all right welcome everybody to the Showcase webinar this is Jonah Hobson from ITI and we're in for a for a real treat today we have uh the beill take on taglines and load control with Keith Anderson and Monty chisel from beill um I don't want to waste any more time so so let's get going okay Keith here thanks Jonah hey no problem Keith um let me I'll run through just a couple intro slides and then I'll turn the screen over to you um so for for the new folks on the line and we had a bunch of them that's great to see um we just want to tell you who ITI is uh so I'll be very brief in this introduction um every day the it Technical and business teams we work towards the common goal of being the the go-to authority on safe crane rigging and load handling operations we've been absolutely blessed to uh work with some amazing organizations as you can see on the slide there we take a great deal of pride in contributing to their success even if it's just a you a very very small portion so uh at the top I mentioned one of our presenters today is Keith Anderson um today's not the today's webinar is not the first time that Keith and ITI have collaborated uh you can see on on the slide the the fundamentals of riggy engineering program it's the only program of its kind and ITI is uh just super excited to uh brought together some of the brightest Minds in the industry as instructors so uh Keith is actually the program manager the program is really born out of his uh his book rigging engineering Basics so uh it it I encourage everybody just to go to rigging engineering.com and check it out um very unique program format it's going to allow all full-time employees to participate at their own pace uh from anywhere in the world as long as you have internet access so yeah when you get a chance look at Ry engineering.com and uh learn more so if you haven't figured it out yet this is a showcase webinar Series so it's a free monthly technical webinar hosted by ITI Technical director Mike Parnell who unfortunately couldn't join us today he was called away on a project um I have some of our past presentations on the screen there all of which are available to view um we have a showcase webin our archive so we record all of these you can view them uh if anything strikes your fancy on the screen there please check it out and today's session been recorded as well and hopefully will be posted within 24 hours so I mentioned we have Monty and Kei um at the top of the broadcast I I want to take this chance one more time to thank them both for being with us today uh Mr Keith Anderson is the chief rigging engineer at Beal and he also heads up the rigging group um as stated on a previous slide Keith the author of rigging engineering Basics which is the foundational text for fundamentals of rigging engineering uh we also have Monty Chisum on the line he's from Beal as well Monty's the uh equipment superintendent or a and Equipment superintendent there he also is the head rigging operations trainer for for Beal equipment um very quick background on today's presentation so uh and something to keep in mind as you you uh follow follow along on the webinar today initially Monty and Keith came to ITI asking for a a peer review on today's presentation so what we've done is posted the pdf version um on our Forum on i.com so we could get feedback from all of you um kind of a peer review mode so I have some screenshots there uh saying how to go through it go to i.com you click on the tab on the right um and then the form window will pop up um This Thread is called taglines and load control appropriate I know um and then it'll take you take you into the process and then you can download the presentation file and enter the peer review there I'll run through the process at the end of the webinar as as well uh and show you guys and I'll also send out a direct a direct link to um The Forum so that's all for me I want to start today's broadcast just by launching a poll to get a little bit of a background on where everybody's coming from so this um I'm going to launch it right now so when does your organization specify the use of taglines is the question uh so I just open the poll the options are there isn't a policy always when lifting always except at the discretion of the person in charge solely at the discretion of the person in charge or only for lists at considerable height and looks like we have a good amount of you are voting there I'll leave it open for just a couple more more seconds When I close the poll we can go through the results all right so I'm closing the poll looks like 38% say they always use taglines when lifting that's interesting that's the highest amounts um and then the second highest amounts 29% of the people saying always except at the discretion of the person in charge so interesting stuff there um that is all from me thanks for bearing with me in the introduction I am passing the screen over to Keith and uh Keith and Monty why don't you guys take way okay well I hope you can all see this uh thank you Jonah yeah you're we all see your screen so you're good to go good to go yeah okay today for a while now we were looking for some good guidance on tagline use that we could give people in the field we didn't really find what we were looking for so we got our heads together to compile something and this presentation closely follows the draft document that we came up with and as as Jonah mentioned there'll be a pdf version of the doc made available to you it's offered as is it's still a work in progress and we would appreciate feedback bear in mind it's simply advice and guidance so first of all let's start with the disclaimer that's going to keep Monty and I and our employer out of legal trouble so consider this as best practice for the subject addressed it's not exhaustive for all possible work activities use the content herein the experienceing conditions as presented by the load the Personnel the work environment and the equipment when determining the best placement and use of Tank Lines and always comply with applicable legislation it may well be that you're going to be bound by some rules and regulations either statutory rules or the ones you're working under so this is guidance and advice it's not the law of the land okay why TIG lines well freely suspended loads are subject to Dynamic and wind forces that can cause them to swing or to rotate I.E wind vein during lifting and these Tendencies need to be managed and controlled the risks of not doing so include the possibilities of the load striking something or someone with potentially severe consequences to Personnel load hand or lifting equipment and so on and crane booms in particular are very susceptible to being struck and they may well collapse if they're deformed to mitigate these risks it's a requirement I note that it's a requirement that persons conducting a lifting operation are in control contr of the payload at all times ensuring it does not make unintended or uncontrolled movements you can see on the picture there they're lifting that load down a shaft the guys are there at the bottom and there's a distinct possibility of the load and or the the rigging striking the bracings that there are across the shaft so what is the tag line well I assume all of you pretty much know what a tagline