[Music] hello world good day learners welcome to introduction to world religions and belief systems class i am sir greg your humanities and social sciences teacher and let me guide you in this learning journey before we proceed i hope you are your most comfortable learning spot have a copy of your self-learning module activity sheet notebook and pen for noting important details i know you're already excited so let us begin with the most number of adherents among all religions there is no doubt that christianity is considered the most popular religion in the world it is a religion that is very close to the heart of every filipino the philippines have become predominantly catholic since the spaniards colonized the country from the 16th to the 19th centuries this lesson will discuss about the brief history core teachings fundamental beliefs practices and related issues of christianity christianity originated in palestine around 100 ce and developed out of judaism during the reign of roman empire in west asia this religion centers on the life teachings and death and resurrection of jesus christ who is considered to be as the messiah or savior of humanity the most common symbol for christianity is the cross because its adherents believe that jesus died on the cross to save humanity from their sins and to restore people's relationship with god the father the christians also adhere in holy trinity which means god is three aspects father son and holy spirit this doctrine of the holy trinity was affirmed at the council of nicea in 25 ce where it was agreed upon that the son has the same substance with the father therefore they are both eternal the doctrine of the holy trinity was christianity's way to end the controversy generated by arianism a teaching by argus which claimed that jesus christ was not actually a god it is believed that god the father sent his only son jesus to the world in order to redeem humanity from the sins and avoid the eternal flames of hell they have accepted that jesus is the fulfillment of god's promise nonetheless it is considered as one of the first monotheistic religions in the world and shares many commonalities in terms of belief and prophets angels judgment day among others along with judaism in islam christianity is considered one of the world religions that traces its origin to the patriarch abraham today christianity is divided into three major sects roman catholicism that centers the worship in the celebration of the mass the eucharist which is the commemoration of christ's sacrificial death and resurrection the greek orthodox church the body of several churches within the larger communion of eastern orthodox christianity whose liturgy was traditionally conducted in coin greek the original language of the septuagint and the new testament and of course the protestantism that originated with the 16th century reformation a movement against what its followers perceive to be errors in the catholic church these major christian sects are further subdivided by christian denominations that differ in certain beliefs and practices but are united in worshiping jesus christ as the son of god the cross serves as a symbol of jesus christ victory over sins when he died on the cross for humanity's redemption and salvation christ died on the cross and the cross serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by god in order for humanity to live in roman catholic churches the crucifix is a regular feature with the image of christ nailed on the cross this aims to emphasize christ's sufferings for humanity meanwhile protestant churches often feature only the cross with the image of the body of christ to emphasize christ's resurrection and not his sufferings meanwhile the fish symbol is as old as christianity itself for it was used by persecuted christians as a secret sign when meeting other christians because christians were threatened by the romans during the time they had to make secret code to avoid persecution the pope serves as the head of the catholic church the inheritor of peter he assisted quarters in the vatican an independent state in rome he is responsible for the general supervision of the church he is the head of the catholic church and the head of vatican he has also the authority to appoint administrative and religious officials in vatican next to the pope are the cardinals who are also appointed by the pope the cardinals represent the pope and the roman catholic church in different parts of the world they serve as advisers to the pope and elect a new pope as the need arises thus they have the power to choose the successor of the outgoing pope the body comprising the cardinals is called the college of cardinals the bishops also form part of the hierarchy bishops are the teachers of the doctrine priest of sacred worship and ministers of church government they provide pastoral supervision for diocese and serves as representatives of the church the pope himself is a bishop a bishop ordained to his station just like priests christians believe in one god therefore christianity is a monotheistic religion god is seen as the creator and maintainer of the universe and is believed to be omnipotent or all-powerful omniscient or all-knowing omnipresent all-present and omni-benevolent all good god is also sacred moral unchangeable compassionate graceful and timeliness christians consider the bible as their sacred scripture this is a collection of songs stories poetry letters history and as well as literature it is composed of two books the old testament and the new testament the original hebrew bible is the old testament written between 1200 and 165 bce while the new testament was written by christians around 100 ce the old testament is composed of 39 books which are arranged in three parts the first five books from genesis to deuteronomy are considered a law or torah which may refer to guidance or instruction because they serve as guidelines on all people should live their everyday lives and other legal necessities later this books were called the pentachucks which were attributed to moses the second part of the old testament is called the prophets which is divided into two parts the former prophets and the latter prophets the book of former prophets is considered historical while the book of latter prophets contains sayings and stories of prophets the third part is called writings which include sams composed of songs prayers and worship liturgies proverbs composed of wise sayings job a drama that explores the nature of suffering and the five scrolls or the megaloth which were grouped together for their associations with a particular religious festival the new