hello and welcome to nilanjana's exclusive English lessons this video is based on the new syllabus of icsc 2025. so in this video I'm going to give you the explanation of act 1 scene 1 of Julius Caesar this is going to be extremely helpful for students those who are promoted to grade ninth in 2023 and 24 and those who will be giving the icse exam in 2025. so for you all for my grade 9 students those who are exposed to a completely new text this time this video is going to be very helpful for you because I am going to explain to you everything line by line and trust me you don't need to go for any guidebook you don't need to Google and get the explanation everything will be given to you only if I get a little bit of support from your end that's only motivation so let's dive in I don't want to waste further any kind of time let's dive in and start with the explanation in the first scene we have characters flavius murulas and certain commoners so these people they are the uh the commoners specially they are the poor people of Rome and they have gathered here because they want to welcome Caesar all right so now what is the reason they want to welcome Caesar is because uh there's a the Caesar's victory in the world they are basically trying to celebrate uh the victory of Caesar and he has uh won a few military conquests and now it's a time for him to return so that's the reason these people have all gathered over here and they are waiting for him to return in the meantime flavius and modulus who are the tribunes of the Roman army and attributes of the Roman army means you can call them as officers of the Roman army they are like more like the protector of the people now these two uh you know they don't like Caesar's growing popularity now the tribunes namely flavius and Mary Jewelers they come and rebuke these commoners in telling them that you are wasting your time by waiting over here it's time for you to go and get get back to your work so the first line what flavius tells is hence Idol creatures get you home Idol creatures means your people are really lazy so therefore get your home don't wait here uh just leave this place immediately you all are idle creatures because you are not doing your work and just sitting idle is this a holiday what no you not being mechanical you ought not walk upon a laboring day without the sign of your profession so what he's trying to say is that you cannot just wait over here because this is not a holiday being mechanical all of you are working class people so being mechanical you should not waste your time upon a laboring day today is a working day and how come you all are wasting your time without the sign of your profession like you all are professionals and that's just after some time we will understand that what kind of profession they belong to so he said that there is no sign of your profession you are not carrying anything like for example a carpenter will you know carry his ruler similarly a cobbler will have all his instruments with him so but you all have nothing then he asks speak what trade at the what trade at the means what profession do you belong to now here among the commoners we have a carpenter and he tells why sir a carpenter so my ruler stands where is thy leather apron and I rule what dust thou with thy best apple alone you sir what trade are you so marulas in a very angry manner he's holding these people and he's telling that okay if you are the carpenter where is your leather wrap run of course when you are in the work mode you need to have your tools your instruments your you know your dress with you you can't be in your holiday attire and where is your rule the rule the word rule refers to the ruler which Carpenter uses to measure his things and he said that if you are a carpenter how come you are here with your best apparel on the best after all what does this mean it means that why are you in your best holiday attire like there is a difference when people you know are there in a work mode and there's a difference when the people are relaxing you can understand from the way they have dressed up and that is what he tells them cobbler truly sir in respect of a fine Workman I am but as you would say a cobbler now if you see the carpenter answers in a very straightforward manner why surakap immediately he answers but the cobbler he has a different style of answering you know he has a little round about way of answering the question and he also speaks in puns which we will understand a little later so he said okay if you talk about a fine Workman then I am nothing but a cobbler answer me directly so marulus gets all the more angry and agitated and he tells okay so what trade are you give me the exact profession what kind of profession do you belong to and give me a direct answer so the cobbler tense a trait sir that I hope I may use with the safe conscience which is indeed a mender of bad Soul so here he is answering in funds now what is the meaning of the word pun you must have done in your lower grade spun is a figure of speech which means there's a double meaning so he tells I am a member of bad Souls bad Souls over here also refers to I am a mentor of worn out souls okay so what are worn out Souls Souls which are not good okay uh there are people those who are not having a clear conscience so I am a mender of those Souls so the word soul and the word s-o-u-l-e-s so a cobbler you know he works