is but for those who don't it's a rope attached to a load during a lifting operation to allow a rigger to control swinging Andor rotation of a suspended load and multiple tag lines might be needed to exercise full control this deal here being the tagline obviously and this being the the model tagline Handler okay the purposes of a tagline we're going to talk about what it is and what it isn't and taglines are used to first of all oppose uncontrolled rot of a freely suspended load as it's lifted and or maneuvered or relocated under the influence of forces such as wind acting on it secondly to alter the rotational attitude of a suspended load ASDS guided along a path or to position it in a particular attitude thirdly to assist in controlling swinging induced during lifting and fourthly to avoid the need for persons to put their hands directly on the load to control it where that would pose a hazard allowing safe distance between them and the load tag lines are not to be used for pulling a load out of its natural suspended line inducing inhaul or outall of the load lines as you can see on this little sketch here he's dragging it out of line secondly it's not to hold a load against wind forces that are trying to push it out of line you really cannot fight wind forces directly with taglines thirdly you may not use a tagline to contribute to supporting the load so we're going to have a little a little bit of a thought here let's let's talk about this lift do you think this tagline setup is an effective way to control this steel beam during the sft operation have a little bit of a think about that and we're going to return to this at the end of the presentation yeah Keith um yeah everybody pay attention to the slide you see on your screen right there I'm going to launch a poll right now uh just a second poll so try to take in on that picture because I think it'll disappear once I launch the poll um but basically the question is do you think this tagline setup is an effective way to control the steel beam during this lifting operation so let me I'll open that up just for maybe 30 seconds here just launched it there pretty simple options are yes and no this time and looks like we got over half the people voted already so about five more seconds I'll open it up and all righty that's about three4 of you have voted so so I'll close it now and it looks like the results are pretty clear 91% say no and 9% say yes as Keith mentioned keep this in mind and we'll revisit this at the end so back to you ke okay well hopefully the slides that follow are going to give you some pointers on that good to see that so many didn't think it was under control okay types of tag lines Monty now Ro used for tagline should be manufactured out of soft fabers such as synthetic you know plastic uh rope or natural fibers that don't present the manual handling hazards of wire rope they should be semi stiff or coated so as not to easily Tangled and be in single lengths in other words continuous without knots in the middle of them tying an extra rope on the types of rope that we want to use either natural or synthetic fibers are either made out of hemp or Co that twisted or braided rope either one of them nylon polyester and polypropylene the terminations that we use uh mechanical terminations such as hooks Clips or carabiners now these can be loadbearing or non-load bearing and also the terminations that we use either eyes and twisted rope such as a braid either a thimble or a soft eye or a turn back eye and in braided rope same way note that using a tagline with a braided eye in one end does allow us to choke it around like say steel for easy control and removal by Personnel at Heights now the knots that are in the rope that we will use to attach the loads we're going to talk about those later but there's also availability of T of retractable tag lines and we have a link on here for those okay insulating links note that a number of companies manfacture insulating links that will help protect tagline Personnel from risk of electrocution when operating in proximity to high voltage power lines you would incorporate these links in the length of the tagline using knots close up to the load and the one you see there is a um a link made by company called insulators and note that although the use of insulating links is recommended as an additional Safeguard over and above other safety requirements such as maintaining stipulated clearances when working near power lines there is no perfect assurance that electrocution can be avoided by their use they are however a useful tool to have in the Arsenal so why would load want to rotate well there's a couple of reasons why a load may may want to rotate on the hook as it's lifted and maneuvered and the main reason why it would rotate is the action of wind forces so unless a load has the same area to the wind regardless of rotation for instance in the case of a vertigal cylinder it will want to rotate in a wind to present its least area to the wind which of course is the principle of a Weather Vein so for instance a vertigal cylindrical chemical vessel may show little or no tendency to rotate in a wind whereas a long flat-sided steel beam of the same area may show a pronounced tendency to rotate at the same wind speed so understanding this is a key factor in deciding whether or not tag lines are required to control rotation secondly the load lines May spin up some as the load is lifted using tag lines the load can be held static allowing the spin up to shake out at the bearing in the hook block there's the two points so here's a couple of Graphics illustrating that point the uh the vessel on the left is vertical and symmetrical there's no particular reason why that wants to rotate anywhere in the wind after maybe a little bit of load on the uh the spreader there but uh The Beam on the right will definitely want to to rotate to present its least area to the wind and could quite conceivably get very close to that crane so the shape is important not just the area so before we get too much into in the tag lines an understanding of the the forces uh is important because they can be a whole lot different than you might imagine so let's talk a bit about wind speed pressure and the forces induced the magnitude of the forces and the rotational effects acting on a load when that load is subject to the wind is often not well understood and underestimation can cause big problems so time to look at some Theory when a static object is subject to a flowing stream of wind there is going to be pressure created on it and there are some formula here that will allow you to figure out what the pressure will be they're all the same it's just different units the first one there is the uh the United States customer units it's the pressure is this this figure here or more easily you can say it's vs^ squ over 400 approximately that so uh if you want to work out what the pressure is on a a load using American units Square the velocity and divide by 400 where the velocity is in miles an hour for those of you who are metric Savvy this one here is going to give it you where vs is in meters a second and uh this one in kilometers an hour the pressure you're going to get is going to be in Newtons a square meter or pascals and note that the pressure is directly