today in the workshop we're working with led displays we'll see how to use an arduino with both seven segment and dot matrix displays in a variety of configurations we'll also check out some great display libraries to simplify our coding tasks we're emitting some light on the matter today so welcome to the workshop [Applause] well hello and welcome to the workshop and today we're going to be working with led displays now led displays were arguably the first type of solid-state display device and in fact it's because of led displays and their popularity in the mid 1970s that we started seeing the word digital used with consumer electronics things like digital clocks digital watches digital calculators all used seven segment led displays now despite their age led displays can still be a very good choice for a number of applications they aren't a good choice for a battery-powered device because they use a lot of current but if you're building a device that needs an indoor display that's visible in all kinds of light conditions from all sorts of different angles if you want to be able to choose from a variety of colors and sizes and if you're looking for an inexpensive display then led displays are a good choice we're going to be working with both the seven segment and the dot matrix type of led displays today but before we do let's learn a little bit more about these displays in 1962 general electric developed the first light emitting diode in 1969 hewlett-packard created the replacement for the nixie tube using light emitting diodes nixie tubes were display tubes that used filaments to display numbers leds became very popular in the 1970s thanks to the advent of the seven segment display original led displays were all red with green displays following soon led displays have a number of advantages they're very low cost they're extremely reliable they have a very long life span and they're very durable and can easily be made weatherproof however led displays have a much higher current consumption than other display technologies they're also limited to the number of characters that they can display in order to view led displays best you usually require a filter or bezel in front of the display in order to accent the characters today we'll be working with two different types of led displays the seven segment display and the dot matrix display we'll begin with the seven segment display the seven segment figure representation of numbers has been around for quite some time in 1903 it was used for telegraphy with telegraph signals transmitting the individual segments of the display by 1910 there were seven segment displays in operation that used incandescent bulbs but it wasn't until the 1970s that seven segment displays became commonplace thanks to the use of leds seven segment displays consist of seven individual leds and they can be wired in two configurations one configuration is common cathode where all of the led cathodes are tied together in this configuration the cathodes are all grounded and applying a positive voltage to the individual segment inputs will light the led the common anode configuration is the reverse where all of the anodes are tied together and tied to the voltage source applying a ground level signal to the inputs will light the leds no matter which configuration you choose you're going to require dropping resistors these will limit the amount of current and voltage delivered to each leds there are two different ways to hook up dropping resistors to a seven segment display the most common and best performing method is to use an individual resistor for each of the segments in the display for a five volt power supply these resistors can be somewhere between 220 and 470 ohms another method of connecting a dropping resistor is to use a single dropping resistor on the common side this method of course has an advantage in that it only requires one resistor but its disadvantage is that the display brightness will vary depending on the character it displays because the current is being divided up by the number of leds activated so for example a number one will appear much brighter than a number eight nonetheless if you wish to use this method for a five volt supply you can choose a resistor with a value between 820 and 1.5 k in order to display characters we illuminate the individual elements of the display we can build up a truth table that indicates which elements are lit for each character and we can display every character numerically from zero to nine plus the first six letters the alphabet for use in hexadecimal displays led displays have excellent visibility in the dark the newest generation of led displays are also visible outdoors in broad daylight unlike other display technologies leds have very good visibility at wide angles these displays are inexpensive and are available in multiple sizes and with different color selections there are so many choices of led displays that you're sure to find one that's perfect for your project so let's start working with led displays so here are a number of seven segment led displays many of which we are going to be working with a little later on today in this video now this first one over here is an individual display and like all of the displays it's got the seven segment character plus it's got a decimal point and if i flip this one over you'll notice a number of leads there are actually 10 of them and the 10 leads go out eight of them go out to the leds the seven segments and the decimal point and the other two are the common ones and in this case this is a common cathode led display but the wiring on a common anode display would be just the same now here's one that has two elements in it and you might expect double the number of wires but you don't get double the number of wires and i'll show you in a little bit how this is wired because the same goes for this three element and this four element display like the four element display doesn't seem to have many more wires than the two element display so i'll show you what the wiring is inside these displays in a bit and also how we can use an arduino to drive one of them and this last one as you can see actually has eight led displays on it and this one only has five connections for all eight leds and again this is a different way of connecting than connecting directly to the individual elements and we'll be showing you that as well later in the video so let's go and start working with our seven segment led displays so let's begin our experiments with led displays using the simplest led display of them all