with Souls The Souls of shoes right but he tries to put upon and say that I also meant Souls so the soul in the other way round so flavius again gets angry and he tells that what trade give me your profession what is the profession that you belong to thou naughty Nave what trait cobbler knee I beseech you sir be not out with me yet if you be out sir I can mend you so again the cobbler answers in puns and he says that no sir I beseech you I request you do not be angry with me be not out with me do not be angry with me yet if you be out I can mend you so he tells that okay I can also mend you so if you are angry or if you need any help I can also mend you so this literally gets medulous all the more Angry so he said what mean is now by that what do you exactly mean by that mend me the Saucy fellow so you are such a rude and uh you know cheeky fellow you are going to mend me so cobbler immediately tries to cover up and say why sir Cobble you so just trying to say that you know what I was just trying to say that I would Cobble you mean so I would in case if you need any help I can mend your shoes but we understand that he was actually speaking in double meaning flavius now what a cobbler art thou so are you a cobbler isn't it now thou you know the meaning of Dao means in Shakespearean English it is you so we are all dealing with uh the Shakespeare in English or we can also call it our cake English and many uh throughout the text you will find many such instances cobbler truly sir all that I live by is with the owl I meddle with no Tradesmen matters nor women's matters but with all I am indeed sir a surgeon to old shoes when they are in great danger I recover them as proper men as ever thought upon needs leather have gone upon my handiwork so what he says over here is that I just work with my tool my instrument which is the all and I don't meddle with no tradesman's matters means I don't interfere in anything else I'm doing my work and I that's what I uh engage myself to neither I interfere with any women's matters means I am a very um you know strict person as as far as my profession goes I only concentrate on my work nothing else I am a surgeon to old shoes so I'm a surgeon Like a Surgeon what he does he um you know he tries to recover patients from any kind of ailment similarly my work is I'm a surgeon to old show so if there are old shoes and it needs to be repaired I do the work if they are in great danger so if they are they are worn out I recover them I mend them I do them proper as proper man as ever tried upon needs leather have gone upon my handiwork so as long as good men as I have ever worn shoes now needs leather refers to shoes and they have all worked on my handiwork my means what he tries to say is if there are any good men around who have worn proper shoes they all have worn shoes which I have created for them it's upon my handiwork I have created I have mended those shows of all the good men flavius but wherefore art not in thy shop today so he's asking why aren't you in your shop today if you are talking about your profession you should be in your shop why does thou lead these men about the streets so what is the reason that you are gathering all these men now there are a group of men in the streets as I have said in the beginning so why how come you are leading all these men over here what is the reason you all have gathered over here cobbler truly sir to wear out their shoes to get myself into more work now he's a very funny fellow and he's he has also a good sense of humor so he's telling them that yeah I have gathered all this man is because if they walk around a lot of course their shoes would be worn out and if their shoes are worn out I can get more work so he's trying to crack a joke over here but indeed so we make holiday to see Caesar and to rejoice in his Triumph now as I have said in the beginning that Caesar is returning Victorious and that is the reason the commoners are waiting for to catch a glimpse of him and basically welcome him so then he gives out the true statement that yes this is the reason we are waiting here because we have taken a holiday from our work because we want to see Caesar and he also want to Rejoice we want to celebrate his victory so marvelous he gets very angry over here and he tells where therefore Rejoice what is the reason you are rejoicing what Conquest brings him home what kind of Conquest he has brought for Rome what tributaries follow him to Rome to Grace and captive bonds his chariot wheels so he's telling that what kind of capture rulers has he brought home is he bringing any captured rulers over here so if you remember in the olden days when kings used to win a war it was a custom for them more or less to bring some prisoners of War so he's telling over here is he bringing any capture rulers with him is he bringing anything any kind of Victory to Rome are they following him to Rome to Grace and captive bonds his chariot wheels so is he bringing any prisoners of war with him chained to the wheels of his chariot no so then how come you all are waiting over here you blocks you Stones you worse than senseless things so he again rebukes them and he is very angry with them so he tells that you all are blocks stones and senseless things now blocks means heartless again Stones also means people who do not have emotions and you all are also senseless senseless means you don't have any logic