Overview
This lecture discusses the importance of ecosystem diversity in understanding global biodiversity, the complexity of defining and managing ecosystems, and the need for conservation strategies that protect unique ecosystems and their interconnections.
Defining Ecosystems
- Ecosystem science is a young but critical field for understanding total biodiversity.
- Ecosystems are often described by habitat and climate (e.g., tropical rainforest, arid grassland).
- There is significant diversity of habitats and processes within a single ecosystem type.
- Similar-looking ecosystems in different regions can have unique species assemblages.
Ecosystem and Species Diversity
- High ecosystem diversity leads to high species diversity, as species specialize in particular places.
- Ecosystem types (like coral reefs) may exist worldwide but have different species compositions in each region.
- Ecosystem functions (roles performed by organisms) can be similar across locations even if species differ.
Implications for Conservation
- Protecting the most biodiverse example of an ecosystem type (e.g., Philippine coral reefs) helps preserve many species.
- Focusing on just one example of an ecosystem may not ensure global ecosystem stability.
- Effective conservation requires maximizing protection of many ecosystems and their unique biodiversity.
Ecosystem Interconnectedness
- Ecosystems are not isolated; there are complex interactions among different ecosystem types.
- Labeling ecosystems as separate entities oversimplifies their interdependence.
- Protecting only distinct ecosystems ignores critical interactions both within and between ecosystems.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Ecosystem — A community of living organisms and their physical environment, interacting as a system.
- Ecosystem diversity — The variety of different ecosystems within a region or the world.
- Ecosystem function — The roles and processes carried out by organisms within an ecosystem.
- Biodiversity — The total variety of life, including species, genetic, and ecosystem diversity.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Consider how conservation plans can protect multiple ecosystem types and their interactions.
- Reflect on the importance of ecosystem diversity and interconnectedness when developing management strategies.