proportional to the square of the wind speed note the square sign so a doubling of the Wind speed is a quadrupling of the the pressure so how does that relate to uh to forces acting on the object the wind force is given by the formula where f equals the pressure times the projected area a times the shape factor or drag coefficient so the shape of the object also affects the magnitude of the force so typically you've got a a factor of 1.2 for long round pipes point8 for Short Round pipes or two for long flat plates or 1.4 for short flat blades wind speed is often referred to using the bow for scale on a scale of0 to 12 where six is a strong Breeze and uh that would equate to about 25 to 30 mil an hour and uh in the the handout we're going to give you access to the as a guide to the bow for wind speeds we don't we don't give it to here in this presentation note that the standard height at wind at which wind speeds are quoted is 33 fet above grade so if you see a wind speed quote that it's it's intended that it's at that height course the wind speed you're actually interested in is going to be that that's blowing on the suspended load and that uh that can be a whole lot different to the wind speed down a ground level noting of course that we've just said the wind speeds are quoted at 10 m or 33 ft above grade the wind speed actually increases logarithmically with height according to a curve similar to the following and what that curve actually looks like depends on whether the air is stable neutral or unstable whether it's over water or land and whether the site is disturbed by human habitation and so on in this case the wind speed at 100 m or 330 ft down here somewhere is twice what it is down at the base level of 10 m or 33 ft so this means that the pressure is four times that at 10 m so you need to be aware of this for lifting purposes the wind speed indicated on the anemometer on the boom head should be used as that's what's actually happening at height so why would want to swing a load typically takes a swinging when the wind is gusting or when moving with a load uh on on the crane hook and once started it can be difficult to stop ideally you want to stop it swinging in the first place or at least limit the amplitude before it gets out of hand so if an unrestrained suspended load is subject to a sustained wind force it actually moves sideways inducing an out of Plum angle in the suspension and the forces balance when the horizontal component of the tension equals the wind force and the load reaches a state of equilibrium at a slight out of Plum so long as the wind continues to act in a constant manner of course the second the wind drops that force is no longer there and the whole thing starts to to take to swinging so let's look at an example here we'll just do it in uh the US customer units so if you take a 10t x 10t clanning panel in a 20 mph Breeze facing the wind and assuming a shape factor of one there's going to be 100 pound of wind force acting on that panel remembering that of course the pressure is the wind speed squared over 400 multiplied of course by the area gives you the force that's where the 100 pound comes from if the panel weighs 1,000 pound the load will move horizontally approximately a tenth of the suspension height until the forces balance so if you have a suspension length of about 50 ft the load's going to move about 5T sideways in that wind which of course is a pretty considerable distance if the wind drops it'll it'll tend to return back to Plum and Swinging will be induced so it's not just the fact the wind is blowing gusting is a major a major issue you so why would a load want to swing well on on account of inertial effects so when you move a load with a crane the crane moves forward say but the load initially stays where it is which is inertia until accelerated by the horizontal component of the tension in the now slightly inclined suspension if the crane suddenly stops moving the load's momentum keeps it moving and it will swing like a pend until eventually it comes to rest so to minimize this an operator should gently accelerate and decelerate the crane so the load keeps up with the crane without swinging wildly note that there is a natural frequency to the swing which is independent of weight and is related to the suspension length if you're really unlucky wind gusting can reinforce his natural swing ever increasing the amplitude of The Swinging you can see that from this that light loads with large sail areas can be particularly problematic so the takeaway from all this is don't lift light loads with large sail areas and high winds if loads start to swing attempt to damp down the movement if that's problematic possibly turn the load to rotate to present its least area to the wind wait until it stops swinging and then turn it back and try again with improved control so when to use taglines and when not to most of you said well I think about a third of you said but you're always required to use them oer in the states says taglines on a load are required where hazards to employees exist in order to keep the loads under control so it doesn't say you have to use them all the time it says where hazards to employees exist in the UK Lola appropriate measures should be taken to prevent a freely suspended load from moving in an uncontrolled manner where the risks justify it taglines may be necessary to stop the load swinging for example with an overhead crane and the British standard it relates to Crane says if one or more handlines or taglines are required to give more control of the load the appointed person should designate persons to handle the lines so a common theme is the taglines are required to control a load where they're needed on the other hand where they are not required to control a load they're not required to be used that said I would recommend that they are used unless they would serve no useful purpose and could potentially create a snagging hazard how many taglines you need where they should be located and what their purpose is needs to be evaluated as part of the lift planning exercise and should should come out of the initial risk assessment mean taglines May for instance not be required to stop rotation but they might be required to receive steady and finally position the load keeping people at a distance taglines should therefore be used unless they would serve no purpose and could actually create a hazard what about uh loads that are suspended from two cranes up till now we've been talking about singly suspended loads but in this case we have a tandem lift and load suspended from two or more lifting devices cranes for instance will not freely rotate in the wind but they may swing a little trying to use tag lines to rotate a load suspended from two cranes is a really bad idea first of all you're going to store twist the second you release the line the load will revert back to its natur attitude in an uncontrolled manner secondly you don't have the strength to fight the cranes so you should carefully consider whether the use of taglines in these cases contributes anything useful of course it may be required to control swinging of the suspended load so that might be IR rationale for using them in this case putting your hands on the load manual control this is one for you