behind the actions that you all do you all are absolutely devoid of any kind of sense why because you all are hard Hearts you all don't have any emotion you cruel men of Rome you are very cruel why knew you're not pumping so now who was Pompey Pompey was a ruler uh whom Caesar had defeated earlier okay so Pompeii is also a Roman leader whom Caesar has defeated so here is telling that how come you all have forgotten Pompeii because many a time and off off means often many a time and often uh have you climbed up to walls and battlements to towers and windows so you all have climbed two walls and you all have gathered around the towers and windows why because we all wanted to catch a glimpse of Pompeii you all have even climbed to chimney tops during the times when Pompeii used to return from any kind of Victory you all used to do this with your infants in your arms means it was so important for you to gather and celebrate pompey's victory that you all just even took the newborn babies in your arms and you all used to you know climb the chimney tops gather around the windows uh in the towers and there have set the lifelong day the entire day y'all have waited with patient expectation you all have waited patiently why to see great pumping past the streets of Rome so you'll have done all this and when you saw his Chariot but appear so when Pompeii used to finally appear after waiting for the entire day when you all used to get the glimpse of Pompeii have you not made an Universal shout that time all of you shouted together greeted shouted over your refers to a universal Cry of appreciation of Praise together all of you did that and it was so loud that even Tiber trembled beneath underneath her arms a tribal is a river okay so the way you all shouted even type a code your voice that was the kind of uh you know love and uh respect you all used to show for pumping the way you all have shouted even Tiber trampled beneath her Banks you know the river shook from The Sound echoing within its bangs to hear the replication of your sounds made in her concave show so as I have said that it used to Echo the sound of your voice within the banks and now what are you all doing now do you now put on your best attire so now you only you all have dressed up in the best dress best attire and do you now call out a holiday so now you have declared yourself a holiday what is the reason and do you know through flowers in his way that comes in triumph over pompey's blood so you people are so ungrateful because now you all have gathered your your have dressed up in your best attire you all have uh you know Stone flowers in the way of Caesar why because you all want to welcome him and why you want to welcome him because Caesar now is returning from a war and what kind of war is he returning he has just defeated Pompeii's son the war that Caesar is returning from It is believed to be a war against Pompeii's son so basically it's a triumph over pompey's blood the pompey's blood refers to pompey's son and you all are so ungrateful that all that you have done for Pompeii now you are rejoicing because he has won uh the conquest against his son be gone just get lost from here just leave this place run to your houses fall upon your knees pray to the gods to intermit the plague that needs must light on this ingratitude so he is so angry and is basically trying to emotionally hurt them and he tells that it's time for you to get back to your houses fall upon your knees fall upon your knees means you all have to pray pray to God to atone your sins because God will be very angry with you all and just tell him that to spare the terrible punishment that all of you will get due to this ingratitude all right so this is what uh we know the commoners are rebuked with flavius Google good countrymen and for this fault assemble all the poor men of your thought so flavius tells that just go from here and assemble all the commoners like you all whichever whoever Communists you see who all are you know loitering around to welcome Caesar just gather them and leave the place draw them to cyber Banks draw them assemble them in the banks of the river Tiber and weep your tears into the channel so it's time for you all to cry and atone your sins because it's highly um you know an example of ingratitude that you all are doing right now and you all should cry so weep so profoundly that till the lowest cream to kiss the most exalted shores of all weep your tears into the channel cry so you all have to Pro cry out and pray for your sins that uh basically the water starts overflowing the Waters of the river Tiber would start overflowing dookie is the most exalted shorts of all means the lower stream would start overflowing with your tears all the commoners exit now hearing all this review finally these people exit because probably they realize that it was wrong for them to wait over here and welcome Caesar just because um just a few days back they used to welcome Pompeii in the same manner so it's highly uh wrong for them to welcome Caesar so they immediately leave the place so here what do we understand from the mindset of the commoners now I want all of you to put a comment over here and give me the answer because this is a very important question of course I will share my answer and I will share my answer later on but I want you all to know that from the behavior of the commoners what is the observation from