the standard seven segment led display now i'll be using a common cathode device for this and for all of my experiments and they are the most common type but you could rewire everything for a common anode device if you wanted to however i'd suggest that you try to obtain a common cathode one as it'll be a lot easier so let's take a look at what it takes to drive a seven segment display with an arduino uno in this experiment we're going to connect a single seven segment display up to an arduino now this is the pin out of a standard seven segment led display and most led displays follow this pin out but you could check the spec sheets in your display to make sure note that this pin out is equally valid for both common anode and common cathode devices and we'll be using a common cathode device in our experiments in addition to the seven segment led you're also going to require an arduino uno and eight dropping resistors 220 or 330 ohms now i used a resistor array pack which contains eight resistors in a pin dip packet because i find it a lot easier to wire with this but you can also use individual resistors if you wish we'll begin by connecting pin 6 of our arduino through the dropping resistor the segment a of the led that's pin 7 on our led pin 5 of the arduino will be connected to segment b which is pin 6. pin 2 of the arduino will go through the dropping resistor and then connect the segment c which is pin 4. pin 3 of the arduino will connect through the dropping resistor the segment d which is on pin 2. arduino pin 4 will be connected through its dropping resistor to segment e on pin 1. pin 7 on the arduino will be connected through its resistor the segment f which is on pin 9. arduino pin 8 will be connected to segment g which is on pin 10 and we'll connect pin 9 of our arduino through its dropping resistor to the decimal point segment which is on pin 5 of the led display and because this is a common anode led display we'll connect the ground of the arduino to the common pin on the display and this completes our wiring now let's take a look at some code we can use to run our led display now there are a number of different methods to drive a seven segment led display that's been connected directly to the i o ports in an arduino and you can do it manually because after all all you're doing is you're turning on and off leds so you create a raise for example which is a very common method of doing it and have an array for every single number in the array would have all the different elements of the seven segment led and would indicate whether they're either high or whether they're low another way of doing it is to use a library and i find that to be a lot easier and so we are going to be using a library called sevseg and it's made exactly for doing this so it's s-e-v-s-e-g and you can see it over here by dean reading and we're going to install that okay so now we've got that library installed we can go and take a look at a sketch i've created in order to use the seven sig library and we're going to start off by including that library and then we're going to create an object which is going to represent our seven segment display and we're just going to call it sevseg then we're going to define a number of parameters for our display now the first one is the number of digits in the display the seven seg library can be used with led displays that have more than one digit like some of the ones i showed you a little bit earlier and in fact we're going to be using it with the four digit display in a moment but right now we're using a single digit so it's just a one over here now the display select pin is not relevant when you're using only one single display but when you're using multiple displays it tells you which pins you're using to select the various different displays in in the unit so if it's a four digit display for example there would be four entries over here but for a single digit one there's no entry then the display segment pins are over here and these are in the order a b c d e f g and then the decimal point and so you just define the pins that you're using on your arduino to connect the display so if you want to connect it differently you can just change this string over here you need to also indicate whether you're using dropping resistors or not because this can actually try to use pwm to simulate the effect if you're not using them and then the display type and in our case it is a common cathode display but of course you could also use a common anode display and then it's very easy to use in setup you set up your display object you do a begin and you pass all those different parameters that we just went over and then you can set your display brightness and this can be any value from 0 to 100 and then in my loop i'm just going to set a number to display so we're just using the set number property and we are giving it the number to display so i'm going to give it the number 3 right now and we're going to refresh the display and then do it over so we should be displaying a number three so let's just load that up to my arduino right now and as you can see we've got a number three on the arduino right now now let's go back into the code over here and change that number three to a different number let's make it a six and we'll upload that and there we have a number six so as you can see the seven sig library makes it very easy to print to an led display to a seven segment display that you've got connected directly to your arduino now here's another bit of code that just expands upon our previous sketch and what we're going to do is we're going to create a counter and we're going to be using the seven seg library again so we're going to start off exactly the same way we did before by including the library creating an object defining all the parameters for our display which are identical to what they were in the previous sketch then in setup we're going to start our display the same way that we did before and we'll set the brightness and then in the loop where we're going to do things a bit differently and we're going to set up a counter here so we're going to make an integer i whose value is going to be from 0 to less than 10 which in other words is nine we're going to increment that and as we cycle through it we're going to use the set number property on seven sig to set the number that we display on the led display we'll wait for a second refresh the display and go and get the next number so this should just cause the display to count from zero to nine and then repeat so let's load that up to the arduino and