Lecture on Heart Anatomy and Blood Circulation

Heart Chambers

• Four Chambers
  • Atria (Upper chambers)
    • Right atrium
    • Left atrium
  • Ventricles (Lower chambers)
    • Right ventricle
    • Left ventricle

Heart Valves

• Function: Act as one-way doors to ensure blood flows in the right direction
• Right Side Valves
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Pulmonary valve
• Left Side Valves
  • Mitral valve
  • Aortic valve

Blood Vessels

• Veins: Carry blood to the heart
  • Superior vena cava: Brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body (head, neck, arms, chest)
  • Inferior vena cava: Brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body (abdomen, legs, feet)
  • Pulmonary vein: Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
• Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart
  • Aorta: Main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
  • Pulmonary artery: Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Blood Circulation Process

1. Deoxygenated Blood Flow

   • Flows into the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava
   • Right atrium contracts, blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
   • Right ventricle contracts, blood flows through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery
   • Blood is carried to the lungs for oxygenation

2. Oxygenated Blood Flow

   • Enters the heart through the left atrium via the pulmonary veins
   • Left atrium contracts, blood flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle
   • Left ventricle contracts, blood flows through the aortic valve into the aorta
   • Oxygenated blood is distributed throughout the body via arteries

Key Concept

• In one heartbeat, blood enters and exits the heart from both sides, ensuring continuous circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.