your part that what kind of a mindset they have okay so we move on uh yeah next after this see whether their business metal be not moved now bassist metal over here refers to the uh the the unrefined course men the rough men of Rome the poor men these people are unrefined and coarse all right so see whether their basis metal be not moved they vanished tongue tied in their guiltiness tongue tied means they're absolutely quiet they couldn't even utter a word they just disappeared they vanished because they were filled with guilt so basis metal refers to their conscience these unrefined poor men of Rome we need to see that they need to be moved emotionally then after this flavius tells that go you down that way towards the capital now what is the capital basically the capital we can say that it is the heart of the Roman political life this is uh this is a place where all the political Affairs of the states are carried out the heart of the Roman political life so he said that you can go down towards the capital and I am going to go the other way now what is the reason because now here they have some agenda they're telling that disrobe the images if you do find decked with ornaments so whatever images you find of Caesar which has been decorated uh please go and uh just disloc cancel all the ornaments because we cannot allow this victory of Caesar to be popularized in Rome may we do so you know it is a feast of Luper call now that date was also the Feast of Lupica now what is the feast of lupacal it's an annual Festival refers to an annual Festival where uh it's basically a festival of fertility all right so it's an annual Festival of fertility so it's actually also a public holiday in Rome and this face Festival is mainly celebrated in honor of the God lupercus it is no matter let no images be hung with Caesar's trophy so flavius tells it no not a not a matter at all even though it's a feast of lupacal let us go ahead with our plan we should not allow any Caesar's Monument statues to be decorated I will about and drive away the vulgar from the street so if I see any vulgar vulgaria refers to the commoners as I said unrefined ports rough men are from the poor people I will drive them away so do you too even you do the same where you perceive them take so wherever you find them Gathering wherever you find them to be you know assembling so just try to remove them from there now very important last four lines these growing feathers plucked from Caesar's Wing will make him fly an ordinary pitch the growing feathers plucked from Caesar's Wing means Caesar is gaining a lot of support these days as we see the commoners are gathering people are trying to welcome him so he's getting a lot of popularity so we need to remove this popularity we need to boycott this popularity so if we can plug the feathers of his growing support then it will make him an ordinary man they are actually jealous of Caesar they're actually not at all happy with Caesar's growing popularity who is if otherwise we are not doing it what would happen who else would soar above the view of men he is going to become very powerful and he will be beyond the rich of Common Man ordinary men he will be not like us he will be far away from us in his popularity and keep us all in survival fearfulness so this is the fear in the mind of the people of Rome and that's the reason they will start a conspiracy which we will understand in the next few scenes how they are hatching a plot and how they are going to hatch a plot to basically bring down his popularity and you know of course it's very interesting so what we understand from here in this act one scene one is that people are jealous of Caesar's popularity especially the uh the Roman people the Roman officers not the common people and they will hatch a plot they will gather and they are trying to make sure that Caesar's popularity is diminished immediately otherwise what is the fear in their mind why are they doing it see this happens with us also in our life or somebody who becomes a little popular somebody who's little different from others people get jealous and out of jealousy they try to bring that person down so bringing somebody down is very uh you know there in in a common human nature and this is the same thing what these people are trying to do now those who have understood this part uh that's great but then before this I also want you to say that you need to know the background well I have shared a video where I have uh explained the summary the background in short by the key themes what is the motive behind all these things that they are doing I have shared that video so make sure you watch the background which will be clear for you all right so I'll be coming again with the next scene but yes if you have any doubts you can always message in the comment and uh go through the play line by line thank you and if you think this comment this content is helping you please do subscribe to the channel and share it with somebody it's new syllabus many of you may be having difficulty even teachers might need help so yes if you are a teacher or a student make sure that you subscribe so that you know I get motivated to make further videos like this because there are a lot of videos act one scene one scene to act a lot of videos in line so a little bit of motivation from your part will actually give me that boost and thank you everyone everyone goodbye