take a look at it in action and so here we have our counting demonstration and as you can plainly see it is counting from zero all the way up to nine and then cycling back on itself and it seems to work pretty well and the display is very readable now if all you require is one seven segment display and you don't need other i o ports for anything else then this is actually quite a viable way of driving an led display with an arduino now earlier in the video i showed you a number of different led displays including some two element three element and four element display devices and i also showed you that on the back of them they didn't quite have as many pins as you might expect for so many display elements and the reason is these are multiplex displays and so i want to bring out the four element display right now show you how it works show you how we can hook it up to the arduino and write some code for it so let's go and do that in this experiment we'll be using a seven segment four element led display although the principles also apply to the two and three element displays as well this display has four independent seven segment leds now i'm illustrating common cathode devices but common anode devices exist as well the four leds are connected shown here with all of the segments connected together the common lead for each of the leds is brought out to a connection for digit 1 digit 2 digit 3 and digit 4. now here's the pin out on our display module as always i would check your spec sheets for your display module to make certain that it's identical in addition to the four element display module will also require an arduino uno and 401k resistors instead of using dropping resistors on each of the elements we're going to be putting our dropping resistors on the display select lines so these need to be 1k resistors we'll begin by connecting arduino pin 9 to display pin a arduino pin 2 will go to display pin b arduino pin 3 to display pin c pin 5 of the arduino to the display's d segment arduino pin 6 to display pin e pin 8 to display pin f and pin 7 to display pin g we'll be connecting arduino pin 4 to the decimal point pin on our display arduino pin 13 will go to digit select 1 pin pin 12 to digit 2 pin 11 to digit 3 and pin 10 to digit 4. and this completes our wiring now let's take a look at some libraries and code we can use with this four element display now here's a simple sketch that we can use just to display a four digit number up on our display and once again we're going to be making use of the seven seg library now you'll find this sketch is almost identical to the one that we used to display an individual digit on the single display most of the changes are just in the top of the sketch so we begin by doing the same thing including the seven seg library and creating an object for the seven segment display now here's where some of the changes are first of all the number of digits we have is now four instead of one and the display select pins now this array actually has values and it's got four values in it and those are the four pins that we've used for the display select pins on our display and so of course you could wire things differently and just change these numbers around and then we once again have the segment pins so these are the pins we've used for the eight different display segments we've used dropping resistors and it is a common cathode display now the setup is identical to what we did before we just do a begin we set the brightness and then we have a loop over here and we did the exact same thing that we did in our first sketch we just did set number only now it's a four digit number so i'm just going to pass the number one two three four up to our display and then we'll refresh the display and do everything all over again so uh it's a very simple sketch let's load it up to the arduino and take a look at the results so here's a demonstration of our four digit led display being driven by the arduino directly and it seems to work pretty well you can see our four digit number on the display quite clearly now the display is not as bright as it was when we were using the single digits and that is because of the dropping resistors we have over here of 1k and you have to remember the dropping resistors are on the display select lines and so the current is being divided between all of the different led segments and that single dropping resistor now as a result this does have a bit of an effect that you can't really see on the camera because i think the camera is compensating for it but i can see it myself right now and that's that the number one is quite a bit brighter than the other numbers over here and that's because of course the number one only requires uh lighting of two different segments and so it's got the current all being divided between these two segments where something like a number three uses five segments and that same amount of current is being divided five ways so that's one of the consequences of using the resistors on the display select line as opposed to using seven or eight if you include the decimal point resistors on the lines to the individual segments but otherwise it's a reasonable compromise the display is reasonably bright but not as bright as the individual display was but it's certainly quite usable now of course we've used pretty well every digital i o pin on this arduino up so if you have a project that just needs a display and that doesn't need too many i o ports you can always use the analog ports as digital ports or you can use them indeed as analog ports if that's what your project requires something like let's say a thermometer or something this would be a pretty viable arrangement for hooking up a four segment led display to an arduino i'm going to run another demonstration on the four digit led display and for that i'm going to use one of the example sketches that comes with the seven sig library and this is the seven say counter and you can get to it by going into examples and then do examples from custom libraries go into seven seg and you'll see seven say counter over here now i've got it open on this side beside the sketch that we ran earlier just because i'm going to need to make some modifications of this sketch and the reason is they use different pins and some different parameters for their display so it's quite easy to do the number of digits is correct but the digit pins are different so i'm going to go to my original and get the digit pins over there and copy them over here and the same deal with the segment pins they are different as well so i'll