Monty there may be instances when it's necessary for one or more persons put their hands on the load for instance say final alignment over anchor bolts okay now trying to do this with tag lines could virtually be uh proved to be impossible but there's a few things that we need to keep in mind number One never reach above shoulder height to access a load place your hands on the surface and never in on or under the load or at the end of a load especially when swinging or booming maintain an arm's length away from the load walk the load down reaching down also as same as reaching up moves you closer to the load Dynamic effects on the load such as wind pendulum actions and Swinging can put you at risk never place any part of your body in between a load and another object such as a pinch or a crushing Point make sure that good communication is always maintained especially when hands are on the load keep your fingers nose and Toes Etc well away from Pinch points lowering should only be or raising should only be initiated at the command of the person in charge and after confirmation that everyone is clear you can see here that you've got the guy who's doing the signaling is in Clear Sight of the guy who's uh controlling the load here and also the crane operator it's important that all the participants in the operation are in good communication with each [Applause] other so how much can we pull how much force can one person pull now the ergonomics Center recogn uh reckons that a man can be expected to be able to pull horizontally a sustained force between 75 and 90 LBS or 34 to 41 kg with a rope at elbow height and a loud free position note that the surface on which the person is standing can affect this now you can imagine that even with two or more taglines on the load you won't be able to do a lot directly oppos wind forces on larger loads even in modest winds but you may well be able to prevent the road from rotating on the hook so how much can we pull we thought we'd test it out so I went back here and in the warehouse and weighed myself and came out just over 200 lb and then took a scale tied one end of it to a immovable object and then I got on the other end with it and you can see my stance here with a maximum sustained force a Max of force I got about 90 pounds a sustained force of about 75 pounds our practical test confirmed this that a 200 man can pull about 90 lbs Max when allowed to freeze stance and when standing on a rough surface this reduces to about 75 pounds of sustained well I moved inside on smooth Concrete where the friction is less and I could pull less so it's reasonable to project that a lighter man would pull less than this as a rule of thumb a man might be able to pull a maximum of about 45% of his weight and a sustained pull of about 35% of his weight now this is at a horizontal pull this is a big subjective but it gives some measure to work from now if your boots cannot get a good grip on the ground this can be a lot less yeah I think all this highlights the fact that that what you can pull is a whole lot less than some of these forces we've already been looking at uh initially which which uh talks to the point that you can't fight the wind forces you can merely be expected to control the load so factors affecting the effectiveness of the pull so you know given that you have a limited ability to pull you want to make your rotation as effective as possible and to achieve that the aim is to make the moment arm as great as possible to give your pull the maximum turning effect about the crane hook and to explain that The Madam is the horizontal distance perpendicular from the point of rotation I.E the crane hook to your line of pull in other words you want to be square on to the uh to the axis you're turning around if you imagine in plan view a line from the crane hook to the point of attachment of the tagline your pull is most effective if it makes a 90° angle to that line obviously you cannot realistically achieve that all the time but that's what to aim for so what am I talking about well if you look down here on the uh the bottom picture this is pretty effective you've got the line of rotation is going to be at the center of the bearing here so it's going to rotate around this axis okay this guy here is on a tagline he's got his line horizontal and he's making about a 90° angle to to to the line from here to the point of attachment so if you imagine that line there he's making about 90° to it and this other guy on the other end is doing about the same between the pair of them they can prevent rotation in either direction uh you look up here for instance and they've got themselves stood off to the end here if you project that line through it has a very small distance to the axis of rotation and it's not going to be very effective at preventing or creating rotation they need to move around over here somewhere to be more effective we often see people that are stood like this and it really doesn't give you a whole lot of load control try and get yourself Square on if possible your limited pull is going to be most effective in that way secondly your pull is most effective when the tag line is near horizontal and when working out to a near ground level that's pretty easy to achieve however much of lifting involves raising the load to height so the greater the angle the tagline makes to the horizontal the less effective the pull is in its ability to rotate the load in a horizontal plane and by the time the tag lines are 45° the pull is only 71% effective we we got a graphic in a second which will explain this you should also note that as the angle to the horizontal increases you're actually pulling down on the load at 45° 71% of your pulling Force IE the tension in the tagline is acting down on the load if you go as far as nearing vertical with the tagline the pull is all vertical and contributes nothing to rotating or preventing rotation of the load so you may start in control of the load but progressively less able to control it as the lift progresses so you see here they probably started off in this case pretty effective when they were down at the ground but by the time it's up here somewhere that tag line is nearly vertical and it's contributing next to nothing in that direction the pull is all down over on the beam and none of it's out over and we often see this I mean how many how many times do we see this kind of thing the guys start off on the ground and the lift goes up and they get less and less effective the wind picks up next thing you know the load's taking over from the guys you need to try and get yourself to this kind of situation whereby even when the load is at height you still have a fairly respectable pull in this direction and in this case we're 45 so that's 71% however even in this case when you pull on here that's going to go down there and this guy is going to be pulling it's going to go down there with two guys that's actually going to pretty much balance itself out but that that can be something to watch out for in some cases rotational effects acting on the load if the wind pressure is uniform on the load then the wind force can be considered to act through the center of area of the load as presented to the wind the ACT of rotation of a singly suspended load is centered on the