Overview
This lecture covers the rise and fall of the Qin (Chin) Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, highlighting their key policies, philosophies, and contributions to Chinese history.
Qin (Chin) Dynasty
- The Qin Dynasty had a short dynastic cycle but left a lasting impact on China.
- Their official ideology was legalism, which viewed all citizens as inherently evil and used strict laws and harsh punishments.
- The Qin suppressed Confucian scholars through book burnings and executions.
- Large-scale construction projects, like the Great Wall and the Emperor’s tomb (with the Terracotta Army), relied on forced labor.
- The harshness and unpopularity of Qin policies led to the dynasty’s overthrow.
Han Dynasty
- The Han Dynasty replaced the Qin, reversing unpopular policies while keeping successful ones.
- The Han abolished legalism and returned to Confucianism, focusing on politics, relationships, and moral education.
- The family, through the concept of filial piety (respect for parents and elders), became the center of society instead of the emperor.
- The Han retained the Qin’s bureaucracy and system of meritocracy (choosing officials based on ability).
- Civil service examinations were used to select qualified government officials.
Han Dynasty Achievements
- Major Chinese inventions during the Han include printing, paper, the compass, and an early seismograph.
- The Silk Road trade network began under the Han, connecting China to Asia, India, the Middle East, and Europe.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Dynastic Cycle — The pattern of rise, rule, and fall of Chinese dynasties.
- Legalism — Qin policy of strict laws and harsh punishments due to belief in evil human nature.
- Confucianism — Han philosophy focusing on ethics, family, and social harmony.
- Filial Piety — Respect and duty to family; putting family interests first.
- Bureaucracy — System of managing government through departments and officials.
- Meritocracy — Government system where jobs are awarded based on ability and merit.
- Civil Service Examination — Written test to determine qualification for government roles.
- Silk Road — Trade route connecting China with the West for exchange of goods.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the differences between Qin and Han policies.
- Study Chinese inventions and the importance of the Silk Road.
- Prepare for questions on the dynastic cycle and Confucian principles.