take my segment pins and modify the example sketch to use those pins and resistors on segment is actually going to be true and it's a common cathode display that i have here okay and so let's just uh make this big right now because we don't need the other one and so this is a display that's just going to go and do a counter and so it starts off pretty well the same way that we started off our other display they do everything in the setup instead of at the beginning but it's the same deal and then we go into a loop over here and we're going to do a counter and we're going to count through our counter and display that onto the uh onto the display using the set number so it's pretty well the same type of thing that we did earlier with the individual display so let's just load that up now to our to our arduino and take a look at it in action and so here's our counter in action and as you can see i've got over to 700 right now and it's just going to continually account until we reach 99999 and then it's going to turn over you'll have to trust me on that because it's going to take a while to watch it do that but just another example of how easy it is to use a library to write to one of these four digit led displays and so once again if you don't mind using up all of the different i o ports this is a pretty cool display option for an arduino now multiplexing the wires in a display does indeed cut down on the number of connections you need to use in a multi-digit unit but it still is a lot of connections if you look at our last example we used pretty well every digital i o connection on the arduino uno in order to drive four displays now what if we wanted to drive 8 or 16 or something we're going to run out of i o ports pretty quickly well there's another way of doing this and that's by using a chip to convert serial data into led data and there's a tip called the max 7219 that does this particularly well and it can be used with both seven segment and dot matrix displays so what we're going to do right now is take a seven segment display that has eight elements and only requires five connections and that includes power and ground so let's go and take a look at how this works our eight element display is based around the chip made by maxim semiconductors called the max 7219 the max 7219 accepts serial data and can drive up to 64 leds inputs that a max 7219 include data in load which is also called cs or chip select and a clock pin the max 7219 also provides a data out pin so that you can cascade devices and it provides outputs to drive 64 leds on an 8 by 8 matrix this can be used for dot matrix led displays and it can also be used to drive 8 7 segment displays including decimal points that's what we'll be doing today the only other thing that we're going to need in addition to our display is an arduino uno we'll connect the 5 volt output of the arduino to the vcc of our display if you wish you could also use a separate power supply and if you intend to cascade displays you should use a separate power supply we'll connect the arduino's ground to the displays ground pin 12 of the arduino will be connected to the data in or dn pin on our display pin 11 of the arduino will be connected to the cs pin on the display this may also be labeled as load on some models of displays and pin 10 of the arduino will be connected to the clock pin on our display and this completes our wiring now in order to make use of our 8 led display we are of course going to be using a library and there are a number of different libraries to choose from because the max 7219 kip that is driving our display is an extremely common display controller and so let's go and install a library right now let's go into manage libraries and do max 7219 and you'll see there are a number of different ones now we're going to come back to this because we're going to install another one in a while but the first one i'm going to use which i've already installed is called max 7219 by jonathan evans it's just called mac7219 so install that library and then go into the examples and choose the demo example and that's what we're going to look at right now and the demo example is just going to print some text over to our display and do a few things like scrolling to illustrate the properties of the library so it's going to start by including the library and creating an object and in this setup we're just going to set up a serial monitor and we're going to start off our new object and everything is done in the loop and so we define a couple of strings a character and an integer over here and we go on to write our demo so it's going to write a demo over here i guess it's supposed to be temperature and fahrenheit it's going to right justify and left justify the text and so that's what this property over here is right or left justified it's going to show a counter over here with some decimals and it's going to display that and again you can justify the text over here with the second parameter every time you do a display text so you basically do a display text every time that you want to write over to the display it's going to go through a counter it's going to go through a number of characters and it's going to position the characters move them around it's i'm going to count from the left count from the right just a number of demo functions and so you can go through all these different examples and see how you can use this library now i find this to be a good library the only restriction though is first of all there don't seem to be any way that you can specify different connections to your display so you have to connect it up exactly this way and another thing is if you're going to use more than one of these eight character displays there doesn't seem to be any way to specify which of the ones that you're using so if your needs are fairly simple this is a good library to use let's load this demo sketch up and take a look at it on our display and so here's our demonstration text running on the display and as you can see it's displaying a number of random characters it's going back and forth it's scrolling between all of the different digits a little while ago it was doing a count it's quite an involved display i think it's just starting again now giving those temperatures both left and right aligned now it's going through its counter starts off kind of slow with the decimal point and then it goes faster so as you can see it's a pretty versatile library and it makes it very easy to work with these eight character displays providing that you only want to work with one eight character