Crane's hook block bearing and that will naturally lie over the cug if the center area lies on the same line then the wind Force has nominally no rotational effect And the tagline forces are nominal Al low to center of area lies to one side of the CG will have wind forces acting to one side of the axis of rotation to hold that load static Against the Wind can require considerable Force do not underestimate this so what am I talking about well in this case here we've got some pretty substantial plates on the end of the beam and that's dragging the C ofg towards that end so in a singly suspended sense that's going to lie directly underneath the crane hook so that's where it's going to that's where it's going to want to rotate in the center of area however is right there so the wind force is acting there and is causing a rotation because of the distance from here to the C ofg that moment arm there is causing this wind Force to want to rotate that around the hook so what's going to resist it well if it's trying to go that way you've got to pull that away or that way okay this guy in this case is positioned where he's most effective because he's the furthest distance away from the cug if he was to stand up at this end he's not as far away from the cug and his pull is going to be less effective of course in practice you're going to probably need them in both places so let's do a little analysis we've got the same graphic up here at the top let's consider a plate G which is 10 ft deep and 60 foot long that's this good here it's got these thick plates up at one end the CG is 2 ft from one end other words it's there and it's 40 ft from the other end so it's 10 ft off center the center of air is at midlength which is there lateral forces are thus acting 10 ft offset from the center line of suspension with that little distance there from the middle of area the CG is 10 ft so let's consider lifting in a 34 mph wind assuming that's what's actually happening right there at the lift the wind pressure in pounds of square fo is is given by that formula there the uh this one here or the easier formula which is v^2 over 400 which is the same thing at 34 mil hour the pressure comes out at 2.9 psf so let's call it 3 psf for the sake of simplicity so with a projected area of 600 square ft which is the 60 by the 10 and assuming a shape factor of one the force is going to be 18 100b and that acts right there okay the moment which is the rotational effect is that 18800 times the 10t offset which is 18,000 foot pound if a single tagline is used at the 20 ft tend in other words up here somewhere the moment arm is only 20 feet so that guy on that tagline has to provide £18,000 divided by 20 which is £900 so to stop that thing rotating he's got to provide 900 of pulling Force now we just saw that Monty was able to pull if he was lucky about 90 so you can see that that's way too much for one person to control if you put the tag line up the other end here he's 40 ft away from the axis of rotation so he would have to pull 450b which is still way too much if you reduce the wind speed to say 20 M hour the rotation becomes about 6,200 footb if you use tag lines one at either end both resisting rotation in the same direction IE one there and one here then the required Force each Haster provides about 103 pound which you might just about achieve and given that the shape factor is likely greater than one and you probably don't have a perfect 90 Dee purchase on the load And the tagline probably is inclined a bit vertically it would be advisable to have two persons on each line in other words double up on the guys on the line here note also that you may not be guaranteed the load will always want to turn the same direction particularly if you have to swing the crane so it may be necessary to provide four taglines one in this direction One opposing it one in this direction One opposing it with two guys on each tagline now I don't know how many people out there would ever have thought that eight folks might be required on this this on this operation here so the the takeaway is the forces can be a lot more than you ever expected and you might need more lines and more people than you ever expected you might also need to reduce the wind speed for the operation and remember also that wind speeds increase with height we're showing here that you're down a ground level if this was to get to height you've got that working against you and also the horizontal angle the tag line makes to the load working against you so do not underestimate it and this instance we got a metric example here for those of you who work in metric system I'm not going to go through it but uh it's there in the uh in the accompanying PDF so what the considerations guiding a load in a Dead Calm only requires you to overcome the resistance of the bearing and you've got a lot of mechanical advantage working for you in other words the bearing is small but you're attached a long way away from the axis of rotation so you you have a lot of mechanical advantage and the forces should be pretty small secondly once the heavy load is moving it's got inertia and it can take a lot of stopping it's much better to stop it from moving in the first place so if it does get to moving like that ease the load where you want it using the tag lines don't get it moving too fast and ease back on the pulling before you get where you want to be and allow the load to decelerate to a stop where you want it how often do you see someone rotating a load and they're pulling like hell on it the load comes where they want and the inertia carries it straight past and then the guy on the tagline has to dash across to the other side of the load to try and pull it back because he's gone too far don't do that realize that the load is going to continue moving once you stop it once you stop pulling and it's gradually going to come to a halt thirdly wind speed increases with height it should be assessed at the crane boom tip further you might be sheltered at ground level but Expos Ed as the lift progresses above the surroundings and don't ignore either that wind funneling can occur around structures for instance cooling towers this can cause localized zones of high wind velocities so when you should decide to lift and when not to lift as you can see from all the preceding considerations there's a number of factors that come into play when you're lifting that affect the ability to control the load and as we said right up front you have to be able to control it these factors include the prevailing and predicted wind speed at the height of the lift when conducting the lift other words go out there and uh see what the wind's doing and also what it's predicted to be doing we've seen that the size of the load the shape of the load and the weight of the load is also important you got to consider gusting uh You' got as I said load shape of load weight of load how close the capacity is the crane you know that uh the crane has has its rated capacity and it also has a limited lateral capacity how close are you working to the capacity of the crane what about clearances between the load on the crane and structures if you're working to very tight clearances between the load and the crane boom or between the load and structures you're going to want to be pretty