the summer. They didn't want to go down immediately. They were scared. They were fearing for their lives. Because they didn't know if people like Chamorro would be hostile.
They anchored near Suluuan, but later they determined that the nearby island of Homonhon would be the more ideal place to land. Recently, a story was found about the folklore of the Visayas that tells the story of why there are no people on the island of Humonhon. Apparently, in that area of Humonhon, this is considered to be a sacred place of our ancestors that they don't live in. The island of Humonhon was associated with a certain god called Makapatag. March 17, 1521 is the feast day of San Lazaro.
To mark that day, they actually named the islands that they saw in the vicinity as the archipelago of San Lazaro. And the first thing that Magellan did was to put up two tents on the beach for the members, or the sick members of the expedition, they had no fuel when they crossed the Pacific. They had very dark nights.
They ran out of fuel. On Monday, March 18, 1521, that is when humanity in Humonjon celebrates. They were visited by the people of Suluang during the Magellan Expedition.
And there were exchange gifts. They were given bananas, and other kinds of food. So, if you look at the time they arrived here, they really needed it. They were starving, they were really hungry, they were really thirsty. They went down to the Komunhon Island.
They were really tired of their feelings. If our ancestors didn't feed them, the ones who are already dying, The first time we talked about the first circumnavigation of the world, the achievement of science and the universe. After eight days, they were ready to move to the next destination. They went south, passed by islands in Masawa, now Limasawa. They arrived on Holy Thursday.
Eight people in a banka went near the flagship. They used their interpreter, Enrique de Malaca. And apparently they can understand Enrique de Malaca.
They told him to give them gifts, a piece of wood with gifts on it. They took it. After about two hours, they came back in two boats, with the chief. Colombo was the chief of Limasawa. Colombo went to the flagship and they got a Kasikasi or blood compact.
Kasikasi or sandugo is usually considered as a Blood compact between chiefs. In order to forge alliances, chiefs had to undergo this ritual. The deeper significance is that it's a sort of kinship ritual. Enrique was sent back to the island to inform the chief that on Sunday they would have mass.
So this was now what we call the first mass. The First Easter Sunday Mass in Massawa was also attended by Raja Colombo of Massawa and his brother Raja Chiawi who was the chief of Butuan and Calagan. And there also, in that place, a cross was built in a high place.
And why was a cross built? Aside from this, it's about the Christian faith. He also said that if that is a cross, you will be protected because if there are ships that can see that, and if there is a cross, it means you are under the protection of the strongest king in the world.
That is the king of Spain. Of course, Rayac Raja Culambo is now promising. So, hindi lang siya spiritual.
Meron siyang political na, umaga, purpose. Nagtanong si Magellan, where can we get a lot of supplies and foodstuff? So he was given three places. One is Ceylon and Caraga, but Cebu was the better place. So si Raja Colambo, kinakausap niya si Magellan, na pumunta kayo sa Cebu.
Kasi sa Cebu, nakikipagkakalakalan sila. So punta ngayon sila sa Cebu. So they traveled for about three days towards Cebu passing by Camotes, Baybay and all that.
And they arrived here. If we look at the case in Cebu, the first time they arrived in Magellan, on April 7, 1921. They taught me how to trade, how to trade on the radio, through the help of ordinary traders. So, there's no special treatment if you're European, Chinese, Indian, Arabic.
So, foreigners are really used to seeing you. Cebu at the time was already a renowned market, you might say an entry point. It has a safe and courage and safe support. Raja Hubabon was a very very powerful chief.
Not so much because he was a warrior but because he was a merchant. Like every Raja protecting his realm, this was an opportunity at defending his realm and even expanding it beyond the Subo of his time. Raja Hubabon. was demanding from Magellan.
A sort of a port tax they have to pay for laying anchor in the port of Cebu. The interpreter of Humabon told Humabon, you have to be careful, these people have been notorious for their violence, so to speak, in India and other parts of Southeast Asia. You have to deal with them very, very kindly in a way and very, very diplomatically. Thank you. On behalf of Humabon, Kilamajelan, his son-in-law, who is also his heir, and in one of the conversations with Majelan, Majelan told the story of Christianity, the lessons, the teachings of Christ.
He said that he was crying. The Prince was deceived by the report. Of course, what was the result of their negotiation to get Magellan to be the king?
In the arrangement that they had, he promised that if you will be my ally, if you will be the ally of the King of Spain, we will fight all your enemies. And we will make you the supreme chief of all these warring chiefs. They will all bow down to you with our might. And of course, if you will come, what will I do?