display and that you can connect it the way that i have shown you in the hookup diagram now the library that we just looked at is actually suitable for most purposes but if you want to cascade displays you're going to need to find another one and as we saw earlier there are a number of different libraries for the max 7219 now one of them is called led control and you can go into your library manager and just look for it it's this one over here led control it's kind of the classic library for controlling these devices and so you might want to check it out and we're going to check out one of the example sketches from it right now so i've already installed the library i've opened up the lc demo cascaded devices example that they give us now we're going to have to make a modification to this it doesn't seem to need to know how many devices we have it's going to detect them and you can add up to eight devices cascaded with this but we do need to change the pin outs because they're different than the ones that we used and so we're going to have to put in 12 10 11 and 2. so the 12 is right we're going to switch to 10 and the 11 and we used pin 2 over here and so once we do that we should be able to load this up to our board and take a look at it now what this is going to basically do is it's just going to go through the device and it's going to go through every single segment on each one one by one and light them up and so it's going to take forever to run the whole thing but it's both a good way of testing your devices and also to see how we can work with cascaded devices so load it up and let's check it out so here's our demonstration and you can see what it's doing it's just going through both displays and it's lighting segment by segment of each display element and it's alternating between the two cascaded displays and so you could cascade more displays it'll actually accept up to eight displays and it will continue to do this so this is both a good demonstration of how to cascade displays and also it's a great test to make certain that every one of the segments on all of your displays is working well up until this point we've been using seven segment led displays and seven segment led displays are useful when all you need to do is display numerical data but if you need to display text or if you need to display symbols you can't really do it with a seven segment display there are a couple of letters you can do on a seven segment display but you certainly can't do the entire alphabet well there's another type of led display and that's called a dot matrix display and it consists of a matrix of leds instead of individual segments and by using one of these displays you can display just about anything you can display alphabet characters you can display numbers you can display special symbols so let's go and take a look at how these displays work and then we'll connect some up to our arduino so i've got some 8x8 led matrix displays over here and this is what we're going to be working with today and i've got two of them over here they're two groups of four and each of them is mounted onto a printed circuit board they're actually cascaded and so you've got four of the same circuit and i've pulled one of them off to show you the integrated circuit that's underneath here now on the bottom here you'll just see the connections and the connections are basically just the row and column connections for the display now these are green displays but you can get them in blue you can get them in red and you can also get multi-colored displays as well where certain rows are in certain colors so they're quite versatile another thing you can do with these is you can cascade them so you can put two of them back to back and make a very very long display so it's quite versatile so let's go and see what it takes to hook one of these up to an arduino and then we'll run some code to make some very interesting displays on our 8x8 matrix displays an led matrix display is much more versatile than a seven segment display as not only can it display numbers it can display letters in both upper and lower case plus a number of special symbols these displays consist of 64 leds arranged on an 8x8 matrix the leds can be addressed by row and column this is a perfect match for the max 7219 and so many of these displays are available with the max 7210 the display i'll be using today consists of four 8x8 led matrixes each matrix has its own max 7219 and they are cascaded as shown here you can also use individual displays if you wish in addition to the four matrix displays you're going to require an arduino uno and you're going to require an external 5 volt power supply for your display as well the 5 volt output of the arduino's internal regulator does not have sufficient current for these displays we'll connect the vcc on our display to the positive side of our 5 v power supply we'll connect the ground of our display to the negative side of our five volt power supply we'll also make a connection to the arduino's ground here we'll connect arduino pin 11 to the d in pin or data in pin on our display arduino pin 3 will go to the cs pin on our display on some displays this may be labeled as load and finally pin 13 of the arduino will be connected to the display's clock input and this completes our wiring now let's go take a look at a couple of libraries that we can use to drive our display now as you probably guessed when we're using a matrix led display we're going to be making use of a library and there's an excellent library called the parola library that can be used to drive these displays and you can drive multiple displays in order to make some very very intriguing demonstrations they've got all sorts of demo code you can do text scrolling you can do animations they've got all kinds of examples you can use to make a very fancy display so let's install corolla onto our arduino ide now i've already got my library manager open and you're going to search for max 72xx and you'll see it down here md parola and we're going to go and install that and when we hit install it's going to tell us that we're going to have some dependency libraries as well so we're going to say install all and our libraries are installed now there are a number of example sketches that come with this library and i urge you to go into it and give it a try with your displays some of them work very well if you have multiple displays such as if you have an 8 unit or a 12 unit instead of the 4 unit that i'm using but all of them are really educational and you'll be able to find all sorts of