hey folks today we're looking at and coastal management and we're particularly looking at soft engineering and hard engineering so on this side you can put hard engineering and then on the other side of your page if you put soft engineering okay so coastal management is broken into two types one is expensive one is less expensive one lasts longer one last lesson but visually aesthetically soft engineering methods always win at the beach especially if it's an area which depends on tourists so this is an AO three question okay you could get and it would ask you to sort of justify or perhaps evaluate which is best okay you'll have to look at things like cost so literally how much they cost per square meter you would be expected to know you know how much maintenance in simple terms each require and how long-lasting all the different techniques are okay so if you are prepared for those we've heard for anything okay so if we start with our hard engineering options okay so if we just run through the kind of ones that you might get the first one and I know some angular rocks here if you think down at Princeton so quite place at the school and there's big gray very very hard rocks down at Prince ed that's called rock armor okay sometimes referred to as rip rap these are huge have very very heavy rocks that are often imported from places like Norway brought over by boat and then deposited on our shores they make excellent sea defences the robust they last a really long time and they are very effective but they cost quite a lot of money so quite high cost but also they last a long time and they don't require any maintenance okay so really they are and very good option but some people say that they don't look so nice so you always have that potentially from people next up and you should know this from your fieldwork that we did it's goings okay sorry best drawing but they stick out sort of perpendicular to the sea and their main function I think back to that video that we did on them longshore drift and ask this is form but their their main job is to actually catch settlement and to reduce the process of longshore drift don't ever get caught up thinking that they can somehow stop longshore drift they can't if you imagine and this is the sea just draw some waves in and we've got longshore drift thing in this direction okay what it wants to do is take all this material this way all these goings are doing really quite effectively it's stopping that happening and they are catching the sediment as it moves along the beach and without these groins you wouldn't have a great deal of Beach you know Beach wouldn't be what we call a healthy Beach you wouldn't have a lot of sediment now a really good storm can you devastate a beach groins are not fully effective but they are a good option and they're not the most expensive option so their cost it's not too bad sort of less expensive than say the work on that so I'm just put okay and but they don't last a really long time okay so we might get sort of 50 to 70 years at best ask them and did any maintenance yes quite high maintenance costs to maintenance but they're usually not too bad and that's why they we've seen them they've been quite effective on lots and lots of beaches around the UK alright the third one it's sort of two-for-one really is our good old fashioned in the seawall now the first one I'm going to show you it's quite clever Archie it's one of these down inhaling have a look down there buy in on the beach and one of the waves are attacking I've got so you know I'm looking way to him not quite sure why and attacking the seawall heading in this direction this is wave energy seawall acts as a barrier land behind it and it stops those waves that's imagine these destructive ways the ones that have the most um swash sorry strongest backwash so taking material away and it actually acts as a barrier and protects the land now if it's curved the seawall what happens to the wave energy is it doesn't hits this seawall actually gets refracted and hits the waves coming in so the wave energy is refracted it's essentially using the waves against itself okay so it's probably caught a curved seawall and they're really effective really effective in terms of how long they last it's up to hundred years which again sounds like a lot but their cost is phenomenal you'd really bigger rating this one it's millions and millions for the impossible to say how much of that knowing how big a space you were looking at but they are really significant when it comes to cost do they need maintenance not so much so I guess that's sort of one good thing I'm visually not not super good looking things to have on the beach but I think that their effectiveness far outweighs that then the other way you can have a seawall I'll just pop it over here is you can have a flat one but the best of either Kurt or like a flight of steps step see wall so imagine this is their this is the land find it and then as the waves hit the seawall the energy goes into the gaps into the different steps and it's longer they're dissipated okay that way it just means it's broken up it's lost in the steps okay energy dissipated okay what the sea would like if it had a brain could think about it would be a nice flat area to have something like hydraulic action which is we know our strongest type of Malaysian just to force the wall to slamming into the Siebel trying to create cracks and gaps and things to widen up so when it's faced with this some stepped sea ball or if we said a curb feeble that impacts the amount of wave energy that's actually young used so it's a really good one it's very similar in terms of cost and how long it lasts and maintenance wise to the other stable I mean it's not a simple always ask this I can't we just cover everywhere and sea walls if they are too expensive and also they're not suitable everywhere if you've got people you know you need to get down to the beach or Tori so no this is not as nice as a sandy beach and also it's quite impractical when trying to scale one of these walk up and down them reach the beach you know it's not easy so it's not good for accessibility either okay let's go over to our our soft engineering options now and what we're thinking about these we can be thinking particularly about sort of why sputtering I sweat or hailing so try and think nice and local okay soft engineering is broken into the 3 R's you've got beat recycling beach replenishment and beach reprofiling we'll start with Beach recycling and not talking about taking a plastic there's something so number one beach recycling this is moving something from A to B old saying you just leave that for me to be well yes and that's something is sediment if you've ever been burnt a hailing or in the winter you