testament on the other hand is composed of 27 books written around 50 to 100 ce and composed of two sections the gospel which tells the story of jesus from mark matthew luke and john and the letters are the epistles written by various christian leaders to serve as guide to the early christian communities they were written to tell the life and teachings of jesus the acts of apostles and luke tell how christianity developed from a small group of jewish believers to becoming one of the world's major religions revelation is the last book of the new testament traditionally attributed to the apostle john which is considered an epistle in an apocalypse the catholic church has seven sacraments which are considered signs of inner kindness given by god for christians to live a genuine human life the seven sacraments include baptism confirmation holy communion confession marriage holy orders and anointing of the sick the eight beatitudes comprise what is known as the sermon on the mount recorded in matthew chapters 5 to 7. the beatitudes refer to the 8 sayings of jesus at the beginning of the sermon on the mount the apostles creed is believed to have developed in the 100 or 200 ce and was influenced later by the niacin creed a letter written by the council of milan in 390 ce is the earliest historical evidence of the existence of the apostle script it is not written by the apostles themselves but it serves as a summary of their basic teachings christians have certain religious observances in which they commemorate particular events in the history of christianity some of the most important christian observances are advent ashwin's day signals the start of this season of waiting for the birth of messiah beginning four sundays before christmas and ends on christmas eve the lent seasoned observed by christians in preparation for easter a celebration of the resurrection of christ and pentecost a holiday to commemorate the coming of the holy spirit under early christians and celebrated as the birthday of the church we have discussed how the christian church was subdivided into different sects in order to address the issue of this unity among christians the concept of ecumenism was adopted by the roman catholic church ecumenism is based on the three principles which states that first christ established the church and the apostles and their successors who said became peter and his successor the bishop of rome second since the first century there have been divisions in christianity but many persons now separated from visible unity with the successors of the apostles under peter are nevertheless christians who possess more or less of the fullness of grace available in the roman catholic church and third catholics are to do everything possible to foster the ecumenical movement which comprehends all the initiatives and activities planned and undertaken to promote christian unity according to the church's various needs and opportunities offer accumunessa must emphasize and intensely propagated by the catholic church through a series of addresses homilies and regular audiences with a goal of achieving unity among all christians and non-christians the issue of sexuality has always been a controversial one for the catholic church due to its conservative view of human sexuality it has often found itself in conflict with the progressive and liberating ideas with regards to certain issues connected to sexuality such as artificial contraception abortion and homosexuality in general sexuality refers to sexual orientation and sexual activity and sexual feelings christianity advocates the goal of sexual union between men and women is procreation thus anything that might hinder this is considered immoral having sexual pleasure from such union is not necessary thus when people use artificial contraceptives such as condom birth control pills iud and the like they are committing a sin because they are engaging in sexual acts without procreation in mind hence the catholic church is against the granting of reproductive rights to people especially to women here are the key points of our lesson christianity centers on the life teachings death and resurrection of jesus christ who is considered as the messiah or savior of humanity christians believe that jesus died on the cross to redeem humanity from their sins and to restore people's relationship with god the father it is believed that god the father sent his only son jesus to earth to save humanity from their sins for them to avoid the eternal flames of hell the goal of every individual is to have eternal life of the soul after death in this lesson you have studied the brief history court teachings fundamental beliefs practices and related issues of christianity this abrahamic religion centers in the message that a loving god sent his begotten son to redeem humanity from eternal damnation before we end challenge yourself be answering the checkpoint activity read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer item number one which of the following statement is considered the core teaching of christianity a the bible is the only one sacred text of christianity be christianity is a religion that was meant to be universal c god sent his begotten son to be the redeemer of the humankind d the father is the creator of the world and jesus is the founder of christianity kindly write down your answer item number two is considered as the main figure of christianity a abraham be jesus christ see moses d muhammad kindly write down your answer let's continue with item number three it comprises what is known as the sermon on the mount recorded in matthew chapters 5 to 7 a apostle screed b lord's prayer c seven sacraments d the beatitudes can you write down your answer item number four when was christianity as a religion started a the covenant of the hebrews be the divine teaching of abraham and moses c the covenant of moses through the ten commandments d the life teachings and miracles the jesus of nazareth started can you write down your answer and finally item number five which of the following is not part of the holy trinity a god the father be god the son c holy spirit d messiah kindly write down your answer here are the answers item number one c item number two b item number three d item number four d and item number five d good job learners that concludes our lesson i hope you have learned something and remember the important details of our lesson if ever you forget you may watch this video again until you master it please be reminded to accomplish all the tasks in your self-learning module and in your activity sheet keep safe and see you in our next learning session [Music] you