Lecture Notes on Highly Sensitive People (HSPs)

Introduction

• Speaker: Elaine Friend
• Focus: Understanding highly sensitive people (HSPs) and sensory processing sensitivity.
• HSPs represent 20% of the population (approx. 1.6 billion people globally).

Definition of Sensory Processing Sensitivity

• Not a disorder or mental illness.
• It’s a trait characterized by a more reactive brain.
• Differentiates HSPs from introverts and neurotics.

Background on Elaine Aaron

• Coined the term "highly sensitive person."
• Collaborated with Elaine Friend on research and curriculum for HSPs.

The Nature of HSPs

• HSP Characteristics:
  • Depth of processing: Deep thinkers who analyze situations thoroughly.
  • Emotional reactivity: High empathy and strong emotional responses.
  • Sensitivity to subtle stimuli: Notice small changes in environment (light, sounds, etc.).

Evolutionary Perspective

• HSPs are beneficial for species survival due to their cautious nature.
• Two survival strategies:
  • "Do it right, do it once" (HSPs)
  • "Go for it" (non-HSPs)

Types of Children and HSPs

• Study by Thomas and Birch (1968):
  • 40% Easy (not HSPs)
  • 15% Slow to warm up (HSPs)
  • 10% Difficult (HSPs)
• HSP children are often referred to as "orchids" due to their need for careful nurturing.

Biological Research on HSPs

• Research across species suggests high sensitivity exists in 15-20% of various species.
• Examples:
  • Fruit flies: "Sitters" are HSP-like with more neural complexity.
  • Pumpkin seed sunfish: Bold vs. timid behavior studies.
  • Primates: Rhesus monkeys show similar sensitivity traits.

Identifying HSPs: The "DOES" Acronym

• D: Depth of Processing
• O: Overstimulation
  • Optimal level of arousal varies per individual.
• E: Emotional Reactivity
• S: Sensitivity to Subtle Stimuli

Visual Sensitivity in HSPs

• HSPs outperform in visual scanning tasks but also experience higher stress.
• Visual stimuli can lead to overstimulation.

Coping Strategies for HSPs

• Importance of self-care to alleviate overstimulation.
• Suggestions for relaxation:
  • Close eyes for a few seconds to reduce visual stress.

Cultural and Workplace Implications

• HSPs are often excellent employees due to their deep processing skills.
• They might struggle in high-stress environments.
• Employers should create supportive environments accommodating HSPs.

Addressing Trauma and Relationships

• HSPs may have a higher vulnerability to trauma and stress.
• Importance of skilled therapy and supportive relationships.

Five Steps to Thrive for HSPs

1. Believe the Trait is Real
   • Awareness of one's sensitivity is crucial.
2. Design a Compatible Life
   • Tailor life to accommodate sensitivity.
3. Heal from Past Trauma
   • Recognize and process past trauma with professional help.
4. Know Other HSPs
   • Build a community for support.
5. Engage in Self-Care
   • Prioritize wellness practices to manage sensitivity.

Conclusion

• HSPs possess unique traits that are both challenging and advantageous.
• Awareness and understanding of this trait can enhance personal and professional relationships.
• Encouragement for HSPs to embrace their sensitivity.