will see trucks trucks Oh wasn't actually going to do this there we go draw the truck and big sort of tip of trucks you know ones where they can they can go up and then the goods swing out hydraulic lift isn't it and what happens is diggers hurt the sediment the beach material studies the shingled sand into the truck did you ride along the beach maybe a mile up tomorrow and then all that sediment comes out and then they drive back and they do the exact same thing having a joy ticket cuz I'm really not going to take it but basically they're moving the sediment to another part of the beach why would they do that remember longshore drift come back to over here moving the settlement from there this isn't Southwest but in the UK it's pulling Southwest all they're doing it's moving it back again okay so it's literally using the material that's perhaps moved over there over the season and bringing it back it's quite effective it's quite low cost problem with this one is the same with all of soft engineering is that it just doesn't stand up to the storms storms have an overpowering effect and can undo all of this hard work there look it is low cost and the other thing is glasses it's a smiley face it looks good people don't even know it's happened half the time so we like that one right the second one is what we call Beach repo reprofiling what the key word here is profile I'm not to pee better profile picture don't about the look of the beach say wait mutton this is the beach and then this is the sea yeah okay this is before so we've got a sloping Beach I've got somebody in a deckchair just relaxing nice and easy to get into the water no hard walking no climbing involved or after that this is the shape of the beach so they want to sit in their deck chair which I see they can um it's gonna be a bit harder though because we've got to see down here yeah maybe I did that little bit high but the beaches then post up we increased the height of the beach and that is simply because when the storms come in the beach is higher material gets washed away easier this Beach is vulnerable this Beach is less vulnerable and again cost it's quite late all it takes is a digger just perish in the sand up the beach I've seen it done doesn't even take very long and again you know it looks good like look at this one again people might notice this happened but then again they might not okay and often it's apples itself down by the season now the third are is beach replenishment and just as we would use the word replenish you know replenish your dream replenish your food we're thinking about adding something now let me see if I can do all this adequately so this is supposed to be one of those tankers you get out at sea and like really big ships okay see in then and then what happens is they have this huge pump it feeds out of the tanker and onto the beach and it basically shoots how sand and jingle batteries sort of more direct is more like a fireman's hose or something and it fires material that has been taken from the seabed she's obviously standing shingle so it collects that and then sprays it back onto the beach there for replenishing what is there so just that sprays sediment direct onto directly onto beach right it's great because it's using that natural material so nobody is and sort of having to see a sea wall or things like that it's nice and that it's using what the beach is already made of it cost is a bit higher but it's still lower than any of our hard engineering methods and it happens very quickly and it looks good so we're happy with that one and there's just one more which we're going to try and squeeze into this gap this one is technically a soft engineering method but I sort of feel like it's it's a little in the middle at times and this is what's called managed retreat now I'm not talking about the sea eating up the land here in a big storm that we weren't expecting this is this is the key word managed to treat not a storm that's just eating away and the sea defences and breaches and and gets on to farmers fields or people's homes this is a natural sort of merged and event that the Environment Agency have put in place and the case study for this one is med Murray which is an insurance adjuster so we've got it before and after again just do a line down the middle before and after so without before see ya and see move in and out in it with the tide yeah and what was here was an old seawall or possibly an earth bundles called which is a big and raised line of land might have grass on it and things but often it's an old seal or so it might have some cracks and it might be starting to break and then let's just say feels behind that so what happens is the sea meeting the old Batsy defenses which aren't terribly effective afterwards still see over here going in and out okay the old seawall was demolished it's no longer that they've broken it down so we've got our fields but they're not actually fields anymore because the sea has come further in and what they've done is dead put a new sea defense in you you see war sometimes it might be that earth one we talked about we'll see what the field is over here but these fields the ones that the farmer used to work on remember we're a little bit closer they've got the sea is then allowed to breach that old seawall and actually break it down and here's our new seawall but because the Seas not coming quite that far in we've now got some salt marsh developing remember we've got like birds who love this so much it's like a spaceship doesn't it let's try that again yeah lots of birds and salt marsh salt so salt much forms in the sort of gap the no man's land read between the new sea wall and the original mine of the sea and that's good so it creates a habitat that wasn't there before for wild birds and that can bring tourists in and it can bring in it both watches in that kind of thing but also so much acts as a sponge so it's directly soaking up any flood events and in flood waters and delaying any kind of damage to this new seawall you know for many years to come the best bit of this well cost is low even though we've got that nice Ewald fence it's less than trying to repairs older one maintain this older one looks great because we've got this wonderful new sort much you know so the Sears and it's intertidal zone here it's giving life to lots of waders and things like that and it's increased that habitat for wild birds so managed retreat just as they've done in Medved berry it's a great option and that's why it's not totally soft engineering's has got that new sea ball and there's hard engineering in there but it's also I think creating that natural habitat so it's sort of a bit of both thank you that helps you with your different types of soft and hard engineering