Eventually, the events happened. Christian baptism because that is another means to cement his friendship with Ferdinand Magellan whom he believed could be used to, as I said earlier, to expand his power in the Visayan waters. 800 Cebuanos were magnified.
The husband of Humabon, named Raina Cucarillo, was magnified. He left it with the child in Santo Nino that Magellan brought. He asked for it and Magellan gave him this Santo Nino. Actually, barangay is the economic unit that the people are leading.
But more or less, they're independent from each other. Because each country has its own passion and each person has their own. Lapu-Lapu did not recognize Humamon. This was a voluntary call to fight Lapu-Lapu.
And in fact, when Umabon offered to have his natives fight with him, Magellan said, just watch us as we battle. So it's clear, he willingly went to that battle. Lapu-Lapu is actually the name of the pigafetta. Si Lapu-Lapu.
Narizal and some experts believe that the pig is a piglet. Eventually, we made Lapu-Lapu. He is the father of Mactan. No one else mentioned him in the pigafetta account, but he is the head of Mactan. The soldiers of Magellan went to Mactan and demanded that Magellan's friends be accepted.
Before the battle of Mactan, Magellan was still very proud. First, he only brought 49 soldiers. Second, he told the soldiers, whatever happens, don't fight.
Just watch. If we go back to Antonio de Morga's writing, the successors of the Philippines, he mentions that our ancestors are used to warfare, and that they are ready to face threats outside. The 1521 Battle of Mactana is a proof that they need to prepare for the arrival of Europeans.
They were met in Punta Enganil, which, unbeknownst to Magellan, has a very low tidal flat. The cannons were not rich land. So they had to go out of the boat. It was low tide. They had to wade in very low water with very heavy armor.
So they were sitting ducks. And yet they reached the shoreline and they burned some of the house. Moses on the shoreline, which angered, even angered, Lapu-Lapu and his men more. If you look at it, it was really used by the wise and the strategy of our ancestors, the Magelans. The description of Pigafetta, 1,500 of the Magtans coming from three sides.
And what is this? This is the strategy of the gay people, where you will be locked up. There are forces in the front, but when your enemy enters, someone will shoot them.
Two more to lock them up. Pigafetta said that they fight for one and a half hours. 49 versus 1,500.
We have to understand the fact that it wasn't actually a big battle that had always been portrayed in history. There are only about eight Spaniards who died and there were about 15 from the natives who died. So it's a small skirmish you might say. For the last 500 years, it had always been told in our textbook histories that it's the Pilapu-Kilma-Dyanan.
That's definitely the true. In the records of those who witnessed the battle, they didn't even mention where Lapu-Lapu was. Magellan was first hit on the face, then I think he was hit on the leg, but he stood his ground.
I think he tried to get his sword out again, but he couldn't do that. He fell face forward, and the natives ganged up on him. We still value Lapu-Lapu under the principle of command responsibility. He was the chief tent of the Mactan of that time. The success and the success and even the failure of his campaign is always attributed to the leader.
What happened to the Mactan was not a one-on-one duel between Lapu-Lapu and Magellan. This was a collective effort of the Mactan to defend their country against the enemy. of the Spanish. Why did Magellan lose? It's simple.
He thought he wouldn't lose because God was at his back. He didn't understand the system of the Filipinos here. He was influenced by what we call geopolitics. He embraced the belief that he was all-powerful. He had all the elements that would have caused a defeat.
He was thinking only of the armaments that he had. He did not think of the geography, of the emotions involved. That is a lesson for the next conquerors, especially Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, that he will not make such a mistake to underestimate the people here in these islands. Tradition would say, and some records would say, that they cut off the head of Magdala.
It's part of the culture of the Visayans at the time. If they admire somebody for his bravery, they generally take the head and put it in a pole and display it to the villagers to show them that we have conquered somebody who is renowned. We don't really know what happened to Lapulapo. The prestige, the respectability of Lapulapo among the chieftains of the Visayas was cut.
to that heights of greatness. Enrique didn't want to join the expedition because after the death of Magellan in the last will and testament, he needed to be forgiven. Eduardo Barbosa, Magellan's successor to the captain general, said that until we return to Spain, the expedition will still be in your possession.
You need to turn over to your wife. The strategy of Andre Cademalaca according to the Big Afeta was to force Rajahumabon to massacre the Prasila. When the Spanish returned from the Battle of Mactan, the Cebuans were a bit resentful. They massacred the people of Cebu.
the leaders. Father Valderrama was removed from the scene. When they saw that their leaders were being killed, the Spanish who were left continued their liberation. They were still looking for Maloco. And...
Juan Carvalho was the new president. Juan Carvalho ordered the ship to be removed. The ship was left with two ships left in the expedition, the Trinidad and the Victoria.
