Second Phase of Indian National Movement

Channels and Content

• Jai Student Channel star Tarun Rupani Exclusive Channel: Dedicated to board students
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• Previous chapter: Phase of Indian National Movement

Second Phase (1907-1916)

• Leaders wanted strong methods of fighting
• Following mass movements and aggressive agitation

Partition of Bengal (1905)

• Lord Curzon's Partition of Bengal: Making Hindu Bengalis a minority
• Bengal: Included Bihar, Odisha, Chota Nagpur, and some remote areas
• Divided into two parts: Green (East Bengal and Assam - Muslim Majority) and Red (Bengal Proper - Hindu Majority)
• October 16, 1905: Black Day
• Fraudulent excuse of administrative density
• Motive: Break the spirit of nationalism, divide and rule policy

Anti-Partition Movement

• Mass movement: All sections of society (landlords, lawyers, students, women) involved
• October 16: National mourning and fasting
• Slogans of Vande Mataram, maintaining mutual unity
• Effect: Nationalism flared up more
• Partition reversed in 1911, capital moved to Delhi
• Resurgence of justice

Surat Split (1907)

• Assertive nationalists wanted to expand the Swadeshi and boycott movements
• Dispute over making Lal Lajpat Rai the president
• Result: Division of Congress

Assertive Nationalists

• Leaders: Lal Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal (Lal-Bal-Pal)
• Demand for complete Swaraj
• Method: Mass movements, Swadeshi, and boycott
• Revivalism: Remembering India's greatness
• Spirit of personal sacrifice
• Preparing lathi clubs and wrestling grounds

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

• Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it
• Revived Ganpati festival, Shivaji festival
• Established Home Rule League
• Wrote Gita Rahasya and Arctic Home of the Vedas in jail

Bipin Chandra Pal

• Father of Revolutionary Thought
• Supporter of national education
• Social reforms: abolition of caste, Widow remarriage, women's education

Lal Lajpat Rai

• First president of India Trade Congress
• Published Young India magazine (in America)
• Formation of Gadar Party
• Last words: Every lathi received on my body will prove to be a nail in the coffin of the British empire
• Formation of Servants of People Society

Conclusion

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