conservative in uh in in controlling this thing you might want to low wind speed for instance is this a single crane lift or a tandem lift you need to have the ability to locate your tag lines and the handlers to maintain adequate purchase on the load during lifting I you have to maintain effectiveness of your taglines if you can't do all those things you shouldn't be lifting bear in mind as well that even though the manufacturer may put a limiting wind speed which might typically be say 35 mil hour in the crane manual or on the chart doesn't necessarily mean that it would be safe to lift a particular load at that wind speed and note as well that some capacity charts are based on a particular limiting wind speed which could be for instance 9.81 m a second and an area of the load which doesn't exceed say 1.1 square meters per ton of capacity those charts typically provide formula by which a lowering limiting wind speed can be calculated when the load has a greater area other charts might simply say operator judgment to be exercised if a load cannot be safely controlled it should not be lifted and the judgment is going to fall on the crane operator ultimately and it's necessarily somewhat subjective it must be respected many times we see that the management on the job wants to get the lift done regardless and I'm going to put a lot of pressure on people to get the load done and they come out with with things like it says in the manual 35 miles hour or it's not blowing too hard down here and that they'll put pressure on people to make a lift at the end of the day if it can't be done in the opinion of the crane operator ultimately um in a safe manner then it shouldn't be done so respect the Judgment of the people that are doing the work okay Monty so from all of this we need to make sure that we do plan our tagline use so how many tag lines are required all we can achieve with a single tagline is to resist movement of a load away from us in other words we're having to pull it to us it's not acceptable to Dart and Dash from across the line of the load from one side of the load to the other with a tagline to correct an overcorrection remember you can't push with a tagline if you do have to push you may have to put push Poes on something generally two tag lines are required to adequately control load against rotation to control swinging both will have to apply a load to it okay of course anybody handling the load should keep in touch with the load at all times and uh in order to apply or resist the load when needed without having to take a whole lot of slack out so uh keep it keep in touch with the load at all times so remember that if attempting to control a long load at height with a tagline at a steep angle to the horizontal the force that you apply to the tagline has a horizontal component and that's what you want and it has a vertical component which you don't want that's trying to Dag drag down the end of the load to which it's attached using two tag lines may help balance this now there are instances as noted before particularly on Long loads where Four tag lines may be required allowing control of tag of swinging in both directions and allowing two persons to control rotation in either direction good communication is required in such cases also note that when erecting steel generally only one tagline is used to to receive the steel and then orientate it as needed tag line is usually put on the numbered end of the piece so that the connectors know which end goes where now during steel erection the practice of Christmas team steel presents other hazards a good practice is to bring the bottom piece of Steel in it waist to shoulder height of the personnel and then move into place this present prevents the load from having to be lowered over the top of the Personnel now in such cases where this is not feasible allowing Personnel to move out of the way and then lower the steel to the required height and then the Personnel move in and place the steel in place is another option this practice does require well-trained Personnel who are experienced in steel erection especially the crane operators the iron workers in the supervision okay where to attach tagline should be attached to the load towards its lateral extremes that was as far away from the axis of rotation as possible to get the best purchase against rotation they should be attached to a log nozzle structural member or other substantial and solid member capable of taking a significant Force without being deformed or damaged or moving tagline should not be attached to the ring supporting the load unless that's the only option and is assessed to be safe to do so we're going to talk a little bit about that in a moment they should not be attached to door handles valves or items of equipment and they shouldn't be attached where they could slip off as the operation proceeds how long should they be we often see people going to make a lift and then they realize as it's going up there that the tag lines aren't long enough and they let go of them how long do they need to be first of all decide what control is required is it required only during uplift and receip is it required through the entire operation will control have to be handed off to someone at height maybe will I have to let go of the tag lines at some point and if so will they be a hazard the taglines need to be long enough to keep your body parts out of Harm's Way long enough to reach the load from where it'll be to where the Handler has to stand with some Reserve considering the load height long enough that the Handler can be positioned so the angle of the tag line to the horizontal doesn't get too steep the control becomes impossible as the lift proceeds and not so long as to create a snagging hazard and there should always be a clear line from the Handler to the point of attachment so that the tagline does not have to pass over or under or around parts of the load as the operation proceeds okay where to stand you want to get that one Monty certainly uh as noted earlier taglines are most effective if their line of action forms a 90 degree angle in plan view to an imaginary line from the center of gravity to the attachment point tagline handlers should aim to position themselves as close to that as possible consistent with being inside of each other and the crane operator if possible as a load is turned or rotated this angle will depart from 90° and the pull becomes less effective it may be necessary for handlers to relocate to regain better purchase on the load now moving with a load as much of lifting involves relocating a load either by hoisting swinging booming out crawling or some combination of these tagline use needs to reflect this the person's handling the tag lines will either need to move with the load and or be able to pay out the tagline note extent of Correctional rotation required between start and finish and plan for it plan for guiding the load between obstructions plan a clear foot path for the handlers if duplicate taglines are required plan to hand over control yeah the the load must not be allowed to take over and drag the handlers along the path of its choosing lowering down shafts here we see a load that's being lifted down a shaft this is an excavator it's being lowered down this tunnel and