things we're going to do some very basic ones right now so this is our first basic demo and we're going to start off by including the libraries and we're also including the spi bus library which is included with your arduino ide and that's because we're making use of the spi bus for this display the next thing we're going to do is set the display type and there are two different types of displays that it supports and this is the one that i'm using it's a pretty standard one so if your display looks something like my display that's the one you want to choose otherwise there's another one over here that you can try now we want to know what tip select pin we're using we know we're using the spi bus so the other pins have been defined but we're going to define that and so we define that as 10 and we also define the number of devices and i have four of these displays on my board so my devices is set to 4 over here then we're going to create a display object that we're just calling my display we're going to pass those parameters back to it and in this setup we're going to begin that object we're going to set the intensity of the display this can go from 0 to 15 and you can play with this at 15 it's quite bright so you might want to set it up or down depending on your preferences i've got mine set to 5 and then we'll clear the display and in the looper it is going to demonstrate a few of the different functions that the parole library provides and so we're going to do the text alignment functions we're going to try align left we're going to try the center alignment i'm going to set the alignment right then we're going to do an inverted display and then we're going to set the display back to normal and in all cases we're going to do a my display print and we're going to tell it what to print on the display because of my library makes it that easy each one of these is going to have a two second delay and then we're going to go to the top and do it all over again so we're just going to get some text moving back and forth in our display so let's load this up to our arduino and take a look at it so here's my demonstration of the matrix led display and you can see i've got my arduino here of course driving the matrix display and here is the separate power supply that i'm using and this is a power supply that i constructed during a previous episode of the drone bot workshop and so if you want to build something like this you can go and check out that video now one of the reasons i use this power supply instead of the 5 volt bench supply that i have is because i've got the meter on the front here and it can tell me how much current i'm consuming and it does of course tend to fluctuate with how many leds are on i think when we get the invert over here it's the highest it was a little over 250 milliamps or a quarter of an amp here and it seems to hover at about 125 or so milliamperes but it fluctuates quite a bit of course with the number of leds on so you do need to have a bit of current in order to drive these displays but they're very bright displays they can be seen from a long distance so it's actually pretty efficient when you consider the performance you're getting out of the display well i just couldn't resist it i had to connect the second matrix display board up to the first one to extend it to eight displays and scroll my welcome to the workshop across it and i think it looks much better with all these extra displays now i only had to make some minor code changes if you go into the code here first of all with the max devices i change that from four to eight because i have another board with four more devices on it and then a couple of things just for personal preference i bumped the brightness up a little bit although to be honest i didn't notice a huge difference that used to be a five and now it's a nine and on the scrolling speed i set it to go a little bit faster that was set to a hundred i set it down to 70. but you can see the results right now quite readable in fact i think it's a beautiful display over here i might consider putting it into a frame or something and mounting it right at the very back of my workbench or something so that i can display welcome to the workshop all the time on my matrix led displays now the parola library comes with a number of different examples you can use on your display and i'm running one right now which is supposed to be a pac-man emulation i think if you look at the display for a little while it's just starting there we have the little pacman and they're trying to eat those little things now if you want to get at this or any of the other ones just go down into your examples and you'll see two sets you'll see the max 270 uh the max 72xx excuse me and the md parola examples and this was in the max 72xx that i took this one out the pacman and the only thing i had to do to get it to run was on this line over here they had that set to 12 devices and i'm using eight devices and those would be the eight individual displays that are on my two modules that i've cascaded over here so you could pretty well spend all day playing with some of these examples they've got some excellent examples of how you can use these displays with the perola library okay well this brings us to the end of our look at led displays i certainly hope that you enjoyed it and if you're trying to hook up led displays to a microcontroller project of your own then i certainly hope that you found it useful now if you want some more information about led displays or if you want to grab the code i used today just head over to the dronebotworkshop.com website where you will find an article that accompanies this video and there's a link right below the video to that article while you're on the website please consider signing up for my newsletter no it's not a sales letter it's just my way of letting you know what goes on here at the workshop and if you want to discuss this further the best place to do this of course is on the dronebot workshop forums where you've got a bunch of like-minded individuals who work with electronics and computers and love to discuss these things and it's free to join the forum as well and finally if you haven't yet please subscribe to the youtube channel all you need to do is hit that subscribe button and then click the bell notification as long as you've enabled notifications you'll be notified every time that i make a new video so until we meet the next time please take care of yourself please stay safe and i'll see you again very soon here in the dronebot workshop goodbye for now [Music] you