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Abraham Lincoln: Life and Leadership

May 8, 2025

Abraham Lincoln: Legacy of Leadership

Early Life

  • Born in a log cabin in Kentucky to Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln
  • Family:
    • Older sister Sarah and younger brother Thomas Jr. (died in infancy)
  • Childhood Move: Family moved to Indiana; faced hardships including the death of his mother from milk sickness
  • Relationship with Step-Mother: Sarah Bush Johnston, who encouraged his reading and intellectual growth
  • Education: Minimal formal schooling, mostly self-taught

Early Adulthood

  • Physical Stature: Grew to 6 ft 4 in by age 21
  • Occupations: Railsplitter, flatboatman, storekeeper, postman, and surveyor
  • Political and Military Beginnings: Elected leader by volunteers in the Black Hawk War, marking the start of political connections

Political Career

  • Illinois State Legislature: Elected as a member of the Whig Party
  • Key Projects: Advocated for infrastructure development (railroads, highways, canals)
  • Anti-Slavery Stance: Early opposition to slavery, promoted commerce over agriculture
  • Law Career: Passed the bar exam in 1836; practiced law in Springfield, Illinois

Personal Life

  • Marriage: Mary Todd; had four children (Robert, Edward, William, Thomas)
  • Tragedy: Death of son Edward

National Politics

  • Kansas-Nebraska Act Opposition (1854): Spurred Lincoln into national politics
  • Rise in Republican Party: Gained recognition for anti-slavery views
  • "House Divided" Speech: 1858, critical stance on slavery

Presidency and Civil War

  • Election as 16th President (1860): Lincoln's election led to Southern secession and formation of Confederacy
  • Civil War Outbreak (1861): Started with attack on Fort Sumter
  • Union vs. Confederacy: Lincoln led the Union against Confederate states
  • Major Battles:
    • Antietam (1862): Union victory, led to Emancipation Proclamation
    • Gettysburg (1863): Turning point, followed by famous Gettysburg Address

Emancipation and Legacy

  • Emancipation Proclamation: Freed slaves in rebellious states
  • 13th Amendment: Abolished slavery in the entire US

Assassination and Legacy

  • Assassination (1865): Shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre
  • Impact on Nation: Lincoln left a lasting legacy through his leadership and efforts to reunite the nation
  • Memorials: Lincoln's face on currency, memorials like Mount Rushmore and Lincoln Memorial

Conclusion

  • Lincoln's effective leadership during the Civil War and as President established him as a pivotal figure in American history, remembered for his dedication to unity and equality.