Lecture on the Skeleton of the Thorax

Introduction

• Lecturer: Dr. Ad Al-Bunduq
• Topic: Skeleton of the Thorax

Main Components of the Thorax

• Sternum: Includes the Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid Process
• Ribs: 12 pairs of ribs, divided into True Ribs and False Ribs
• Thoracic Vertebrae: 12 vertebrae

Details of the Sternum

• Manubrium: Contains the Jugular Notch and facets for each clavicle.
• Body: Connects with ribs from the second to the seventh.
• Xiphoid Process: Connects to the lower part of the body.

Ribs

• True Ribs: Ribs 1 to 7 connect directly to the body.
• False Ribs: Ribs 8 to 12, connect via cartilage.
• Floating Ribs: Ribs 11 and 12, have no anterior attachment.

Vertebrae

• Thoracic vertebrae consist of a body, neural arch, and two transverse processes.
• Structure of the vertebrae:
  • Contains costal facets and transverse facets.
  • Contains foramina for the neuroprocesses.

Associated Anatomical Structures

• Blood Vessels: Include brachiocephalic, common carotid, and subclavian arteries.
• Nerves: Vagus nerve, sympathetic nerve, and intercostal nerves.
• Organs: Include the lungs, bronchi, and esophagus.

Anatomical Characteristics

• Joints:
  • The first ribs are connected with cartilaginous joints.
  • Other ribs are connected with synovial joints.
• Ligaments:
  • Include long, posterior fibers, and other supporting ligaments.

Diseases and Problems

• Wear and Compression:
  • Loss of flexibility and increase in calcium deposits.
  • Compression problems on nerves and joints.

Conclusion

• The importance of understanding the skeleton of the thorax for diagnosing and treating related diseases.