Eventually, they were sent to the other side of the Danau River. This is the story of the ship. This is the place that Pigafetta calls Chipit. And this is the Chipit in Sabuanga. And eventually, they left and went to Palawan.
In Palawan, there are a lot of food. When they got food there, they went to Brunei and they were still wandering. They met the Sultan of Brunei. They also met the Admiral of the Navy of Brunei, who happened to be the Prince of Luzon.
So we can see here the connection between Luzon and Brunei as early as 1521. This is the Prince of Luzon that they met. This is eventually the place where the old Radya will be in Manila. We know that the Tondo and Manila Kingdoms are the places where Miguel Lopez de Legazpi will eventually be able to face.
When they came back from Borneo, they went back and took the different places to the Sultanate of Sulu and the Sultanate of Maguindanao. In the past, we don't mention much about our books because we always end up in the Battle of Mactan. They also went to different places in the Sultanate of Sulu and Maguindanao. These places are part of the history of Daigdig and we don't really get lost.
So matapos na magalugan nila yung coastline ng Mindanao hanggang bandang Oktubre, nakarating din sila sa Tidor, sa Molucas, noong Nobyembre 1521. Doon nga nakuha yung mga rekado na hinahanap-hanap nila at pinagbuwisan ng buhay ng marami sa kanilang mga kasamaan. 18 people returned to Spain in September of 2022. The leader of these people is Juan Sebastian de Alcano. Among the people who returned to life is Pigafetta. He will tell us about this one day. Different effects occurred.
The expedition of Magellan and Elcano was very important in the history of science and navigation. Because for a very long time, people believed that the world was flat and not round. There were many theories that came out in the 13th and 14th centuries, but no one proved that the world was round. When the Magellan-Elcano Expedition was being visited by the whole world, people proved the theory that the world is round.
To be honest, the Magellan-Elcano Expedition, for many historians, is not really an important part of the history of the Philippines. If you look at what happened in 1521, Magellan came here, they were killed, and the story ends. But if you look at it, there's still an effect, no matter what, on what happened in 1565, what happened in 1521. Because what Magellan was doing, they were mapping it.
They were mapping the place where they would return when the time comes. to the natives of the Visayas, of Luzon, of Mindanao, the impact is more painful. It opened the way to colonization and the end of the way of life that we knew it. They not only introduced Christianity, but they introduced various other things, including their settlement patterns.
Even people's ordinary behavior, so that was part of their catechism. So what to do in your everyday life, what to do upon waking up, what to do in the course of your day, what to do before sleeping. You can only imagine how that would have changed a lot of their customs, traditions, and day-to-day behavior. For Christians, that's the positive impact of the circumnavigation. Another effect of the first circumnavigation is the westward route to the east.
And because of this, the Philippines will become part of what we call the galleon trade. And this part of the world trade will bring us good things like ideas, technology. That will fuel the growth of the country, the creation of the country, and the Philippine Revolution of 1896. Now, we are experiencing a reorientation and refocusing of our history, where we are returning our history to the lens of our own writers and historians.
And here, It's clear that our history is very rich and there are many things that are not written in our history that we need to reveal so that we can better understand ourselves and better understand the events of the past and the events of today. There are those who say that the importance of Lapu-Lapu should not be recognized as a country. That it is a local hero.
The Mactan of Cebu, because of the inspiration of our national citizens, Lapo-Lapo, it cannot be not important. Because he was used to revive and awaken the people of Macabayan. We are amazed at the distance that is coming to us.
Lapu-Lapu and the Battle of Mactan were inspired by Emilio Jacinto in a poem from 1895 to remind the Katiponeros of their roots that were covered by Lapu-Lapu's blood. And the very day that the Calayas were destroyed, the Philippines in the fight in June 12, 1898, they were also called the Lapu-Lapot and the Battle of Mactan. So we can see that even if it's just one of the limited events in Mactan, it's elevated by our soldiers because it's very symbolic. In a sense, it is a reflection of a past event, not only of the Cebuans, not only of the Visayas, but also of the Filipinos.
Because this is a story we have shared. It is good what we are showing in this story of Victorian Humanity. Because we tell the whole world, if you come close to us in understanding, Filipinos will be like brothers to each other. And that is what we will see in how we received the different refugees who need salvation from their countries. Itong pagpapakilala sa Pilipino bilang isang matulungin ay napakalaga sa sitwasyon natin ngayon, lalong-lalong na po ngayon na tayo ay nasa gitna ng pandemia.
Marahil ito ang sikreto. or the reason why our medical workers are looking for and are trying to invite patients to other countries. The reason for this is because we are good people. Oh