you can see the tagline is on but it's not yet uh no one has yet got hold of it the idea being that when it gets down there they'll stop the tagline will be retrieved and they will then use it to to guide the position of it when lowering down shafts it may only be possible to effectively control rotation at the shaft opening before lowering and on receipt at the bottom rotational control may not be possible down the entire shaft and the risks of may or may not be posed should be considered tag lines may need to be released at the top and retrieved at the shaft bottom as in this case the potential for snagging of the tag lines needs to be addressed points to consider in preparing a tagline plan for lowering down a shaft include how many tag lines are required what rotational swing control or adjustment of attitude is required from uplift to the shaft opening okay how many tag lines are needed how long do they need to be where can the Handler stand noting that of course they can't stand in the shaft opening they're going to need to be some distance away how critical is rotational control as the load enters and is lowered down the shaft can that be controlled at what point should the tag lines be released if that's necessary will they cause a snagging hazard are tag lines required for a seat at the shaft bottom how many how long and how can they be safely retrieved and there needs to be some Handover and signaling protocols lifting to height remember that loads lifted through significant height May suddenly be subject to wind when clear of the surroundings bear in mind this graphic is just a graphic and all the handrails and all the rest of it are not sure but you can see here that when you'd get from the ground up to height um in this case where's my pointer on here it is when this gets up to the top here that may well suddenly pick up the wind also remember that as the lift progresses the increasing vertical angle May render the control ineffective other words these guys can't move any further back they're limited as to where they can stand and you need to make sure that even with them stood as far back as they are that some degree of control can still be exercised you may need a second set of lines when you get up to height so you would put a short set on in this case the long ones are on the rigging we'll talk about that in a minute the short ones are on the load and they're on the side nearest to where the tagline handlers are so we've lifted up to height we've controlled it to there now they're going to retrieve the uh tag lines and we'll talk about retrieving tag lines in a second and control can then be handed over to these guys uh once you've released the rigging the tag lines can be used in this case to guide the uh the spreader bar as it's lowered back down to the ground again the potential for tag lines to snag on the surroundings when lifting or lowering and manipulating the load has to be addressed if there's stuff sticking off the side of these buildings or structures you need to consider whether these little taglines here might get snagged up on them as you're lifting receiving a load the safe way to retrieve a tagline would be to keep your hands away from it and you may consider using something like these boat hooks here which is just a shaft with a hook on the end of it these were actually homemade devices on one of our foreign projects uh there's also a a deal like this which is an Australian invention uh they put this extension on in this case to a man basket and it it allows you to provide an attachment point that's remote from the load the idea being that you can keep yourself from being under the shadow of the load and uh remember as well where possible Stand Down wind when retrieving a tagline so the lines coming towards you rather than away from you okay knots mon okay when to use which knot Bowlings are used when there is a fixed Point such as a bolt hole or a lug on say a piece of equipment to tie to clove hitch single pieces or bundles of round stock such as pipe rebar or any round material we use a choked loop on single pieces of square stock such as beams and columns or angle iron now we use a I tend to use a figure eight on a bite when loads on taglines are going to be a lot higher such as long tag lines that are used in conjunction with anchor points say a dead man or heavy equipment or uh or a capston hoist now we talked a little bit about where to attach them earlier as close to the end of the load is feasible for ease of control as explained earlier also for ease of ret reval when accepting a load now we also attacke them to the rigging assembly when we're setting loads with complex rigging Arrangements at Heights so that we can control the rig and assembly back to the ground shorter tag lines may be used may be needed for the Personnel at Heights to Take Over Control of the load once it's near the setting point this would also be advantageous when setting loads over power lines now you're going to need to plan this carefully remember insulated lengths and distance away from power lines that you have to stay now at the corners of loads with large sail areas and pieces of equipment that may require more than two tag lines how to attach taglines to the to the load the use of a bowling or a mechanical hook to a fixed Point make sure that your attachment points are structural and sufficiently substantial for the forces that are you're going to put on it secure so that the tagline will not slip off or come off in use or the attachment point move relative to the load make sure that you're not likely to damage you know you don't want to be tying to to door handles because if you have to put a considerable load on it you can damage that and you don't want to be damaging your tagline itself so make sure you stay out of the sharp corners now here I've got a clove hitch used on a bundle of small bundle of pieces of pipe with and without a stopper now the stopper all that is is a half inch just to keep that knot from coming undone and then on the pictures below I you can see I've used a choked Loop either with a tide bowling or a braided eye or a mechanical hook so that when you do pull down on that it the more Force you put on it the tighter it just gets there and number four I'm connected to the rigging assembly here and this is a uh container lifting frame and uh so that we can control it to put it over the next next load that we pick up but also we've got a tagline tied to the container itself so that we can control it also if we have to when it gets close to the ground now the use of the Figure 8 knot for heavy loads and also you may want to think about using a thimble eye here when you're when you're having to put uh extreme Heights put loads at extreme Heights such as wind turbine generators and propellers use it with a dead man or a capon horse now the figure8 knot only reduces the capacity of a rope by about 50% 15% excuse me the key to tagline considerations number one is the type of load whether it's a small short load beam straight run pipe light long light load like bundles of rebar or small board pipe large light loads sheet steel form panels or wall panels large heavy loads such as compressor lubeoil skids or generators loads at Heights steel erection setting equipment in or on structures