Organs & Systems (Plant & Animal) - Biology Revision Notes

Overview

These revision notes focus on the organs and systems of both plants and animals, relevant for the Leaving Certificate Biology examination.

Key Concepts

Plant Organs and Systems

1. Roots

   • Function: Anchoring the plant, absorbing water and nutrients.
   • Types: Taproot and fibrous root systems.

2. Stems

   • Function: Support, transport of nutrients and water between roots and leaves.
   • Structure: Nodes, internodes.

3. Leaves

   • Function: Photosynthesis, gas exchange.
   • Structure: Blade, petiole, veins.

4. Flowers

   • Function: Reproduction.
   • Parts: Sepals, petals, stamens, carpels.

5. Plant Systems

   • Vascular system: Xylem and phloem for transport.
   • Dermal system: Protection.
   • Ground system: Metabolism, storage, support.

Animal Organs and Systems

1. Circulatory System

   • Components: Heart, blood, blood vessels.
   • Function: Transport nutrients, oxygen, waste removal.

2. Digestive System

   • Components: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines.
   • Function: Breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients.

3. Respiratory System

   • Components: Lungs, trachea, bronchi.
   • Function: Gas exchange, oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.

4. Nervous System

   • Components: Brain, spinal cord, nerves.
   • Function: Control and response to stimuli, coordination.

5. Skeletal System

   • Components: Bones, joints.
   • Function: Support and protection, movement facilitation.

Study Tips

• Use diagrams to understand structures.
• Create flashcards for different organ functions.
• Practice quizzes to test understanding of systems.
• Review questions from past exams for application of knowledge.

Additional Resources

• Explore Quizzes and Flashcards
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