Overview
This lecture covers the environmental consequences of global trading connections between 1200 and 1450, focusing on the transfers of crops and diseases and their impacts on societies.
Agricultural Transfers
- Bananas, originally from Southeast Asia, were introduced to Africa via Indian Ocean trade.
- Bananas allowed population growth and enabled Bantu-speaking peoples to migrate into new regions.
- Champa rice, a drought-resistant grain from Vietnam, was introduced to China and enabled multiple yearly harvests.
- Increased rice yields in China led to significant population growth.
- Citrus fruits like sour oranges and limes were brought to Europe and North Africa by Muslim traders via Mediterranean trade.
- Introduction of new crops improved diets and health in receiving regions.
Spread of Diseases
- The Bubonic plague (Black Death) originated in northern China and spread via increased trade under Mongol rule (Pax Mongolica).
- Trade routes, particularly the Silk Roads and Indian Ocean routes, were the primary pathways for the spread of the plague.
- The plague devastated populations: one-third died in the Middle East, and up to half in parts of Europe.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Bubonic Plague (Black Death) — A deadly disease that spread along trade routes in the 14th century, killing large portions of Eurasian populations.
- Champa Rice — A quick-maturing, drought-resistant rice variety introduced to China from Vietnam.
- Pax Mongolica — Period of Mongol peace that increased trade and stability across Eurasia.
- Caravansarai — Roadside inns along trade routes where travelers and merchants rested.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review other unit 2 videos for additional context.
- Study for upcoming exams using the AP World review guide.