or wind turbine work need to take in consideration the wind conditions the shape of the load the travel path is it clear or congested the orientation to the boom will it need to be turned during the lift hand off to other Personnel at height or down in an excavation power lines going over them or working close to them the number of personnel needed their tag lines their lines of sight to the operator into to each other remember no knots in the body of a tagline or at the tail end of tag lines mechanical assistance we may need this like capston horses so always use a rope intended and recommended for tagline use wear your gloves when handling tag lines never wrap a tagline around an arm or a leg and attempt to stop a load swing keep the spare end of the tag lines tidy so not to be a tripping or snagging Hazard and to allow un impeded paying out as required never step into the loop of a tag line never Place yourself between an immovable object and a load that is not firmly on the ground do not position yourself where you can be trapped as the operation proceeds and if you must you should release the tagline to avoid becoming trapped or pinch be very aware of power lines and the proximity of the lifting operation even synthetic slings can conduct electrical charge you damp the uh on the next goad there's a there's a link there at the end there which you can use for uh for safety posters and the like okay we're uh we're back to this again let's repeat the poll while I don't know that we're going to get uh anything a whole lot different than the most time see as nearly all of you decided that uh that we would do it but uh let's do it again Jonah all right yep so uh keep the picture in mind I'm going to launch the PLL right now and it is open so we're repeating that same question based on the imagees before and it looks like everybody paid attention pretty well overwhelming on the uh the not side we're getting a couple yeses coming in um all right I'm gonna okay well here I'll let you uh address the uh the issues in the picture Keith on the basis that's pretty much everyone thought it could be improved on first of all this guy is supposed to be supervising the operation he's not looking at either the guy on the tag line or the crane operator the beam has being allowed to touch the building which is uh not a great idea uh one tag line is insufficient in this case you would hope that they would have had two on here the angle is too vertical he's got hardly any control over that load because the line is as vertical as it is uh the line is basically too short and there's probably other things going on there as well but uh those are some of the points we wanted you to to recognize as as being less than perfect and uh things that should have been sorted out before they before they went ahead and made that lift so they didn't get to where it was hitting the structure well that pretty much concludes the uh the the presentation there I'll hand back over to Jonah and we'll we'll fend off uh whatever you've raised yeah absolutely thank you uh thank you Keith we do have a couple questions coming in um get my slide up there so um looks like like here's one from uh deian she asks how do you hold the tagline when the load is moving what is best recommended um what's the best recommended speed the tagline is going through the glove I don't know if that last part I read it correctly but so how do you hold the tagline when the load is moving we'll start with that uh start off with gloves on your hand and when you're paying this out you don't want to let it slide through your hands you want to do this hand overhand um it's kind of the same principle that you do turning your car you know you don't you don't just let the uh steering wheel spin through your hands it's hand overhand uh slow as possible don't don't get in any Rush uh this is one of the things that uh I see happening a lot is people kind of get uh in a hurry when when doing lifting operations slow and steady wins the race uh nice and easy don't get in any hurry don't get in any rush if things do get that way just stop start over that's great thanks Monty um we have another question about asking about the the link that you put up Keith in one of the uh ladder slides there what I'll do everybody is um I'll email that out to you it looked to be pretty long I don't think I'll be uh writing it and nobody will probably be able to be to read it so I'll get that from keep and I'll email that out to everybody also place it on the archive page um on the recording um don't have any other questions right now I want to just briefly I'll put my email address pretty easy on the screen if questions do arise please send them to me and I'll make sure they're addressed um I can get them to Keith and Monty um it's just my first name and forgive my second grade writing with my mouse but Jonah i.com and then very briefly I want to uh let that St on the screen for a second um I want to show everybody the uh the way to access the form if you go through i.com the website so um we can discard [Music] those so if you pull up i.com you see this feedback and support tab right on the right hand side um click on that a new window will open and then taglines and load control is the first um well subject there so you click on that um there we go and then you're going to want to open it in a new window and this is a I'll send out as well this direct link I posted it in the chat section of uh the webinar but I'll again I'll send that out you can download the presentation file there and here you're uh welcome to add comments again um looking for constructive peer review um maybe something you didn't realize before that um the webinar brought to your attention or a practice that maybe um you you guys weren't the best practice wasn't being followed so um it's pretty wide open um you can post anonymously if you would like you can add your email address it's completely up to you but it looks like it's just pasted uh I'm on the west coast so 11 in the morning and with that um yeah I think we're we're good to go uh Keith and monteal if you guys want to sign off or have anything else to say I'll leave it in your course yeah I think all I'd like to say is you know we welcome uh we welcome constructive criticism and uh you know anything else that people feel may be useful to help them will be added and uh eventually we hope to make this thing available to anyone who wants to make use of it it's not it's not that we want to keep this in house or anything we want to just put it out there as something which people might make use of you know uh so thank you all and uh with that I'll I'll get offline uh as Mr Keith said please send the comments back uh I'm interested to uh see how this comes across uh I have a few ideas for some other uh webinars and Publications that I'd like to see out there that uh that everyone can share uh Jonah thank you Mr Keith appreciate all the help uh be careful out there and have some fun thank you very much yeah thanks guys both of you thanks for donating your time um I mean great attendance on this one I hope uh it was applicable to everybody and I hope you learned something new so with that uh I think we're going to sign off and until next time thanks for uh for attending the Showcase webinar series