Heimler's History: Unit 7 - American Imperialism (1898-1945)

Introduction

Unit 7 of the AP US History curriculum covers 1898-1945.
Focus on American imperial expansion.
Goal: Explain similarities and differences in attitudes about America's role globally.

Expansion of a country's political, economic, and military influence over another.
America ventured into imperialism with the purchase of Alaska in 1867 (Seward's Folly).

1867 purchase from Russia for $7.2 million.
Initially seen as valueless, later became valuable due to gold discovery (1898).

Westward expansion history led to interest in international territorial expansion.
Closing of the frontier spurred interest in overseas territories.

Economic Interests: Desire for raw materials and new markets for American goods.
Social Darwinism: Justification for expansion based on the "survival of the fittest."
Global Prestige: Desire to match European empires and not appear second-class.
Racial and Religious Justifications: Josiah Strong's book, promoting Anglo-Saxon superiority and Christian duty to civilize.
Military Strategy: Alfred Thayer Mahan's influence; robust navy necessary for world dominance. Congress approved a new steel fleet.
Strategic Land Acquisitions: Need for Pacific and Caribbean bases for naval operations.

Nations should choose their rulers and laws (based on colonial American ideals).

Debate over whether the Constitution should extend to new territories ("Does the Constitution follow the flag?").
Anti-imperialists concerned about granting rights to non-white populations.

Overview of imperialist vs. anti-imperialist stances.
Encouragement to explore more resources for AP U.S. history, including video playlists and review packets.