layers of the earth all right so we have three like major layers there's a lot of what we would consider like sub layers or a lot of the layers are divided up um into multiple um the first one is the lithosphere which is the crust so the very like outermost layer um plus the solid part of the mantle so if you if you've studied layers of the earth before you might have studied them as like crust mantle and core and um in chemistry we study them as like lithosphere which again is the crest plus the very upper solid part of the mantle the asthenosphere which is just under the mantle and it's more of a liquid like a very thick liquid um and but it does have movement so we get conver convection currents in there which is the movement of that liquid um oh and then the third part would be the core i don't know why it's not listed there but the third part is the core which is divided into the inner and outer core you can see in this picture that the outer core is a liquid and then the inner core is a solid which that is typical that's what you've learned before um but as far as like crust and mantle we're now going to call it lithosphere and asthenosphere um so again lithosphere is like the solid part of the earth and then asthenosphere is like that liquid part where convection current occurs the reason that's important is because that convection current is what when what makes like tectonic plates move which is every time those plates are moving they're like revealing new material or making new like rocks and sediment and uh stuff like that which then contribute to all of our cycles on earth so how the earth kind of works is sort of how how how we can exist here oil is found in the crust um here's a nice little picture it is very deep we do have to drill down but it is in the solid part of our um our earth the crust the lithosphere and um that plate tectonics like i said the the solid part is where we find oil the liquid part which is the asthenosphere is what makes our plates move and they're kind of named based on like where they are so this african plate here you guys can kind of see africa it's this gray line and then the african plate is this black line that sort of surrounds that gray line it almost kind of looks like the same shape um just larger same thing with like if you come over here to the south american plate you can see south america and then you can see the plate kind of follow that general pattern we have the pacific plate which is basically the pacific ocean um so forth so we have the um earth is made of a bunch of plates so even where there's water you know you go down deep enough and they're still you're gonna hit solid eventually and each between each of these plates is where we get things like volcanoes or trenches it just kind of depends on if the plates are moving together or moving apart or right here this is where california is you can kind of see there's like a little part that's like sticking out so there's part of california that's on the pacific plate and then there's other parts that are on the north american plate um and we have a transverse fault there which means it slides past each other so those are the three kind of faults that happen in between the major plates but why do plates move it's because they're moving of the convection current underneath the lithosphere the convection current that's happening in the asthenosphere and what's happening is when we're down here in the earth we have really high pressure and really high heat and the closer we get to the core the hotter we get um that pushes all of the the the liquid part of that mantle of the asthenosphere up and then as it gets close to the surface it cools down and we know that hot stuff rises and cool stuff um uh falls so because of that we get what we call a current and that convection current that's spinning is what moves those tectonic plates um here's another good visualization of a convection current this lava lamp here you can see that the light how a lava lamp works is the light that's in the bottom of the lava lamp gets very hot and it heats the fluid so once it reaches the bottom it heats and it kind of rises and then once it gets far enough away from that light at the bottom it cools down that's when it starts to fall so it's kind of how a lava lamp work is hot rises it cools down and then begins to fall that's sort of what you see here with these arrows again hot is rising hot molecules rising it gets to the top where it's cold cold molecules fall and it creates a convection current um oil formation so in between each of those plates um it's it's sort of how we get oil that's not to say that oil can't occur in a middle of a plate it can there as well um but when plates move they trap you know animals fossils um i mean eventually even people um anything that was like an organic will eventually decompose and over millions of years and a lot of pressure and a lot of heat all of those once living animals become organisms that are now deteriorating over time and eventually they get turned into oil that's why we call them fossil fuels is because it's like a fuel that came from a fossil um it does take millions of years and they are formed by large amounts of tiny plants and animals um so in order for them to become a fossil fuel they have to be under large amounts of heat and large amounts of pressure so when plates when tectonic plates are moving like underneath each other and other ones are moving over so when they're going like towards each other um or even when they're spreading apart right they release a lot of heat so high heat high pressure is how we make fossil fuels so because our plates move um those fossils can really get in there and they can get deep and that's where we get all that high pressure and then the closer it gets to the mantle the hotter it's going to get which is just going to create more fossil fuels