Overview
This lecture covers key figures and important facts from early US history, particularly leaders and events from the American Revolution and the founding of the nation.
Founding Fathers & Key Revolutionaries
- Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod and appears on the $100 bill.
- George Washington was the first President, presided over the Constitutional Convention, and is on the $1 bill.
- Samuel Adams was a brewmaster, organized the Sons of Liberty, and helped with the Boston Tea Party.
- Thomas Paine wrote "Common Sense" and inspired the French Revolution.
- Paul Revere etched the Boston Massacre illustration and is famous for his "midnight ride."
- Henry Knox led the Fort Ticonderoga cannon mission, was a librarian, and became the first Secretary of War.
- Thomas Jefferson authored the Declaration of Independence, was the 3rd President, and founded the University of Virginia.
- John Hancock was the first to sign the Declaration of Independence, was a wealthy smuggler, and his name became a synonym for signature.
- Benedict Arnold was a hero at Saratoga but later became infamous for treason (attempting to surrender West Point).
Additional Key Figures and Facts
- Francis Marion, known as the "Swamp Fox," led a South Carolina militia and is considered the father of guerrilla warfare.
- The main spy network in the Revolution operated out of New York.
- The Louisiana Purchase was completed by Thomas Jefferson, not George Washington.
- The phrase "the British are coming!" is associated with Paul Revere, not Samuel Adams.
- John Hancock was the governor of Massachusetts and the wealthiest man in New England.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Founding Fathers — The leaders who established the United States and its government.
- Declaration of Independence — Document declaring the colonies' independence from Britain, authored by Thomas Jefferson.
- Guerrilla Warfare — Irregular military tactics, notably used by Francis Marion.
- Sons of Liberty — Secret group organized by Samuel Adams to oppose British policies.
- Treason — Betrayal of one's country, associated with Benedict Arnold in US history.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the roles and achievements of each major historical figure.
- Clarify any confusion from picture-based questions by cross-referencing portraits in your textbook.
- Study the contributions of Thomas Jefferson, Francis Marion, and Benedict Arnold for deeper understanding.